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Здесь представлен реконструированный словарный фонд праалтайского языка, начинающийся на фонему *D- (X корней). из общеалтайской этимологической БД проекта "Вавилонская башня" Московской школы компаративистики.

Proto-Altaic: *dắgá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: near; to follow

Russian Meaning: близкий; следовать

Turkic: *jạgu-

Mongolian: *daɣa-ri-

Tungus-Manchu: *daga

Korean: *ta(h)-

Japanese: *dánká-

Comments: EAS 51, 91, 92, KW 72, Poppe 22, Doerfer MT 241, АПиПЯЯ 15, 26-27, 71, 278, Дыбо 12. Closed vowel in Turkic is unexpected (*jag- would be a normal reflex).

Proto-Altaic: *dằgì

Meaning: enemy, alien

Russian Meaning: враг, чужак

Turkic: *jagɨ

Mongolian: *dajin

Tungus-Manchu: *dagu-r

Korean: *tōi

Japanese: *(d)ìkùsà

Comments: EAS 50, 88, KW 83, Владимирцов 267, Дыбо 7, 15. Borrowing in Mong. from Turk. (TMN 4, 101-102, Щербак 1997, 121) is impossible. A suffixed form *dagi-gu (*dagi-u) accounts for labialization in the second syllable (in TM, Jpn. and, originally, in Kor.).

Proto-Altaic: *dagV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shoulder bone, back

Russian Meaning: плечевая кость, спина

Turkic: *jagɨr, *jagrɨn

Mongolian: *dajira / *daɣari

Tungus-Manchu: *daga-

Comments: Владимирцов 318, Колесникова 1972а, 89-91. A Western isogloss. Despite Щербак 1997, 121 Mong. is not < Turk. Turk. *jagɨr represents in fact a merger of two different original roots (see *ńĕka). See also TMN 4, 177-178 (with unconvincing criticism).

Proto-Altaic: *dáku

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: coverlet

Russian Meaning: покрытие, покрывало

Turkic: *jogurgan

Tungus-Manchu: *dakan-

Japanese: *dúká

Comments: Cf. also Bur. dagadxa 'unworked leather, leather mat'. Turk. -o- must be a result of secondary narrowing in a polysyllabic word < *jagu-rgan.

Proto-Altaic: *dằk`ì

Meaning: follow, near

Russian Meaning: следовать, близкий

Turkic: *jAk-ɨn

Mongolian: *daka-, *daga-

Tungus-Manchu: *daxa-

Japanese: *tìkà-

Comments: KW 73, ОСНЯ 1, 215-216, Doerfer TMN 4, 105 (with some unsubstantial criticism), MT 241, АПиПЯЯ 15, 26-27, 71, 278. Despite Doerfer MT 142, TM is hardly borrowed from Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *dala ( ~ -e-)

Meaning: a k. of building

Russian Meaning: вид здания

Mongolian: *dal

Japanese: *da

Comments: Street 1985, 640. A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dằĺà ( ~ -o)

Meaning: to close, hide

Russian Meaning: закрывать, прятать

Turkic: *jaĺ-

Mongolian: *dal-

Tungus-Manchu: *dal(i)-

Korean: *tjǝ́r

Japanese: *dàsìrǝ̀

Comments: EAS 51, KW 73, Владимирцов 365, Poppe 22-23, 77, Дыбо 12, Miller 1970, 127, Street 1980, 297, JOAL 86. Despite Doerfer MT 18, PTM *dali- cannot be borrowed from Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *dàli

Meaning: to roast, burn

Russian Meaning: жарить, жечь

Mongolian: *dölü

Tungus-Manchu: *dalga-

Korean: *tàr-

Japanese: *(d)ìr-

Comments: EAS 1, 124, SKE 252. Korean has a usual verbal low tone; Mong. *dölü < *delü (from an earlier *deli-w). On a possible Turkic reflex see under *ǯi̯ale.

Proto-Altaic: *dalo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sweet, tasty

Russian Meaning: сладкий, вкусный

Turkic: *j[ɨ]l-ɨnčga

Mongolian: {*dolgun-čug 'gluttonous, edacious'}

Tungus-Manchu: *dal-{}

Korean: *tằr-

Comments: SKE 253, EAS 51. In Turk. *-a- would be expected; Karakh. jɨlɨnčga is probably an assimilation < *jalɨnčga.

Proto-Altaic: *dalp`V ( ~ -e-, -p-)

Meaning: to shake, sway

Russian Meaning: качать, махать

Turkic: *jelpi- / *jalpɨ-

Mongolian: *delbe- / *dalba-

Comments: KW 87. An expressive Turk.-Mong. isogloss, tending to merge (both in Turk. and Mong.) with the reflexes of *dĕ̀lp`à 'flat, broad' ("to shake, flatter (of flat objects)"). One cannot exclude that a merger indeed took place, and the original shape of the root had been *dalV ( ~ -e-) without the *-p`-: cf. WMong. dalaji- 'to brandish, swing' (see TMN 1, 328-329), dele- 'to wave, flap (wings)'; Karakh. jalŋu 'flip-flap, the swing' (EDT 930), see SKE 258.

Proto-Altaic: *dàma

Meaning: ill, sick, bad

Russian Meaning: больной, плохой

Turkic: *jAman

Tungus-Manchu: *dam-

Japanese: *dàm-

Comments: Despite SKE 75 there is no reason at all to suppose a Chinese origin of the Turkic form (MC ja-mạn 'savage, barbarian' is too distant semantically; the usage of PT *jaman for a bad disease, sickness is very close to Japanese and may suggest that the original meaning of the root was 'ill(ness), sick(ness)').

Proto-Altaic: *dằŋk`V ( ~ t-)

Meaning: blame, guilt

Russian Meaning: вина, обвинение

Tungus-Manchu: *daŋ-

Japanese: *tǝ̀nká

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dari ( ~ t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to freeze

Russian Meaning: замерзать

Mongolian: *dereji-

Tungus-Manchu: *dar-

Japanese: *(d)ita-

Comments: The root is not widely represented, but seems to be well reconstructable for PA. {Dolg. ND 561 adds OTurk. jarp 'firm, solid' which would support *dari.}

Proto-Altaic: *dărV(mV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: back, waist

Russian Meaning: спина, поясница

Turkic: *jarɨn

Mongolian: *dere(me)

Tungus-Manchu: *darama

Comments: A Western isogloss. Somewhat different in Дыбо 305, Лексика 242; for Turkic cf. also PTM *dīre 'shoulderblade' (ТМС 1, 205).

Proto-Altaic: *dasa

Meaning: to regulate, govern

Russian Meaning: управлять, регулировать

Turkic: *jAsa-

Mongolian: *das-

Tungus-Manchu: *dasa-

Korean: *tàs-

Comments: Lee 1958, 107 (TM-Kor.). The combination of meanings in Mong. here is suspiciously similar to PA *či̯ā́tu ( > Mong. dadu-); so one may wonder if Mong. *das- is not actually a derivative of *dad- (*dad-s-). In that case the form should be removed from the present etymology.

Proto-Altaic: *dắsi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a flat cover

Russian Meaning: плоская покрышка

Turkic: *jAs-

Mongolian: *dasinga

Tungus-Manchu: *dasi-

Korean: *tìsài

Comments: The Turk. form can also be derived from *nèse 'to flatten, make even' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *dā́la

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wave, deep place

Russian Meaning: волна; глубокое место

Turkic: *dāl-

Mongolian: *dalaj

Tungus-Manchu: *dal-

Japanese: *dara

Comments: Владимирцов 368, Doerfer MT 125. Despite TMN 1, 325, EDT 502 Mong. cannot be < Turkic (initial d- cannot be explained). See notes to *t`ṑle.

Proto-Altaic: *dā̀li

Meaning: glue; to glue, stick

Russian Meaning: клей; приклеивать, прилипать

Turkic: *jẹli-m

Mongolian: *ǯil-

Tungus-Manchu: *dāl-bu-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 180. A Western isogloss. Turkic must have a secondary narrowing *e > *ẹ here (in a disyllabic structure?).

Proto-Altaic: *dā́lV ( ~ -ē-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: nape, withers

Russian Meaning: загривок, холка

Turkic: *jāl

Mongolian: *dalaŋ

Korean: *tǝr-mi

Comments: KW 73, Poppe 97, Дыбо 306, Лексика 147; TMN 4, 106 ("...unklar"). The root seems to be distinct from *dḗlì (*dḗjlì) q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *dā̀mù

Meaning: only

Russian Meaning: только

Tungus-Manchu: *dāmu

Japanese: *dùmài

Comments: An interesting TM-Jpn. isogloss. It is perhaps worth noting the particle jamu mentioned by MK for contexts like "sen barɣɨl jamu" 'go, will you' (see EDT 934).

Proto-Altaic: *dā̀pà

Meaning: to cross (a mountain)

Russian Meaning: переваливать (через гору)

Mongolian: *daba-

Tungus-Manchu: *dāb-

Japanese: *dàmà

Comments: KW 80, Poppe 23, 45, JOAL 85, 86, Murayama 1962, 108, АПиПЯЯ 15, 104, 109 (with an explanation of Jpn. -m-: *dàmà < *dàpa-(ga)n = Mong. dabaɣan), 276.

Proto-Altaic: *debí ( ~ ǯ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bad, to suffer

Russian Meaning: плохой, страдать

Turkic: *jAb-

Mongolian: *ǯib-

Korean: *jǝ̀búi-

Japanese: *(d)impi-r-

Comments: Finch 1987, 17 (Jpn.-Mong.). One of the few exceptional cases of *ǯ- > *j- in Kor. (cf. *ǯa- 'eight').

Proto-Altaic: *debV

Meaning: young (of birds or animals)

Russian Meaning: детеныш (птиц или животных)

Turkic: *jabrɨ

Mongolian: *deɣü

Tungus-Manchu: *debere

Comments: Poppe AU 105, Дыбо 9, Лексика 169. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *d[é]gì

Meaning: feather, wing

Russian Meaning: перо, крыло

Turkic: *jüg

Mongolian: *ǯiɣür

Tungus-Manchu: *dekte-

Japanese: *(d)íká

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 44, 287, Лексика 150. Labialization in PT is probably secondary (*jüg < *jegü < *jegi-gü, cf. the Mong. form).

Proto-Altaic: *dĕ́kà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn

Russian Meaning: жечь, гореть

Turkic: *jak-

Tungus-Manchu: *deg-ǯe-gi-

Korean: *thằ-

Japanese: *dák-

Comments: Martin 227, JOAL 90-94, АПиПЯЯ 35-36, 90, 279. Korean has a usual vowel reduction between a stop and a fricative.

Proto-Altaic: *dék`à

Meaning: a k. of reed or bamboo

Russian Meaning: вид тростника или бамбука

Turkic: *jEken

Mongolian: *dek-

Tungus-Manchu: *deke-

Korean: *tái

Japanese: *tákái

Comments: Martin 225, Whitman 1985, 188, 215, Дыбо 11. The tone incongruence between Kor. and Jpn. should be explained by contraction in Kor.; however, the zero reflex in Kor. is somewhat strange (one would at least expect *tahi).

Proto-Altaic: *dek`V ( ~ -k-)

Meaning: harness, hook

Russian Meaning: упряжь, крюк

Turkic: *jEk-

Tungus-Manchu: *deken

Comments: Дыбо 12. A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dĕ̀lp`à

Meaning: flat, wide

Russian Meaning: плоский, широкий

Turkic: *jalpɨ

Mongolian: *dalba-

Tungus-Manchu: *delpi-n

Japanese: *tàpìra

Comments: VEWT 183, KW 75 (Turk.-Mong.), Цинциус 1984, 8, АПиПЯЯ 71, 287. Mong. has also a front vowel variant delbe 'flatness', delbeger 'broad, wide', ǯilbigar id.

Proto-Altaic: *dĕ̀lp`i

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burst, break

Russian Meaning: ломать(ся), рвать(ся)

Turkic: *deĺ-

Mongolian: *delbe-

Tungus-Manchu: *delpe-

Japanese: *timpǝ-

Comments: Poppe 44 (Mong.-Tung.), Дыбо 13. Despite Doerfer MT 64, the TM form is hardly borrowed from Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *depo ( ~ -b-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wet, soak

Russian Meaning: мокрый, мокнуть

Turkic: *jẹbi-

Mongolian: *debte-

Tungus-Manchu: *deb-

Comments: KW 88. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dĕp`a ( ~ *t-)

Meaning: soft, fluffy

Russian Meaning: мягкий, пушистый

Tungus-Manchu: *dep-

Korean: *tàpók-

Comments: An expressive TM-Kor. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *deŕa ( ~ -o)

Meaning: to flatten, flat

Russian Meaning: расплющивать, плоский

Turkic: *jạŕ-

Mongolian: *daru-

Korean: *tàrì-

Comments: SKE 257, 258.

Proto-Altaic: *déru ( ~ -ŕ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to shake, sway

Russian Meaning: качаться, махать

Mongolian: *derbe-

Tungus-Manchu: *der(gi)-

Japanese: *dúr-

Comments: Cf. also PTM *deri(n)- 'jump, run'. {ND 566 adds WMo dorgi- 'tremble, shake, vibrate'}

Proto-Altaic: *dḕ

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to lie

Russian Meaning: лежать

Turkic: *jạt-

Mongolian: *de-b-

Tungus-Manchu: *dē-

Japanese: *dàntǝ̀-r-

Comments: One of the common Altaic monosyllabic verbal roots. Note dental suffixation (probably *dē-ta-) reflected in PT, TM and Jpn.

Proto-Altaic: *dḕgni

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: needle, thorn, arrow

Russian Meaning: игла, шип, стрела

Turkic: *(j)igne

Mongolian: *ǯeɣü-wün

Tungus-Manchu: *dēŋgu

Japanese: *(d)inka

Comments: Владимирцов 196. Mong. *ǯeɣü-ɣün must go back to *ǯiɣe-ɣü-n. {An alternative proposition: TM *dēŋgu could be compared with PJ *dùmì 'bow' < PA *dḕŋu; in that case the present root could be reconstructed as *ǯegi.}

Proto-Altaic: *dḗlì

Meaning: mane; collar

Russian Meaning: грива; воротник

Turkic: *jēl

Mongolian: *del

Tungus-Manchu: *delü-n

Japanese: *(d)iárì

Comments: EAS 52, KW 74, 85, Poppe 22, 75, АПиПЯЯ 72, 287, Лексика 147; TMN 4, 106 ("...unklar"). TM is hardly < Mong., despite Doerfer MT 76, Rozycki 58. The diphthong in Jpn. may indicate PA *dḗjlì. Cf. *dā́lV.

Proto-Altaic: *dible

Meaning: hem

Russian Meaning: подол, окантовка

Turkic: *jEl(b)-

Mongolian: *dewel

Tungus-Manchu: *dilbi-

Comments: KW 85, EAS 174 (with several misquoted forms), TMN 1, 328. A Western isogloss. Some rather strange variants coexist within Mong. and TM, and archaic interborrowing is not excluded; it is also possible that the root should be reconstructed as *dible, to account for the development in Mong. Another possibility is comparing the Mong. forms (at least part of them) with Evk. lipêre `a k. of winter clothes', Tuva čüvür `trousers' (?).

Proto-Altaic: *dijV ( ~ *t-)

Meaning: tar, to melt

Russian Meaning: вар, варить

Tungus-Manchu: *dī

Korean: *tī-

Japanese: *(d)í-

Comments: An Eastern isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dile

Meaning: udder

Russian Meaning: вымя

Turkic: *jẹlin

Mongolian: *deleŋ

Tungus-Manchu: *dilba

Comments: Poppe 22, 76, Лексика 148 (with lit.). A Western isogloss. Despite Щербак 1997, 123 Mong. cannot be borrowed < Turk.

Proto-Altaic: *dile ( ~ t-, -ĺ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of insect or worm

Russian Meaning: вид насекомого или червя

Mongolian: *dele-

Tungus-Manchu: *dilu-kē

Korean: *tīroŋ

Comments: A common derivative *dile-kV (-k`V) is reflected in Mong. *dele-g- and TM *dilu-kē.

Proto-Altaic: *dĭ̀lo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: year; sun, sun cycle

Russian Meaning: год; солнце, солнечный цикл

Turkic: *jɨl

Mongolian: *ǯil

Tungus-Manchu: *dilačā

Korean: *tolč

Japanese: *tǝ̀sì

Comments: EAS 52, KW 109, Владимирцов 171, Martin 246, ОСНЯ 1, 220, JOAL 119, АПиПЯЯ 31, 88, 278-279, Дыбо 11, Лексика 71. Mong. may be < Turk. (see TMN 4, 251, Щербак 1997, 124). The Eastern form go back to a suffixed *dĭ̀lo-č`V.

Proto-Altaic: *dilu

Meaning: juice, resin

Russian Meaning: сок, смола

Turkic: *jülük / *juluk

Mongolian: *ǯilij

Tungus-Manchu: *dilgu

Comments: Дыбо 10. A Western isogloss. One wonders if the root is not actually derived (as *dij-lu) from *dijV 'tar, to melt' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *dilu

Meaning: brain

Russian Meaning: мозг

Turkic: *julɨŋ / *jülüŋ

Mongolian: *ǯiluɣa / *ǯulaj

Tungus-Manchu: *dili

Comments: Дыбо 314, Лексика 263. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *diŋe

Meaning: to win

Russian Meaning: побеждать

Turkic: *jẹŋ-

Mongolian: *dejil-

Tungus-Manchu: *diŋe-

Comments: KW 92. A Western isogloss. The Turkic and Mong. forms are no doubt related, but Ramstedt treats them both as derived from *deg- 'top'. Since we divide the traditional reconstruction of the latter root into *di̯òge and *tēga (q. v.), such a derivation seems less plausible. The Ud. form diŋe-, albeit isolated in TM, also supports deriving Turk. *jẹŋ- and Mong. dejil- from a separate root.

Proto-Altaic: *dísa

Meaning: to guard, preserve

Russian Meaning: охранять, сохранять

Mongolian: *ǯise-

Tungus-Manchu: *disu-

Japanese: *jásí-nap-

Comments: A good common Altaic verbal root.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯ági ( ~ -i̯o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: fish

Russian Meaning: рыба

Mongolian: *ǯiɣa-

Korean: *thi

Japanese: *(d)íwuá

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 100, 275, Дыбо 46, Лексика 178, Vovin 2000. TM *ǯoji (in fact *ǯobi) 'Salmo lenoc' (compared in some of the above sources) has a precise match in WMong. ǯebege and has to be separated; see *ǯi̯abo. The Jpn. form could also belong there phonetically, but the close match with Kor. thi makes its derivation from *di̯ági more plausible.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯ari

Meaning: a small animal (flying squirrel)

Russian Meaning: мелкое животное (белка-летяга)

Turkic: *jar- / *jer-

Mongolian: *ǯirke

Tungus-Manchu: *ǯ(i)arami ( ~ d-)

Korean: *tằràmí

Japanese: *(d)ìtàti

Comments: Лексика 168. Low tone in Jpn. does not correspond to Kor. (but cf. different dialectal variants). The root must have denoted some small rodent, possibly a flying squirrel (which could explain the meaning 'bat' in Turkic). One should also mention PM *ǯaraɣa 'hedgehog, porcupine' = Karakh. jarpuz 'mongoose', possibly derived from the same root. A different etymology of the Turkic word (comparing it with Evk. ńarbakin 'naked' and deriving from a *ńarV 'naked skin', see Stachowski 1999) seems less likely to us.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯ā́no ( ~ *di̯ṓne)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: flat surface, land

Russian Meaning: плоская поверхность, суша

Turkic: *jān

Mongolian: *denǯi

Tungus-Manchu: *dunse

Comments: A Western isogloss. The meaning 'side' in Turkic is easily deducible from 'land' (cf. Russ. страна - сторона).

Proto-Altaic: *di̯òge

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: good, better

Russian Meaning: хороший, лучше

Turkic: *jẹg-

Mongolian: *ǯaɣa

Korean: *tjōh-

Japanese: *dǝ̀-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 103, 275. Despite the meaning of the Chuvash form ("up") the Turk. root should be rather compared with this Korean and Japanese data than with Mong. degde- 'rise' etc. (see VEWT 194 with literature). On the latter root see under *tēga. The Mong. vocalism in *ǯaɣa is somewhat aberrant: it is probably a result of early vowel assimilation < *ǯiɣa (the variants ǯiɣa- and ǯaɣa- in WMong. interchange frequently).

Proto-Altaic: *di̯okt`V ( ~ t-)

Meaning: socks, stockings

Russian Meaning: носки, чулки

Mongolian: *degtej

Tungus-Manchu: *dokta

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯úblu ( ~ -a)

Meaning: a k. of predator

Russian Meaning: вид хищника

Turkic: *jolbars

Mongolian: *ǯilar

Tungus-Manchu: *dolbi

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯ŭlgu ( ~ -a)

Meaning: a k. of foliage tree

Russian Meaning: вид лиственного дерева

Turkic: *jɨlgun

Mongolian: *dolugana

Tungus-Manchu: *dulgikta

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯up`ú

Meaning: wing, fin

Russian Meaning: крыло, плавник

Mongolian: *ǯiber

Japanese: *tumpasa

Comments: JOAL 98. A Mong.-Jpn. isogloss; cf. perhaps Tuva čakpa ( < *japka) 'fin'.

Proto-Altaic: *di̯ū̀lu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: warm

Russian Meaning: теплый

Turkic: *jɨlɨ-g

Mongolian: *dulaɣan

Tungus-Manchu: *dūl-

Japanese: *dù

Comments: EAS 51, KW 102, Владимирцов 174, Poppe 23, 75, JOAL 85, ОСНЯ 1, 221-222, Murayama 1962, 108, АПиПЯЯ 51, 72, 284, Дыбо 11, Лексика 21. Despite Щербак 1997, 124, Mong. cannot be explained as a Turkic loanword, and despite Doerfer MT 72 the TM and Mong. forms should be regarded as genuinely related. Note that several forms reflect an original derivative *di̯ūl(u)-gV (Turk., Mong. and Jpn. *dù < *di̯ul-gu).

Proto-Altaic: *dòru

Meaning: rule, permission

Russian Meaning: закон, разрешение

Turkic: *jor-

Mongolian: *dura-

Tungus-Manchu: *dora(n)

Japanese: *dùrù-

Comments: An interesting common Altaic root, with the original meaning reconstructable perhaps as 'interpretation (of desires or intentions)' and thus 'permission, rule'.

Proto-Altaic: *dòru

Meaning: weak, slack, emaciated

Russian Meaning: слабый, истощенный

Turkic: *jor-

Mongolian: *doru

Tungus-Manchu: *duru-

Japanese: *dùrù-

Comments: The root is homonymous with *dòru 'rule, permission', but hardly has anything in common with it etymologically.

Proto-Altaic: *dorVkV

Meaning: a k. of badger

Russian Meaning: вид барсука

Turkic: *jorukan

Mongolian: *dorugun

Tungus-Manchu: *d[o]riken

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dṑ ( ~ t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: inside, middle

Russian Meaning: внутри, середина

Mongolian: *do- / *du-

Tungus-Manchu: *dō

Korean: *tắi

Comments: ТМС 1, 210, Rozycki 61. One of the few monosyllabic roots in PA.

Proto-Altaic: *dṓn(e)k`V

Meaning: withers, back

Russian Meaning: холка, спина

Turkic: *jōnak

Mongolian: *döŋ(ge)

Tungus-Manchu: *doŋka

Korean: *tɨ̀ŋ

Comments: The Kor. word is alternatively compared with Mong. tüŋke 'muscles of the back' (SKE 268, EAS 49, 120) - but we were unable to find the word in available sources.

Proto-Altaic: *dōre

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to go, walk, approach

Russian Meaning: идти, ходить, приближаться

Turkic: *jorɨ- / *jüri-

Mongolian: *dürbe-

Tungus-Manchu: *dūrē-

Japanese: *dǝ́r-

Comments: EAS 52, АПиПЯЯ 284, Дыбо 13. The frequently compared with Turk. WMong. ǯorči- 'to ride, wander' (see KW 476, Владимирцов 187, VEWT 207), is most likely a loanword (ǯorči- < *ǯorti-, from the Turk. derived form *jor(ɨ)t- (ЭСТЯ 4, 226-227); cf. also *jorɨga 'pedestrian; ambler' (ЭСТЯ 4, 225) > WMong. ǯiruɣa, see VEWT 207, KW 115, TMN 4, 152, whence Yak., Dolg. ǯoruo, see Kaɫ. MEJ 23, 35, Stachowski 91)), *jorɨ- > WMong. ǯori- 'to head (somewhere)' (KW 478; hence Man. ǯori-, see Doerfer MT 115); see Щербак 1997, 125. Note that Doerfer's criticism (TMN 4, 219-220) of the Tung.-Turk. comparison is unacceptable. However, an archaic opposition of two roots (with *d- and *ǯ-) cannot be excluded: besides a peculiar variation *jorɨ-/ *jüri- in PT note also the tonal mismatch between PT *dūr- and PJ *dǝ́r-.

Proto-Altaic: *dubi ( ~ t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: skilled, accustomed

Russian Meaning: умелый, привычный

Mongolian: *düj

Tungus-Manchu: *dub-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dŭ̀le

Meaning: night

Russian Meaning: ночь

Mongolian: *düli-

Tungus-Manchu: *dolba

Japanese: *duà, *duà-rû

Comments: Murayama 1962, 108, АПиПЯЯ 71, 97, 276 (but the Turkic parallels listed there should be rejected). PJ *duà reflects a suffixed form < *dŭ̀l(e)-gV (-bV).

Proto-Altaic: *dure ( ~ t-, -ŕ-, -i)

Meaning: to burn, set fire

Russian Meaning: зажигать, загораться

Mongolian: *dür-

Tungus-Manchu: *dur-

Comments: Poppe 22. Мудрак Дисс. 185. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss, but despite Doerfer MT 147, hardly a loanword in TM.

Proto-Altaic: *dŭŕi

Meaning: ring

Russian Meaning: кольцо

Turkic: *jüŕ-

Mongolian: *dörü

Tungus-Manchu: *dur-

Comments: KW 99, Poppe 23, Лексика 549. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *dū́li

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: mad, crazy

Russian Meaning: сумасшедший, глупый

Turkic: *jǖl-

Mongolian: *dülei

Tungus-Manchu: *dulbu-

Korean: *tor

Comments: SKE 272, Lee 1958, 108.

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