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An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (T)

Домой:	Рус	Анг	Ита	Исп	Эсп

Здесь приведен этимологический словарь (на фонему T) гэльского (исконного шотландского) языка - пока на английском языке (см. английский словарный фонд).

T

• ta, tha is, Irish tР±, Early Irish tР±, is, tР±im, I am, Old Irish tР±u, tСѓ, sum, tР±, tР±a, est, especially attР±a (at the beginning of a sentence), est (= ad-tГўt, Latin adsto) and itР±, itР±a, "in which is": *tГўjГґ, *tГўjet, root stГў, stand; Latin stГґ, stat, stand, French Р№tР№, having been; Church Slavonic stoja@?, I stand; further English stand, Greek @Gi@`/stcmi (for @GsРЅ-sta@-mi), set, Latin sisto. See seas further.
• tabaid fight, brawl; Breton has tabut of like force; See sabaid. Cf. Scottish debate.
• tР°bar a tabor, Irish tabР±r; from the English
• tabh
• the sea, ocean; from Norse haf, Swed. haf, Danish hav, the open sea, Anglo-Saxon haef. From Norse also comes the Scottish (Shet.) haaf, open sea.
• tР°bh a spoon-net; from Norse hР±fr, a pock-net.
• tabhach a sudden eruption, a forcing, a pull, Irish tabhach, sudden eruption, compulsion, tobhachaim, I compel, Early Irish tobach, levying, distraint, from dobongaim: for root See buain.
• tР°bhachd substantiality, effectiveness, Irish tР±bhachd, Middle Irish tabhuchta (Meyer):
• tabhair give, so Irish, Early Irish tabraim, Old Irish tabur, do, post-particle form of dobiur, now Gaelic bheir, q.v.: inf. tabhairt, so Irish See thoir.
• tabhal a sling, Irish tabhall, Early Irish taball, Welsh rafl, a cast, taflu, jacere, Cornish toula, Breton taol, a cast, blow: *taballo-, root tab, to fire, sling; cf. English stab.
• tР°bhairn an inn, tavern, Irish tabhairne; from Latin taberna, English tavern.
• tР°bharnach noisy (Suth.):
• tabhann barking, Irish tathfan: *to-sven-, root sven, sound ( See seinn).
• tР°bhastal
• tedious nonsense:
• tac a lease, tack; from Scottish tack.
• tacaid a tack, tacket, Irish taca; from the English
• tacan a while, short time; from tac.
• tacar (tР°car, H.S.D.), provision, plenty, support, Irish tacar, a collection, gleaning, contrivance. Cf. Norse taka, income.
• tachair meet, happen, Manx taghyrt, to happen, an accident, Irish tachair, he arrived at; from to- and car, turn.
• tР°charan a ghost, yelling of a ghost, an orphan, Irish tacharР±n:
• tachas itching, scratching, Irish tochas:
• tachd choke, Irish tachdaim, Old Irish tachtad, angens. Stokes gives the root as tak and refers to it also Welsh tagu (and ystagu), choke, Cornish, Breton taga. Brugmann and Ascoli analyse tachd into to-acht, root angh, Latin ango, choke, Greek @Ga@'ghw, English anger. Root tak as in Latin tacere (Prellwitz).
• tachras winding yarn, Irish tocharais, tochardadh, Middle Irish tochartagh: *to-cert-, root qert, wind, as in ceirtle.
• tacsa , tacas (Dial.), support, substance; cf. taic.
• tР°dh a ledge, layer; cf. spadh.
• tadhal frequenting, visiting, Irish tadhall, Old Irish tadal, dat. tadРЅll, inf. of taidlim, doaidlibem, visitabimus, adall, diverticulum: *to-ad-ell, form *elnГґ (Stokes), go, Middle Welsh elwyfi, iero, Cornish yllyf, eam, root ela, Latin ambulare, walk, Greek @Ge@'laСЉnw, drive, proceed; likely also French aller, go.
• tadhal goal, hail; from English hail.
• tagair plead, Irish tagair (imper.), tagraim, Early Irish tacraim, Old Irish tacre, argumentum: *to-ad-gar-, root gar, as in goir, agair.
• tagh choose, Irish toghaim, Old Irish togu, eligo, electio: *to-gusГґ, root gus, choose, taste; Latin gusto, taste; Greek @GgeСЉw, taste; English choose.
• taghairm noise, echo, a mode of divination by listening to the noise of water cascades, Irish toghairm, summons, petition, Old Irish togairm, invocatio; from to- and gairm.
• taghan
• the marten:
• tagradh ghost ( Suth. R.D.):
• taibhs , taibhse an apparition, ghost, Irish taibhse, vision, ghost, Middle Irish tadhbais, phantasma, Old Irish taidbse, demonstratio, tadbat, demonstrat, *tad-bat or *to-ad-bat, root bat, show, see, speak, Indo-European bhГў, bhan as in bР°n, q.v. Greek @GfР±ntasma, English phantasm, and phantom are closely allied to the Gaelic
• taibid a taunt; See teabaid.
• taibse propriety of speech: "precision", Early Irish tepe, cutting; See teabaid.
• taic support, proximity, Irish taca, prop, surety, fastening, toice, prop, wealth, tacamhuil, firm, aice, support, food, near, Middle Irish aicc, a bond, Early Irish aicce, relationship: *akki-, *pakki-, root pak, bind; Latin paciscor, agree, pax, peace; English fang, Gothic fahan, seize: Zend paГ§, bind. The root is a triplet -- pak, pag, pagh (Greek @Gpc/gnumi, make fast, Latin pango, English page, etc.). Zimmer refers Early Irish aicce to the root of agus, aig.
• taidhe attention, heed, Irish uidh, Old Irish oid, Сѓid, con-Сѓi, servat: *audi-, root av, watch, Latin aveo, desire, audeo, dare, Sanskrit av, favour (see Р°ill further). The t of Gaelic is due to the phrase "Thoir taidhe" (= thoir do aidhe) - Take thy heed: a phrase to which the word is practically restricted, and which accounts for the short vowel of the Gaelic and Irish, the sentence accent being on the verb.
• taidheam meaning, import; See oidheam.
• taifeid a bow-string:
• taig attachment, custom; cf. aig, at.
• taigeis haggis; from Scottish haggis, Old French hachis, English hash, from hack.
• taighlich chattels (Heb.); a side form of teaghlach.
• tail substance, wages, taileas, wages, Irish tР±ille, wages, Middle Irish taile, salarium, Welsh tГўl, payment, Cornish, Old Breton tal, solvit, root tal, tel, take, hold; Greek @GtР±lanton, a talent, English talent, @Gtelos, toll; Latin tollo, lift, English thole, etc.
• tailce strength, Irish talcР±nta, strong, Early Irish talce, tailce: *t-alkiГў, root alk, strong, Greek @Ga@'lkc/, strength, @Ga@'lР№xw, defend.
• tailceas contempt; cf. tarcuis.
• tР°ileasg backgammon, chess, Irish tР±ibhleis, backgammon table, back-gammon, Middle Irish taiflis, draught-board, tables, Welsh tawl-fwrdd, draught-board; from Middle English tables, backgammon, from table, Norse tafl, game, chess.
• tailebart halberd; from the English The Irish, Middle Irish is halabard, which Stokes regards as derived from the French hallebard.
• taileas wages; See tail.
• tailgneachd prophecy; for tairgneachd, q.v.
• tР°ille apprentice fee, premium (M`A., who has tР°illeabh); See tail.
• tР°ille , tР°illeabh (M`A.), consequence, air tР°ille, on account of; cf. Middle Irish a haithle, after, as a haithle sin, thereafter, Old Gaelic as Р± Р±thle, thereafter (Book of Deer), aithle, remnant.
• tР°illear a tailor, Irish tailiur, Welsh teiliwr; from the English, Middle English tailor, taylor, from French tailleur.
• tailm a tool, sling, noose, Irish tailmh, a sling, Early Irish tailm (do.), Welsh telm, laqueus, Breton talm, sling: *talksmi (Stokes); Church Slavonic tlu@uka@?, strike.
• tailmrich bustle, noise; for *tairmrith, Early Irish tairmrith, transcursus, from tairm-, cross, trans (see thar), and ruith, run.
• tailp a bundle, bunch ( Sh., O'R.):
• tР°imh death, mortality, Irish tР±imh, Early Irish tР±m, plague: *tГўmo-, death; cf. Sanskrit tР±myati, choke, Church Slavonic tomiti, vexare. Cf., however, tР°mh, rest.
• taimhlisg
• traduce (Carm.):
• tР°in cattle, drove, Irish tР±in, cattle, spoil, Early Irish tР±in: *to-ag-ni, root ag, drive, Latin ago, etc.
• taing
• thanks; from the English thank.
• tainneamh
• thaw (Arran), Manx tennue, Irish tionadh, Old Irish tinaid, evanescit, root ten as in tana. See aiteamh.
• taip a mass, Irish taip; See tap.
• tР°ir contempt, Irish tР±ir, Early Irish tР±r; for *to-shР±r; See sР°r.
• tР°ir get, obtain, come, Irish tair, come thou, Early Irish tair (do.), tair, venies; from tairicim, I arrive at, come, catch, for *to-air-ic, root ic of thig, q.v.
• tairbeart an isthmus, peninsula: *tar-bertГў, from tar (see thar, cross) and ber of beir: "cross-bringing, portage".
• tairbhe profit, so Irish, Old Irish torbe: *to-for-be, where -be comes from *bv-iГў, root bu, be (see bu).
• tairbheartach profitable, so Irish, Early Irish tairbert, yielding, giving up: *to-air-ber-, from the berb beir, bring.
• tairbhein surfeit, bloody flux (Carm.):
• tairg offer, tairgse, an offer, Irish tairgim, tairgsin, Early Irish tairgim, tharscin (dat.): *to-air-ges-, root ges, carry (Latin gero, as in agus? Ascoli compares Old Irish taircim, affero, tairciud, oblatio, tribuere, from to-ad-ro-ic, root ic of thig.
• tairgneachd, tailgneachd, tairgire prophecy, Irish tairrgire, tairgire, prophecy, promise, Old Irish tairngire, promissio: *to-air-ind-gar-iГў, root gar as in goir.
• tairiosg a saw; See tuireasg.
• tairis
• the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow: cf. Old Irish tairissim, sto, *to-air-sess, from sess as in seas, q.v.
• tairis kind, loving, Irish tairis, loyal, Early Irish tairisse, true, loyal: "stable", from to-air-sess, from sess, stop, stand, as in seas, q.v.
• tairisgein peat-spade; See toirsgian.
• tairleas , turlas cupboard or aumrie (Perth): Scottish tirless, lattice, wicket, French trellis.
• tairm necromancy (Sh., Old R.); See taghairm.
• tР°irneanach
• thunder, Irish tСѓirneach, tСѓirn; See torrunn for root, etc.
• tР°irng , tarrang a nail, Irish, Early Irish tairnge; from tarruing?
• tais soft, Irish tais, Early Irish taise, tasse, weakness: *taxi-, soft (Gaulish Taxi-magulus?), root tak, weak, melting, Greek @GtakerСѓs (do.), @Gtc/kw, melt; further Latin tabes, English thaw. Bezzenberger suggests Greek @GtР±gcnon, a melting pot, saucepan.
• taisbean reveal, Irish taisbeanaim, Early Irish taispenim, taissfenim, Old Irish asfenimm, testificor, doairfenus, exploravi; the old Gaelic root is fen, ben, which may be cognate to Greek @GfaРЅnw (see taibhse). Zeuss regarded the s as put before the b by metathesis, the word being of the same origin as taibhse.
• taisdeal a journey, taisdil (Cars.), journey (v.imp.) Irish taisdiol: *to-asdel, *ad-sod-, root sod-, as in astar.
• tР°isealan , taisealan (M`E.), saints' relics, Early Irish taisse:
• taisg deposit, store away, tasgaidh, depository, Irish taisgim, Early Irish taiscim, doroisecht-sa, id deposui: *to-ad-sec-, root seq, follow, beside, as in seach, past; the idea of the verb being "put past". (Ernault Zeit. Celt.@+2 384. segh).
• taisgeal finding of anything, taisgealach, a spy, Irish taiscealladh, spying, betraying, Middle Irish taiscelad, Old Irish taiscelaid, explorator, pl. taisceltai, do-scР№ulaim, experior; from to-scР№l-, from sgeul, story (Windisch). Hence taisgealadh, news.
• taitheasg a repartee, Irish taitheasg, aitheasg (O'Br., etc.), Old Irish taithesc, answer, aithesc, admonitio, Welsh ateb, a reply: *ati-seq, root seq, say, as in sgeul.
• taitinn pleasing, Irish taithneamhach, Middle Irish taitnemach, bright, shining, Early Irish taitnim, I shine, taitnemach, shining, Old Irish taitnem, lucina, light: *taith-tennim, to-aith-tenn, root ten of teine, fire (Windisch). Stokes (Bez.Beit.@+18, 112), divides taitnem into tait- and nem, Pictish namet, albus.
• tР°l adze, Irish, Old Irish tР±l: *to-aglo- (rather t-aglo-?), Gothic aqisi, axe, English axe (Strachan). Stokes gives a pre-Gaelic *tГўkslo, root tek, Church Slavonic tesla, axe, Latin gelum (= tex-lum), weapon, Greek @GtР№ktwn, carpenter; but tek does not appear to have a side form tГўk, and tГўkslo- would produce tР±ll (tГґkslo, Foy). But cf. Latin pГўla, spade, for root, and for phonetics Gaelic torc and Latin porcus.
• talach complaining, Irish talach, dispraise, reproach:
• tР°ladh enticing, hushing, caressing; from Norse tР±l, allurement, bait, trap, Anglo-Saxon tР±l, calumny, root dГўl, del, Latin dolus, guile, @GdclР№omai, hurt (Dor. da@-lР№omai).
• talainte a partition or dividing wall; from Scottish halland, hallon. Dial. Gaelic has also tallaid.
• talamh earth, so Irish, Old Irish talam, g. talman: *talmon-, for tl@.-mon, root tel; Latin tellus, earth (for te@-lo@-/s), *tГЄl, flat; Greek @GtclРЅa, a board; Anglo-Saxon thelu, board (root te@-l); Sanskrit talas, level ground; Church Slavonic ti@ulo, pavement (root tl@.). Stokes joins here Celtic talo-s, brow, Gaulish Dubno-talos, Argio-talos (Pictish Talorgan), Welsh tГўl, brow, Cornish tГўl, Breton tal.
• tР°lan feats of arms, chivalry, Irish talan ( O'Br., Sh., etc.); See tР°lann for origin.
• tР°lann a talent, Irish tallann, Old Irish talland; from Latin talentum, English talent.
• tР°lfuinn a hoe; from tР°l and fonn.
• talla a hall, Irish alla, Middle Irish all; from Norse hall, hГ¶ll, English hall: allied to Gaelic ceall, q.v.
• talmaich honour (Carm.):
• tР°mailt an insult, offence, Irish tР±mailt, Breton tamall, reproach, root stemb, abuse, Indo-European sten@go, stamp, Greek @GstР№mbw, shake, misuse, abuse, @GstСѓbew, scold, English stamp (Stokes, Jubainville Rev.Celt. @+16, 365).
• tР°mh rest, Irish tР±mh, Early Irish tР±m: *tГўmo-, root stГўm, sta, stand, English stand, station, stamina; See seas. Usually tР°mh, rest, and tР°imh, death, are referred to the same root.
• tamhasg blockhead, brownie; See amhas. For termination, cf. С‰ruisg, tannasg.
• tamhladh a gulping movement (M`D.):
• tamull a while, space of time, Irish tamall: *to-ad-melno-, from melno-, linger, Greek @GmР№llw, linger (Stokes). See mall.
• tan
• time, an tan, when, Irish tan, an tan, Old Irish tan, intain, intan, quum, quando: *tanГў, time; Sanskrit tan, duration, tanГў, continually. root tan, ten, extend, as in tana, q.v.
• tana
• thin, Irish, Old Irish tana, Cornish tanow, Breton tanaw, but Welsh teneu: *tanavo-, thin; Latin tenuis, thin, tendo, stretch; Greek @GtanaСѓs @Gtanu-, long, stretched, @GteРЅnw, stretch; English thin, German dГјnn; Church Slavonic ti@unu@uku@u; Sanskrit tanСЉ.
• tР°naiste next heir, tanist, anything second, Irish tР±naiste, lieutenant, second in command, heir apparent, Old Irish tР±naise, secundus, imthanu, alternation, innimthР±na, talionem: *to-atn-, root at of ath, "re", Sanskrit at, also *at-s-men, of Р°m, time, q.v. (Strachan). Rhys (Celt.Breton@+2, 308) suggests connection with Welsh tan, till, Latin tenus, root ten (no root tГўn?).
• tancard a tankard, Irish tancР±rd; from English
• tannas, tannasg an apparition, ghost; from the root of tana?
• taobh a side, Irish taobh, Early Irish tСѓeb, tР±ib, Old Irish tСѓib, Welsh, Cornish, Breton tu: *toibos, root steibh, sti, stiff, standing; Latin tГ®bia, shin-bone (pl.); Lithuanian staibis, post, shin-bone (pl.), staibus, strong; Greek @GstifСѓs, strong; further English stiff, Latin stipes, log.
• taod a halter, cable, hair-rope, Irish tР№ad, a rope; See teud.
• taodhair an apostate, Irish taodhaire ( Lh., O'Br.):
• taodhal frequenting; See tadhal.
• taoghas
• the grave:
• taoig a fit of passion ( Sh., O'R.):
• taois dough, Irish taos, Early Irish toes, Old Irish tР±is, massam, Welsh toes, Breton taos: *taisto-, *stejesto-, root staj, concrescere; Greek @GstaРЅs (g. @GstaitСѓs), dough, @GstР№ar (g. stР№a@-tos for *sta@-jatos, *sta@-jn@.tos); Latin stГ®ria, a drop.
• taoitear oversman, tutor (Sutherland, etc.); from Latin tutor, English tutor. See saoitear.
• taom pour out, empty (vb.), a jet, torrent (n.), taoim, bilge-water, Irish taomaim (taodhmaim), taodhm (n.), Early Irish tСѓem, a jet, taeim, sentina, Old Irish tuismiud, delivery, *to-fo-ess-sem: *to-ad-sm-men, root sem, let go, from sГЄ, Lithuanian semiС‰, draw (as water), Latin simpulum, ladle (Stokes). Cf. Old Irish teissmim, I pour out (= to-ess-sem-im). Borrowing from Norse tСѓmr, empty, English toom, is not to be thought of.
• taom a fit of rage, Irish taom ( O'Br., etc.), Middle Irish taem:
• taosg a pour, rush, exact full of a liquid measure, Irish taosgaim, I drain, pour out, Early Irish tСѓesca, spilling, taescaire, a baler, pumper: *to-ad-sem-sko-, root sem as in taom?
• taosnadh horseplay (R.D.):
• tap
• tow or wool on the distaff, forelock, "busk a hook", (Arg.), Irish tap, tapР±n; from Middle English top, tuft of hair or flax, top, Scottish tap.
• tapaidh clever, active, so Irish, Early Irish tapad, suddenness, alertness, top, sudden; from the same root as obann (Stokes).
• tap-dubh
• tattooo (R.D.).
• taplach a wallet, repository, Irish taplaigh; for tap-lach, from tap, tow, etc.
• tarachair augur, so Irish; for tarathar. See tora.
• taraid
• truncheon or staff of authority (Hend.):
• taran
• the ghost of an unbaptised infant ( Sh., O'R.); for tacharan?
• tarbh a bull, Irish tarbh, Early Irish tarbh, Welsh tarw, Cornish tarow, Breton taro, tarv, Gaulish tarvos: *tarvos; Latin taurus; Greek @Ggau@nros (= @GtР±rfos); Prussian tauris, buffalo, Church Slavonic turu@u, auroch. Prellwitz thinks the Celtic not allied to Greek @Gtau@nros, etc., which he refers to the root tau, tu (stГ» gives English steer).
• tarcuis also talcuis, contempt. Irish, Middle Irish tarcuisne, Early Irish tarcusul:
• targadh ruling, governing, assembly (Lh., etc.), Irish targadh:
• targaid a target, Irish targР±id; from English
• targair foretell, Irish tairrghirim; See tairgneachd.
• tР°rladh it happened; See thР°rladh.
• tР°rlaid a slave, thrall; from English varlet?
• tР°rmachadh producing, originating, source, dwelling, Irish tСѓrmach, an increasing, a growing ripe for bearing, magnifying, Old Irish tСѓrmach, an increase: *to-for-mach, root mag, power (English may, might, etc.).
• tР°rmachan a ptarmigan, Irish tarmochan; English ptarmigan is hence (Skeat). Also tarman, from tarm, murmur (Carm.):
• tarmachan-dР№ white butterfly (Carm.):
• tР°rmus dislike of food: *to-air-meas; See meas.
• tР°rnach
• thunder-clap; See tР°irneanach.
• tР°rnadair inn-keeper; from Late Latin tabernator, tavern-keeper, Latin taberna, English tabern.
• tarp a clod, lump (Sh., O'Br., etc.), Irish tarp, tarpР±n; from Norse torf, a turf, sod, English turf.
• tР°rr lower part of the belly, tail, breast, Irish tР±rr, belly, lower part of the belly, Early Irish tarr, Welsh tor, Breton tor, Old Breton tar: *tarsГў, tarmsГў; Scottish thairm, belly, gut, English tharm, German darm, bowels; Greek @GtrР±mis, tail, entrail, hip joint. Stokes gives the Celtic *targsГў, allied to Latin terbus, back.
• tarrag a nail; See tР°irng.
• tarruing pull, draw, so Irish, Early Irish tairrngim: *to-air-rengim, from Early Irish ringim, hang, tear, from reng, a nasalised form of reg, stretch (see ruighe).
• tarraid also tРёarraid, sheriff officer, tipstaff (Dial.); See earraid.
• tarsuinn
• transverse, across, Irish tarsna, tarsa, trasna, Middle Irish, Early Irish tarsnu, across; from tar, across (see thar), and sainn of ursainn, q.v.
• tart
• thirst, Irish, Old Irish tart: *tar(s)to-; English thurst, German durst, Greek @GtР№rsomai, become dry; Latin torreo, burn, tostum (*torstum), English toast; Sanskrit tarsh, thirst, Zend taresh; Indo-European ters, dry.
• tartan
• tartan; from English, Scottish tartan, from French tiretain, linsie-wolsie.
• tartar noise; reduplication of root tar, tor in tС‚irneanach.
• tР°san
• tedious discourse or scolding, Irish tasanach, tedious, slow (Lh. marks it obsolete and queries meaning):
• tasdan a shilling; from Scottish testan, testoon, a silver coin of the 16th century with Mary's head (teste) on it, the "inglis testane" being worth 8 shillings Scots, English tester, worth 6d; originally so called from the coins of Louse XII. (1500) with his head (teste, French tГЄte, head) on them.
• tasgaidh depository, a treasure: "A thasgaidh" - Thou treasure; See taisg.
• tataidh attract, attach one to oneself, tadadh (inf.), taiteadh (Perth), tame: *tad-dam, root dam of aidich.
• tР°th cement, join (M`F., Lh.), Irish tР±thaim, tР±th, solder or glue, Welsh todi, construc, join: *tР±to-, *stГўto-, constitute, root sta, stand?
• tathaich visit, frequent, tendency to vomit (Hend.) Irish tathuighim, Middle Irish aithigim; formed form the prep. aith, back, rather than a compound of tiagaim as in imthich, our imich (that is, *ati-tig-, go back again). Stokes prefers root at, go, formerly discussed under tР°naiste.
• tathunn barking; See tabhann.
• tР№ a woman, femal, she, Irish an tРЅ, she who, an tР№, he who (O'Donovan says either means "he or she who" or "person who"), Old Irish intРЅ is(qui), indРЅ ea(quae), anРЅ id(quod): the article and the enclitic particle -РЅ, for which See nРј, and cf. tРј, he who.
• tРё , tРёa insipid, slightly fermented; from root of teas; cf. tepid.
• teabaid a taunt, repartee (Dial.), teab, a flippant person's mout (M`A.), teibidh, smart: "cutting", Early Irish tepe (to-aith-be, Stokes), a cutting, Old Irish taipe, concisio, brevitas: *tad-be (= to-ad-be), reduced root be, cut, imdibe, circumcisio, etc., root bi, bin, as in bean, touch, q.v.
• teach a house, Irish teach, Old Irish tech, teg, g. tige, Welsh ty, Cornish ti, Old Breton teg, tig, ti, now ti: *tegos, g. teges-os; Greek @GtР№gos, roof, @GstР№gw, cover; Latin tego, cover, tectum, house; English thatch, German dach; Lithuanian stГ«/giu, cover; Sanskrit sthagati, cover. See tigh for usual nom. case.
• teachd coming, arrival, Irish teachd, Old Irish techt, aditus, itio, Welsh taith, iter, Breton tiz, diligence, haste: *tiktГў, root stig, teig, as in tighinn, q.v. Some derive it from thig or tig, q.v. Hence teachdaire, messenger.
• teachd legal, lawful, Middle Irish teachta, tР№chta, Old Irish tР№chte, fitting, legalis, lex: *tenctio-, root, tenq, become, chance, produce, English thing, Lithuanian tenkС‰, chance, befaull, Latin tempus. Dial. form deic, cha deic, q.v.
• tРёachd, teuchd silly boasting (Arg.).
• teadalach slow, dilatory:
• teadhair a tether; from Scottish, English tether, tedder, Norse tjСѓГ°r, tjor, Swedish tjuder.
• teagair collect, provide, shelter, Irish teagar, provision, shelter, teagarach, warm, snug, teagairim, store, provide; cf. eagar.
• teagamh doubt, suspense; See theagamh.
• teagasg
• teaching, so Irish, Early Irish tecosc: *to-aith-cosc-, for which See caisg.
• teaghlach family, household, so Irish, Old Irish teglach, Welsh teulu, Old Welsh telu, Cornish teilu, familia: *tego-slougo-, from the stems of tigh and sluagh. The terminations -lach from *slougo-s makes abstract collective nouns, which are used for single objects or persons; as С‚glach, young man, really "youth", or "young-people", just as "youth" is also used in English as a concrete noun - "a youth".
• teallach hearth, forge, Irish teallach, Early Irish tenlach, tellach: *tene-lach, from teine, fire, and terminal -lach (see teaghlach).
• teallaid a lust or bunchu woman (M`F.):
• teamhaidh pleasant, Irish teamhair, pleasant, Tara, Early Irish temair, delightful, omnis locus conspicuus: *stem-ri-?
• teamhair
• time (Suth.): Latin?
• teamhall slight swoon or stun, Irish teimheal, darkness, Old Irish temel (do.), Sanskrit tР±mas, Lithuanian tamsa, Latin tenebrae, temere, rashly.
• teampull
• temple, church, Irish teampoll, Old Irish tempul, Welsh teml, Cornish tempel; from Latin templum.
• teanacadh deliverance, succour, teanacas, healing: *tind-ioc, from Рјoc, heal.
• teanchair pincers, smith's thongs, Irish teanchoir, tongs, pincers, Old Irish tenchor, forceps: *ten-cor, "fire-putter", from the stem of teine, fire, and cor, seen in cuir, put.
• teanga, teangadh a tongue, Irish teanga, Old Irish tenge, gen. tengad: *tengot-, from sten@gh, sting (English sting, German stengal, stalk), which is from zdn@.@gh, from dn@.@gh, whence Latin dingua, English tongue? Stokes (Academy, Oct 1891) has compared Latin tango (so Windisch, Scot.Celt.Rev., 34). Rhys has considered the probabilities of alliance with Welsh tafod, Cornish tavot, Breton toed, older teaut (*tebГўto-) in Manx Pray.@+2, 136-7.
• teann
• tight, tense, near to, Irish teann, Old Irish tend, Welsh tyn, tight, stretched: *tendo-; Latin tendo, I stretch, tentus, stretched (Stokes, Rev.Celt.@+13, 12f); in any case from root ten of tana. Foy gives sten; Norse stinnr, rough, hard. Cf. Greek @GstenСѓs.
• tearb separate, Irish tearbadh (O'Cl.), severance, Middle Irish terpСЉd, Early Irish terbaim, terbud: *ter-be-, Gadelic reduced root be, cut, for which See teabaid?
• tearc scarce, rare, Irish tearc, Early Irish terc: *ter(s)qo-s, rare, root ters, dry (as in tart); Latin tesqua (= tersquo-s), deserts.
• tearmann a sanctuary, protection, so Irish, Middle Irish termain, termonn, Welsh terfyn; from Latin termo(n), terminus, end, "end of race for life by reaching church lands" or Termon landes (Ducange).
• tearr
• tar, Irish tearr; from Middle English terve, Norse tjara.
• tРёaruinn save, escape, tРёarnadh (inf.), Irish tearnaim, Early Irish tР№rnaim, ternam, an escape, Р№rnaim, I escape: *es-rn-, root r@.n, English run?
• teas heat, Irish teas, Old Irish tess, g. tesa, Welsh, Cornish tes, Breton tez: *testu-, for *tepstu-, root tep, burn, heat; Latin tepeo, be warm, English tepid; Church Slavonic teplo, hotly; Sanskrit tap, be hot, Zend tap, burn. See, also from tep, teine, teth. Hence teasach, fever.
• teasairg save, deliver, Irish teasargaim, Old Irish tessurc, servo, dumesurcsa, defendo me: *to-ess-arc, root ark, defend: Latin arceo, ward off; Greek @Ga@'rkР№w (do.). See adharc.
• teasd die, Irish teasdaighim, die, fail, Middle Irish, Old Irish testa, deest, fails; *to-ess-tР±, from tР±, I am. Cf., for force, Latin desum.
• teasdam I preserve, help (Carm.):
• teasg cut, cut off, Irish teasgaim, Early Irish tescaim: *to-ess-sc, root sec, cut, Latin seco, English saw.
• teibideach irresolute: "halting, failing"; cf. Irish tebim, disappoint, fail, for which See theab.
• teich flee, Irish teithim, Early Irish techim, Old Irish teichthech, vitabundus, Welsh techu, skulk, Middle Breton techet, flee: *tekГґ, *tekkГґ, flee, Indo-European root teq-, flow, run; Church Slavonic teku, a run, Lithuanian tekС‰, flow; Sanskrit taki, runs, Zend taka-, course.
• teididh wild, fierce ( H.S.D.), wild fire ( M`A.):
• telg a fishing line: "a cast", from tilg, cast, Irish teilgean, casting?
• teilinn msical instrument, teilig, a chord (Carm.), Welsh telu or telyn, harp. Cf. seillean.
• teilleach a blub-cheeked fellow (Dial.); cf. meilleach.
• teine fire, Irish teine, Old Irish tene, g. tened, pl. tenti, Welsh tГўn, Cornish, Breton tan (in proper names also tanet): *tenet-, *tenos, Celtic root te, from tep, hot, as in teas, q.v. Not for *te(p)ne-, as usually said, which would give tР№ine now, nor *tepsne-, which would produce tenne now; teine-sionnachain, phosphorescence, teine-fionn, will o' the wisp (Suth.).
• teinn calamity, strait; an abstract nounn from teann.
• teirig fail, be spent, die, teireachduinn (inf.), Irish teiricim (O'Br.), Early Irish tarnic, it ended, from *tar-ic, transire (tar, across, and ic or nic of thig, thanig). Atkinson joins it with tairicim, arrive (= to-air-ic-), as in tР°ir, but the meanings scarcely suit.
• teiric hake, herring hake (Carm.):
• teirinn , tРёarn descend, Irish tearnaim, tСЉrnaim, Early Irish tairnim, Old Irish tairnnud, dejectio (= to-air-innud), from *endГґ, go, root end, ed, Indo-European ped, go (English foot, Latin pes, etc., Gaelic uidhe, q.v.).
• teirisi!
• the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow; See tairis.
• teirm a term, Irish tearma, earlier, tР№rma (Four Masters); from Middle English terme, from Latin terminus through French
• tearmasg, tiormasg a mistake, mischance; cf. eirmis. Here te may be for de, on the analogy of to, do.
• tР№is a musical air; See sР№ist for derivation.
• teismeid last will and testament; from Latin testamentum.
• teis-meadhon
• the exact or very middle; teis = to-ess, as in teasairg.
• teist
• testimony, Irish teisd, teist, Old Irish teist, Welsh tyst, Breton test; from Latin testis, English test, etc.
• teСѓ, teСѓdh make warm; from teС‚-, q.v. The Irish verb is teighim, inf. tР№aghadh.
• teС‚- warm, teС‚-chridheach, warm-hearted; *tepu-, Sanskrit tapus, hot, root tep as in teth. Cf. Keating's (Three Shafts, 282), teСѓ-ghrР±dhuigheas, qui ardentius amat, where Atkinson considers teСѓ a comparative.
• teС‚m a doel (Carm.):
• teС‚ma skilful, expert, teС‚m, cunning (Carm.):
• teth hot, Irish teith, comp. teotha (Gaelic and Irish), Middle Irish te, comp. teou: *teps (?), root tep, hot, as in teas. The Old Irish is tee, tР№, fervidus, pl. tР№it, from *tepents, g. *tepentos, Latin tepens.
• teuchd congeal, be parched, Irish teuchdaim, curdle, coagulate, Middle Irish tР№chtaige, frozen, Old Irish coiteichtea, concretionis: *tenkto-, from Indo-European tenq, firm, fast; English tight, German dicht, close.
• teud a string, Irish teud, tР№ad, Old Irish tР№t, fidis, Welsh tant: tn@.tГў, chord; Sanskrit tГўntu, tР±nti, cord: root ten, stretch, thin, as in tana.
• teugmhail battle, contest, disease, Irish teagmhР±il, a meeting, retribution: *to-ex-com-dhР±il, See cС‚mhdhail. In the sense of "disease", See eucail.
• teum a bite, sudden snatch, wound, Early Irish temm, Welsh tam, a bite Cornish tam, pl. tymmyn, Breton tamm: *tendmen, root tend, cut; Latin tondeo, shear, tineo, a worm; Greek @GtР№ndw, gnaw; Church Slavonic te@?ti, caedere.
• thР° is; See tР°. The aspiration is due to the use of tР° in relative sentences, where the t is intervocalic.
• thР°inig came, Irish thР±naic, thР±inig, ve@-nit, Old Irish tР±nic, rР±nic, ve@-nit, tГўnac, ve@-ni: *ananka, I have come - a reduplicated perfect; Sanskrit Гўnamca, has reached; Greek @Gc@'/negke, brought: root enk, nak (nank), attain, bring, for which See thig. The aspiration is due to the analogy of other perfects which follow do.
• thairis over, across, Irish tairis, Early Irish tairis, over it, him; from tar ( thar) and sР№ or Р№, he, it. The aspiration is, due to a suppressed, or supposed suppressed, do or a.
• thall over, beyond, Irish thall, Old Irish thall, tall: *t-all, Old Irish ol, quam, indoll, altarach, ultra, al, ultra; root ol, el, ol, Latin ille (= olle), alius. Also eile, other, which see. The form thallad stands for thall-ud.
• thalla come, come along, "age", thallaibh (pl.), Early Irish tallaim, take away, *talnГґ, root tel, bear (see tlР°th, tail, etc.). Also interjection: thalla! thalla! well! well!
• thar across, Irish tar, Old Irish tar, dar, Welsh tra-, over, trach, beyond, root ter, through, past, Latin trans, terminus; Sanskrit tar-, pass; Indo-European ter, pass through, bore. See tora, troimh.
• thР°rladh accidit, Irish tarla, Early Irish dorala, dorla, Old Irish tarla: *to-ro-la, the la being the remains of root plu, as in dol (Ascoli).
• theab nearly did (with inf.), Irish do theib sР№, he failed (O'Br.): "grazed" it, from *tebb, graze, cut, as in teabaid?
• theagamh mayhap, perhaps, Old Irish tecmaing, accidit, tecmang, eventus, do-Р№-cm-aingim, accido, for *to-ex-com-ang, root ang, near, as in cumhang, q.v. Meyer takes Old Irish ecmaing from ad-com-bangim, bang root of buain. It has also been referred to root mang, mag, English may, etc.
• thР№id will go, Irish tР№id, goes, Old Irish tР№it, venit, it: *to-Р№it, *entГґ, *pentГґ, go, reach, root pet, pent, go, fly, fall; Latin pet, seek, "fall on"; Greek @GpРЅptw, fall; Gothic finГѕan, English find.
• their will say; See deir.
• thig will come, Irish tigim, come, Early Irish tic, ticc, venit, Old Irish ticfa, veniet: *tСѓ-icc, from icc, *enkГґ, come, reach, root enk, nak, nank, attain, bring; Greek @Gc@'/negka, brought (= Gaelic thР°inig), a reduplicated perf. from @Gegk; Sanskrit a@-namГ§a, attained; further nank of adhlac and Latin nanciscor.
• thoir give, Gaelic, Irish tabhair, give thou, q.v. The Gaelic is for toir, a crushed form of tabhair, and this is aspirated on the analogy of bheir, gheibh, and especially of thug, its past tense.
• thud an interjection of dislike or impatience: Scottish hoot, hoot-hoot, Swed. hut, whence English hoot. The Gaelic is borrowed.
• thug bave, brought, Irish thug, thugas (1st pers.), Early Irish tuc, tucas, do-fuc, from uc, ucc, *ud-ge, from s- aorist *e-ges-s-t, *e-ges-s-m, root ges, carry, Latin gero, gessi (Zimmer, Zeit.@+30 156-7); whence also Welsh dug, he bore, Cornish duk, Breton dougas.
• thugad, thugaibh, thuige, thun
• to thee, to you, to him; for chugad, etc., q.v. Similarly thun is for chun, gun, gu, q.v thun with gen. is for chum.
• tРј any one, person, Irish tРЅ, person, an tРЅ, an tР№; See tР№, nРј.
• tРј intention, Irish, Early Irish tРЅ; ar ti = intends (Glenmassan MS.):
• tiachair perverse, ill-disposed, sick, a dwarf, Irish tiachair, perverse ( O'Cl., Lh., O'Br.), Middle Irish tiachair, troublesome, Early Irish tiachaire, affliction, peevishness:
• tiadhan a little hill, small stone, Irish tРЅadhan, a stone, testicle:
• tiamhaidh gloomy, lonesome, Irish tiamdha, dark (O'Cl.), Early Irish tiamda, dark, afraid:
• tiarmail prudent; cf. tРјorail.
• tibirt fountains (Uist; Hend.); See ++tiobart.
• tРјde
• time; from Icel. tРЅГ°, Scottish, English tide, Anglo-Saxon tРЅd, German zeit.
• tigh (for taigh), a house, Irish tigh, Old Irish teg, tech; See teach.
• tighearn , tighearna lord, master, Irish tighearna, Old Irish tigerne, Welsh teyrn, Old Welsh -tigern, Cornish teern, Old British tigernus: *tegerno-s, tegernio-s, root teg of tigh, q.v.
• tighil call when passing (M`A.); the t being as in tigh, the word seems a variant of tadhal.
• tighinn coming, Irish tighim, I come, Early Irish tiagaim, Old Irish tiagu, tРЅchtu (tРЅchtin), adventus: *tigГґ, *teigГґ, from root stei@gh, sti@gh, go; Greek @GsteРЅhw, walk; Gothic steigan, ascend, German steigen, English stair: Sanskrit stighnute, stride.
• tilg cast, cast out, vomit, Irish teilgim, Old Irish teilcim: to-es-leic, "let out", from the original of Gaelic leig, let, q.v.
• till, pill return, Irish tillim (Keating), fillim, pillim (O'Br.) (Ulster has till): *svelni-, turn round, Welsh chwylo, turn, revolve, chwyl, a turn, course, while (for which See Gaelic seal). Cf. fill.
• tРјm
• time; from the English
• timchioll around, a circuit, so Irish, Old Irish timchell: *to-imm-cell, from Indo-European qel, move, go; Latin colo, tend, celer, swift; Greek @Gpelomai, go, be, @Ga@'mfРЅpolos, attendant; Sanskrit cР±rГўmi, move, go. See buachaill.
• tinn sick, Irish tinn, Early Irish tind: *tenni-, root ten of tana, teann, teinn. Cf. Old Irish tinaim, evanesco, Latin attenuo, English attenuate.
• tinne a chain, link, piece of a column, Middle Irish tinne, flitch, Early Irish tinde, ring, link, bar, Old Irish tinne, chalybs; from the root ten of tana. Cf. Norse Гѕind, diaphragm.
• tioba a heap (Arg.); from English heap or Gaelic iob? ++tiobart a well, Old Gaelic tiprat (gen., Book of Deer), Irish tiobar, tiobrad, Early Irish tipra, d. tiprait, *to-aith-brevant-, Celtic verb *bervГґ, seethe, boil; Greek @GfrР№ar, @GfrР№atos, a well; German brunnen, English burn. See tobar.
• tiodhlac a gift, Irish tiodhlacadh, Early Irish tidnacul, Old Irish tindnacul, traditio, do-ind-naich, distribuit: to-ind-nank-, root nank, bring, get, Latin nanciscor, obtain; also root enk as in thig, q.v. Hence also tiodhlaic, bury, and adhlac, q.v.
• tiolam a short space, a snatch:
• tiolp snatch, grasp eagerly, Irish tiolpaim:
• tiom soft, timid, Gaelic tioma, tenderness, Irish time, fear, Early Irish tim, soft, timid, timme, fear: *temmi-, root tem, faint, Latin timeo, fear, English timid; Sanskrit tam, to faint, Zend tam, perish.
• tiomnadh a will or testament, Irish tiomna, Old Irish timne: *to-imm-ne, the n of ne being the remains of -Гўn-, mandare, mittere (Ascoli); cf. Old Irish adroni, deposuit, immerР±ni, delegavit, Gaelic Р°ithne, command, q.v.
• tiompan a musical instrument - a cymbal, Irish tiompР±n, tabor, cymbal, drum, Early Irish tiompan, a small stringed instrument; from Latin tympanum, a timbrel, drum (Windisch). The difference of meaning between Early Irish and Latin has caused some to doubt the connection; and Stokes gives the Celtic root as temppu-, a chord or string, Lithuanian tempiС‰, stretch, Church Slavonic te@?etiva, chorda.
• tiomsach collecting, bringing together, Irish tiomsughadh, Early Irish timmsugud: *to-imm-sag-, root sag as in ionnsuidh, q.v.
• tionail gather, Irish tionСѓlaim, Old Irish tinСѓlaim, tinolaim, do-in-ola, applicat: *to-in-o@-la-im, where o@-la is referred by Stokes to *oklo-, *polko-, joining, uniting, Ger fГјgen, to fit, fГјge, joint; Latin paciscor, bargain, bind; Sanskrit pa@-/Г§as, a knot, Zend paГ§, bind. Ascoli regards it as *to-in-od-lu, root lu, plu of dol, but *od-lu- would rather mean "go out", "go off". Welsh cynull, gathering, Cornish cuntell, Old Breton contullet, are, according to Ernault, borrowed from Latin contuli.
• tionnail likeness of any person or thing: *t-ionnail, from ionnan, like.
• tionndadh
• turning, Irish tiontodh, Old Irish tintuith, g. tintuda tintathigh, interpretes: *to-ind-sout-, root su of iompaidh, q.v.
• tionnscainn a beginning, devising, tionnsgal, ingenuity, Irish tionnscnadh, a beginning, device, plotting, tionsgiodal, managing, industry, Old Irish tinscnaim (= to-ind-scannaim), I begin, tindscetal, a beginning, root sqend, start, spring, Latin scando, ascend, Sanskrit skandati, hurry, spring. The Welsh has cy-chwyn, ortus (*sqenГґ). The form -scetal is for sqen-t- (?).
• tiop pilfer (M`A.); cf. tiolp.
• tРјor dry (as corn), kiln-dry, Irish tiortha, kiln-dried (Con.), Middle Irish tРЅrad, kiln-drying, Early Irish tРЅr, to dry; from the root of tioram (Old Irish tРЅrim).
• tРјorail warm, cosy, sheltered, Irish tРЅoramhuil, cosy; Welsh tirion, pleasant, a familiar abject; cf. Irish tРЅoramhuil, tРЅorthamhuil, homely, national, from tРЅr. Dr Cameron regarded it as taken from the root of tioram, which is ultimatley the same as that of tРјr. Borrowing from English cheerful is unlikely.
• tioram dry, Irish tirim, Middle Irish tirimm, Old Irish tРЅrim, tРЅr (vb.): *tersmi-, root ters, dry, as in tart, q.v. See also tРјr for phonetics.
• tiorc save, deliver from peril: *t-erc-, *to-arki-, root ark of teasairg, q.v.
• tiort an accident:
• tiosan water-gruel; from English ptisan, Latin ptisana, barley water, from Greek @GptisР±nc.
• tiot , tiota
• tiotan, a moment, while; cf. Irish giota, something small, jot, appendage, from Latin iota, whence English jot. Gaelic is t-iot.
• tРјr land, earth, Irish, Old Irish tРЅr, Welsh, Cornish, Breton tir, tellus, la terre: *tГЄros (*tГЄres-); Latin terra (*tersГў), Oscan teerum, territorium. The further root is ters, be dry, as in tart; the idea of tРЅr, terrГў, is "dry land" opposed to sea.
• tit an interjection expressive of wet being perceived suddenly (H.S.D.): English chut?
• tiugainn come, let us go; from deaspirated thugainn, "to us", for chugainn, q.v.
• tiugh
• thick, Irish tiugh, Early Irish tiug, Welsh tew, Old Welsh teu, obtuso, Cornish tew, Breton teu: *tegu-, thick; English thick, Norse Гѕykkr, German dick; Greek @GstegnСѓs, fast, tight.
• tiurr a beach out of reach of the sea; for an t-iurr, from Norse eyrr, a gravelly bank by a river or a promontory, Swed Г¶r, Danish Г¶rr. tiur, mark of sea on shore, tear, stamp (Carm.).
• tlachd pleasure, so Irish, Middle Irish tlacht: tl@.-ko-, "willing", from toil, will, q.v. Old Irish todlugud, petitio, tothlaigim, I desire, is from *tloq-, of altach.
• tlР°m
• teaze (wool), handful of wool. Strachan and Stokes give the stem as *tlagm (read tlГўg-s-m-) allied to German flocke, flock of wool, English flock.
• tlР°th mild, smooth, Irish tlaith (tlР±ith, O'Br.), tlath, Early Irish tlaith, Welsh tlawd: *tlГўti-, "long-suffering", from tel, bear, endure; Greek @GtlctСѓs, tlР±w, endure; Latin tollo, raise, tuli, lГўtus (for *tlГўtus), borne; English, Scottish thole.
• tlРјgheachd liquid, spume: t-lighe?
• tlus pity, tenderness, Middle Irish tlusach, wealthy, Welsh tlws, jewel (Stokes), Early Irish tlus (S.n.R.); from root tl@., tel of tlР°th, q.v.
• tnС‰th envy, Irish, Early Irish tnСЉth; from the root ten, stretch: "grasping"?
• to-, do- verbal prefix = to, ad, Irish, Old Irish to-, do-. Stokes compares Gothic du- to, from Гѕu (?). Welsh has du-, dy-, y, Cornish dhi, Breton do, da.
• tС‚bairt flux, diarrh@oea spasms: to-fo-od-ber-t, root ber of beir.
• toban wreath of wool or flax on a distaff; from Scottish tappin.
• tobar a well, Irish tobar, Old Irish topur, fons: *to-od-bur, root bhur, bhru, to well, boil; Greek @GfСЉrw, mix; Latin ferveo, well, English fervid; Sanskrit bhur, move quickly: further See root bhru in bruith, and bhrev in tiobar. Some have referred tobar to the root ber of inbhir, abar ( obair).
• tobha a rope, from Scottish tow, rope, English tow, pull, Norse tog, rope, Latin duco.
• tobhta, tota
• turf, roofless walls, knoll; from Norse toft, topt, a clearing, a space enclosed by roofless walls, English toft, tuft, and top.
• tobhta, tota a rower's bend; from Norse Гѕopta.
• toch hough or thigh of an animal: *t-hoch, from the Scottish hough.
• tochail dig, Irish tochuilim, tochlaim: *to-cladh; See cladh.
• tochar , tochradh dowry, Irish tochar, Middle Irish tocra, (acc.); cf. Old Irish tochur, placing, from cuir, put. The idea is "something assigned to one". Hence Scottish tocher.
• tС‚chd , tС‚ch an unpleasant smell, tС‚char or tР°char, dense volume of smoke (Arg.); root stou, as in toth.
• tС‚chd a disease of the eye in cattle; cf. Scottish hock (H.S.D.). ++tochmharc a wooing, so Irish, Old Irish tochmarc: *to-com-arc; See for root iomchorc.
• tocsaid a hogshead; from the English
• todan small tuft of wool (Lewis); Norse toddi, a tod of wool. So Badenoch.
• todhar manure, a bleaching, seaweed for manure, Irish tuar, a bleach-green, tuarachan, a bleacher:
• todhlair mastiff, better tobhlair:
• tog raise, togail, liftin, Irish tСѓgaim, tСѓgbhail, Early Irish tСѓcbaim: *to-od-gab-im-, from gab, gabh, take, q.v.
• togair desire, Irish togairim, please, choose, Gaelic inf. togradh, Irish togra: *to-od-gar, root gar of goir.
• toghaidh attention, care (H.S.D.); a variant of taidhe.
• toghlainn exhalation (M`A.); cf. tС‚ch.
• toithbheum reproach, blasphemy, Irish toibhР№im, blemish, reproach, Early Irish toibeim: *to-bР№im, from bР№im, that is, beum, q.v.
• toic wealth, riches, Irish toice; cf. taic.
• tС‚ic a swelling, a puffed up state of the face:
• tС‚iceil purse-proud; from tС‚ic.
• toichiosdal arrogance (Sh., O'Br.); See tostal.
• toigh agreeable, cordi (mihi est), docha, preferable, is docha leam, I prefer, Old Irish toich, acceptus, tochu, acceptior: *to-gus-, root gus, choose, as inn tagh. It has also been analysed as *do- sech, or *do-fech, roots seq, veq? Stokes derives this from *togi-s, root tag, take, Latin tango, etc.
• toil will, Irish toil, Old Irish tol: *tolГў, root tel, take, lift, endure; Latin tollo, tolero; English thole, tolerate, etc. See tlachd, tlР°th.
• toill deserve, Irish tuillim, Old Irish tuillim, atroilli, asroille, meruit, later do-sli, meruit, from sli (Thurneysen, Strachan).
• toimhseachan a riddle, Irish toimseachР±n, a riddle, measure; from tomhas, q.v.
• toimhsean good sense, toimhseil, sensible (Suth.); from tomhas.
• toinisg understanding:
• toinn
• twist; from Norse tvinna, twinne, twist thread, English twine.
• toinneamh
• the miller's share of meal for grinding (S. Argyle):
• tС‚ir, tС‚rachd pursuit, Irish, Early Irish tСѓir, Irish tСѓruigheachd, tСѓireacht: *to-fo-racht, root reg of Р№irich. Rhys agrees. Cf. Old Irish toracht, successus, processus (= to-racht), tРЅarmСѓracht, pursuit (*to-iarm-fo-racht). From Irish tСѓruighe, pursuer, comes English Tory.
• toirbheart efficiency, bounty, Irish toirbheart, gift, munificence; See tairbheartach for the roots.
• tС‚irleum a mighty leap; cf. Early Irish tairlingim, jump out of, jump off, alight, turlaim (inf.): *to-air-ling-, for which See leum. Hence tС‚irlinn, alight (M`A.).
• toirm a noise, Irish toirm, tormР±n, Early Irish toirm, tairm: *tor-s-men, root tor of torrunn. Cf. Welsh twrf, tyrfan, tumult, Lithuanian tarme@?, declaration. Cf. seirm, foirm.
• toirmisg forbid, so Irish, Middle Irish tairmiscim, prohibit, hinder: *tarmi-sc, from tarmi, the composition form of tar, across, and sc or sec, say, as in caisg.
• toirn, toirne a great noise, sound, Irish tСѓirn; root tor of torrunn.
• toirnichte foetid, "high" (Wh.):
• toirp a sod (M`A.); from Norse torf, English turf.
• toirrcheas conception (Bible):
• toirsgian a peat-cutting spade, toirpsgian (M`A.); a hybrid from Norse torf, turf, peat, and Gaelic sgian. Cf. Norse torf-skeri, peat-cutter.
• toirt respect, value, taste, Irish toirt, quantity, value:
• toirt giving; for tabhairt. See tabhair, thoir.
• toiseach
• the beginning, front, Irish tosach, Old Irish tossach, initium. See tС‚iseach.
• tС‚iseach a beginning, a chief, Irish toiseach, a captain, Old Irish tСѓisech, praestans, leader, Welsh tywysog, dux, princeps, Welsh Ogmic tofisac and tovisaci (Latin): *to-vessiko-s, root ved, lead, bring; Lithuanian wedС‰, lead, Church Slavonic veda@?, duco; Zend vР±dhayeiti, bring, lead. Old Irish has also do-fedim, I lead.
• toisg an occasion, opportunity, Irish toisg, circumstances, state, journey, business, Middle Irish toisc, business, Old Irish toisc, necessity: *to-sech, root seq, follow, as in seach.
• toisgeal
• the left, unlucky:
• toisgeal reward for finding a lost thing; See taisgeal.
• toit smoke, fume, Irish tСѓit, Middle Irish tutt, smoke: *tutto-, root tu, stu, English steam? See toth.
• toitean a little heap; from English tuft. In the sense of "piece of flesh", Irish tСѓiteР±n, this is from tСѓit, roast, smoke (see toit), scarcely to be derived from French tГґt, hastily roasted, from Latin tostus.
• tolg, tulg a hollow in metal, dent, Irish tolc, hole, crevice, Early Irish tolc, Welsh tolc. Rhys says Welsh is borrowed.
• toll a hole, Irish, Early Irish toll, Welsh twll, Breton toull: *tukslo-, root tuk, pierce, punch; Greek @GtСЉkos, hammer; Ch.Slavonic root tuk, pierce, is-tu@uknati, effodere, tu@ukalo, cuspis.
• toll-dhubh
• tollbooth, a gaol; from the English
• tolm a hillock of round form; from Norse hСѓlmr, a holm, islet, "inch", Scottish holm, English holm, Anglo-Saxon holm, mound, billow, German holm, hill.
• tom a hillock, Irish tom, Middle Irish tomm, Welsh tom, Breton das-tum, to heap: *tumbo-, hillock; Greek @GtСЉmbos, cairn, mound, English tomb; Sanskrit tunga, high, hight; further Latin tumulus. Welsh tom has been regarded as from the English tomb. But stom, Sanskrit stamba, "busch".
• tomad , tomult bulk; See somalta.
• tomh offer, threaten, Middle Irish tomaithim, Old Irish tomad, g. tomtho, minationes: *to-mat-, root mat, throw, Lithuanian metС‰, throw.
• tomhas measure, so Irish, Old Irish tomus: *to-mus, where mus (*messu-) comes from root met, mГЄ, measure; Latin mГЄtior, mensus, English measure; Greek @GmР№tron, a measure. Allied is Gaelic meas, q.v.
• tomult bulk; also tomad. Cf. somalta, large, bulky:
• tС‚n anus, Irish, Early Irish tСѓn, Welsh tin: *tuknГў, tГ»kno- (Welsh), root teuk, Anglo-Saxon ГѕeСѓh, English thigh, Teutonic *theuha- (Strachan, ATokes); from root tu, swell.
• tonn a wave, Irish, Early Irish tond, Old Irish tonn, Welsh, Cornish ton, Breton tonn: *tunnГў, root tu, swell; Lithuanian tvanas, a flood, tvinti, swell; further Latin tumeo, swell, English thumb. Stokes gives the Celtic as *tundГў, Anglo-Saxon ГѕeСѓtan, howl, Norse ГѕjСѓta, whistle (as the wind, etc.). Some have correlated it with Latin tundo, beat, root tund, tud, Sanskrit tud-, push. ++tonn ++toinnte, skin, Irish tonn, hide, skin, Early Irish tonn, skin, surface, Welsh tonn, cutis, Breton tonnenn, rind, surface, hair of the head: tunnГў, skin, hide, whence possibly Low Latin (9th cent.) tunna, a cask, "wine-skin", now English ton.
• tonnag a wonam's shawl or plaid; from Latin tunica. Cf. Middle Irish tonach, tunic.
• tora augur, Irish tarachair, Early Irish tarathar, Old Cornish tarater, Welsh taradr, Breton tarazr, tarar: *taratro-; Greek @GtР№retron; Latin terebra: root ter, through, as in thar.
• toradh produce, fruit, so Irish, Old Irish torad: *to-rad, from *rato-, root rat, ra, give, as in rath, q.v.
• toranach grub-worm, Irish torain, corn maggots (O'Br.), torР±n (Con., etc.); from tor, bore, as in tora?
• torc a boar, Irish, Old Irish torc, Welsh twrch, cor. torch, Breton tourc'h, Old Breton turch: *t-orko-s, from *orko-, in uircean, q.v.: Indo-European porko-s, swine, Latin porcus, Lithuanian parsza-s, English farrow. Stokes gives Celtic as *torko-s, Jubainvill as *turco-s.
• torc a cleft, notch (Carm.):
• torcan species of bere, biforked corrot, Irish turcan? (Carm.):
• torchar a fall, killing, torchuir (vb.), Irish torchair, fell, Old Irish torchar, I fell, doro-chair, cecidit, ara-chrinim, difficiscor, root ker, Sanskrit Г§ar, break to pieces, Г§r@.na@-/mi, break; See crРјon.
• torghan a purling sound; from tor of torrunn.
• tС‚rr a hill of conic form, heap, castle, Irish tor, tower, castle, crest, Early Irish tor, tuir, d. turid, a tower, Welsh twr, Cornish tur, Breton tour: *turi-, *turet-, Indo-European root tver, hold, enclose, Latin turris, Greek @GtСЉrsis, tower. Some hold that the Celtic is borrowed from Latin Gaelic tС‚rr, with rr, is possibly for torth (cf. *turet-). It also means "crowd" in Gaelic and Early Irish, and "heap" also in Welsh
• torrach pregnant, Irish torrach, pregnant, fruitful, Early Irish torrach: *torth-aco-, from *torato-, toradh, fruit, q.v. Welsh torwy big-bellied, has been compared, from tor, belly, Gaelic tР°rr.
• tС‚rradh (torradh, H.S.D.), burial, funeral solemnities, Irish tСѓrradh, watching or waking of the dead, Early Irish torroma, attending, watching:
• torrunn
• thunder, Irish toran, a great noise, Early Irish torand, thunder, Welsh tarann, Cornish taran, tonitruum: *toranno-s; Greek @GtСѓros, sound; Lithuanian tР°rti, say. Gaulish Taranis, the Gaulish Jove or Thor, and Gaelic tР°irneanach show an a grade of the root.
• tosd silence, so Irish, Old Irish tost: *tusto-, root tus, teus, whence Early Irish tСѓ, tua, silent; Old Prussian tussГ®se, silet, Ch.Slavonic tichu, silent; Sanskrit tush, silere, tushnГ®m, silently. tС‚s, calm = clos (Hend.).
• tosg a tusk; from the English
• tosg a hack, gash, dent (Wh.):
• tosg a peat-cutter (Dial.); from Scottish tusk in tusk-spawd (Banff), tuskar (Ork. and Sh.), tusk, cut peats. Cf. Shet. tushker, from Norse torfskeri, turf-cutter.
• tosgair an ambassador or post, Irish toisg, a journey, business. See toisg.
• tostal arrogance, Irish tСѓsdal, toichiosdal ( O'Br.), Old Irish tochossol, violation: *to-con-sal, from sal, leap (see tuisleadh)? Also toichiosdal.
• tota rower's bench, turf; See tobhta.
• toth a foul blast of vapour, also stoth, q.v.; See toit for root.
• trabhach (trР°bhach, M`F.), rubbish cast ashore, the grass fiorin; from trР°igh? Cf., however, drabhas. trР°ibheanach, bedraggled fellow (R.D.). Cf. Scottish drab.
• trabhailt mill-hopper (M`A.); possibly from Latin trabula.
• trachdadh negotiation, proposal, so Irish; from Latin tracto, treat.
• trachladh fatique; from Scottish trachle, draggle, fatiguing exertion.
• tradh a lance, fishing spear, Irish tradh, lance, treagh, spear; from the root tar, tra (see thar), through, Latin trГўgula, a dart.
• trР°igh
• the shore, Irish trР±igh, Early Irish trР±ig: *trГўgi-; See traogh.
• trР°ill a slave, Irish traill (O'Br.), Middle Irish trР±ill (not well known to glossographers); from Norse Гѕraell, English thrall.
• traille
• the fish tusk:
• trait , trС‚idht a poultice, cataplasm, rag, Irish treata (trР№ata, Con.), plaster:
• tramailt a whim (M`A.):
• trang busy; from Scottish thrang, English throng.
• traod one wasting away with sickness (Hend.); cf. Irish (Keat. traothaim, wear out, am weary.
• traogh ebb, Irish trР±ighim, traoghaim, Early Irish trР±gim, Welsh treio, ebb, trai, ebb-tide, traeth, shore: *trГўgГґ, from trГўg, Indo-European tragh, draw, Latin traho, etc.; See troidh for root.
• traona
• the corncrake, Irish traona; See trРёan-ri-trРёan.
• trapan a cluster, Irish trapР±n:
• trasd across, trasdan, cross beam, crozier, Old Irish trost, trabs, from tar, tra of thar. Cf. Welsh trawst, rafter, which Stokes and Loth think to be borrowed from Latin transtrum, as also Old Irish trost mentioned above. Scottish has trast or trest, beam, from early French traste, Latin transtrum.
• trasg a fast, Irish trosgadh, Old Irish troscud: *truskГґ, *trud-skГґ, root trud, distress, burden, Latin trГ»do, push, English threaten. See trod, trom.
• trР°th
• time, season, Irish, Early Irish trР±th: *trГўtu-, root tra, tar, through (see thar). Cf. Welsh tro, turn, time, Breton tro, occasion, round; English turn.
• tre
• through, Irish trР№, tre, Early Irish trР№, tria, tri, Old Irish tri, trРЅ, tre, Old Welsh troi, now trwy, Cornish, Breton dre, Old Breton tre, dre: *trei, *tri, root ter, pass over, through; Latin trans, across; Sanskrit tirР±s, through, over, Zend tarГґ (do.). See the root in thar, tora, troimh; also in English through.
• treabh plough, till, Irish treabhaim, Early Irish trebaim, inhabit, cultivate, treb, a dwelling, Welsh tref, homestead, Old Welsh, Old Breton treb: *trebo-, a house; Latin tribus, trebus, a tribe, English tribe; English thorp; Lithuanian trobР°, dwelling, building. Hence treabhair, houses, treibhireach, prudent.
• treabha a thrave; from Norse Гѕrefi, English thrave.
• treachail dig, treachladh (1) digging (2) fatiguing: *tre-clad; for (1) See cladh and cf. tochail; from (2) cf. Scottish trachle.
• treaghaid a darting pain, stitch, Irish treagh(d)aim, I pierce through, Middle Irish treghat, pangs, smart, treaglad, transpiercing; Irish treagh, a spear: "piercing". See tradh.
• trealaich lumber, trash, Irish trealamh, lumber, apparel, instruments, Early Irish trelam, weapons, furniture, apparel: *tre-lam; for lam, See ullamh.
• trealais
• the spleen (M`F.):
• trРёalamh indisposition (M`F.):
• trealbhaidh adult, grown-up (M`A. for Islay):
• treall , treallan a short space or time, Irish treall, Middle Irish trell, root ter, through, English thrill, pierce.
• trРёan-ri-trРёan corn-crake, Irish traona:
• treann cut (Carm.):
• treas
• third, Irish treas, Old Irish tress: *tristo-, from tris, thrice, Greek @GtrРЅs, Sanskrit tris, root tri of tri, three. Welsh trydydd, third, is for *tritijo-s. ++treas battle, skirmish, Irish treas, Early Irish tress. For root, cf. treasa. Welsh has trГ®n, battle, bustle, treis, violence.
• treasa stronger, Irish treas, strong, treise, stronger, Old Irish tressa, Welsh trech, fortior, Breton trec'h: *treksjГґs, fortior, root treg, streg, sterg, strong, English stark, Lithuanian stre@?gti, stiffen, Persian suturg (*str@.g), strong. Stokes refers it to the root treg, trag, draw, leap, as in troigh, traogh. See treun further; treasa is its comparative really.
• treasdach
• thorough-paced (of a horse); cf. Irish trosdР±n, a pace, jump; root treg, draw, walk, as in troigh.
• treasg refuse of brewed malt, groats, Irish treasСЉmha, dross, copper dross, treascach, draffy, Middle Irish tresc, refuse, offal: *tre-sco?
• treibhireach (treibhdhireach, Dictionaries), prudent, upright, Old Irish trebar, prudent, Middle Irish trebaire, prudence; from treb of treabh, q.v.
• trР№ig forsake, Irish trР№igim, Early Irish trР№cim, Welsh trancu, perish: *trankjГґ, abandon, root trak, push, press, as in dС‰rachd (Stokes).
• treis a while, space, also greis, Irish treibhse, dreibhse (O'Br.), treimhse (Con.); See greis.
• treis a while, space, also greis, Irish treibhse, dreibhse (O'Br.), treimhse (Con.); See greis.
• treisg, treisginn weaver's paste, trash (M`A., Arg.), Irish treisgin (con., etc.), dreislinn (Monaghan); cf. Scottish dressing.
• treodhair a smith's nail mould, Irish treСѓir, treoir; from tre, trem, through?
• treС‚ir strength, Irish treСѓir, conduct, strength, Middle Irish treorach, strong, Early Irish treСѓir, vigour: *treg-ri-, root treg of treasa.
• treС‚rich guide, Irish treСѓruighim, Middle Irish treoraigim: *trag-ri-, root trag of troigh?
• treubh a tribe; from Latin tri@ubus, a tribe. See treabh.
• treubhach valorous, strenuous, treubhantas, bravery; for *treuntas, from which treubhach is deduced. M`Kinnon (Gael.Soc.Tr.@+13, 341) refers it to treubh, tribe.
• treud flock, herd, Irish trР№ad, treud, Early Irish trР№t: *trento-, root trem, Latin turma, troop, Anglo-Saxon Гѕruma, heap, company (Strachan, Stokes). Windisch has compared Greek @GstratСѓs (*strn@.tos) to treud.
• treun brave, Irish treun, Old Irish trР№n, fortis, Welsh tren, strenuous, force: *tregno-, root treg of treasa, q.v. Stokes gives the Celtic as *treksno-, which would produce *tresno-, modern treann.
• tri
• three, Irish, Old Irish treРЅ, Welsh tri, Cornish try, Breton tri: *treis; Latin trГЄs (*trei-es); Greek @Gtrei@ns; Gothic Гѕreis, English three; Lithuanian try/s; Sanskrit trР±yas.
• triall going, journey, Irish trРЅall, Early Irish triall: *tri-all, "go-through", root ell of tadhal?
• trian
• third part, a third, Irish, Early Irish trРЅan, Welsh traian: *treisano-; See treas, tri.
• triath lord, chief, Early Irish trРЅath: *treito-s. Stokes compares Latin trГ®tavus, strГ®tavus, ancestor in the 6th degree.
• tric frequent, often, Irish tric, Early Irish trice: *trekki-, root treg of troigh (Stokes, Strachan).
• trid, trРјd
• through, by, Irish trРЅd, Early Irish trРЅt, per eum, id: *trei-t, from root trei of tre, through; the final -t is the demonstrative pron. to (English that, Greek @Gto); a pron. *em-ti, *en-ti (Stokes).
• trРјd rag, clout, stitch; "Cha'n 'eil trРјd air":
• trileanta
• thrilling, quavering; cf. Early Irish trРЅlech, song, Old Irish trРЅrech, song of birds. Cf. English trill, Italian trillare, Sp. trinar: an initiative word, English thrill is from the root tre, ter ( See tora), "piercing", which may also be the ultimate origin of the Gaelic words. ++trilis locks of hair, Irish trilis (obs.), Early Irish triliss; cf. English tress, from Latin tricia, trica, plait, Greek @GtrРЅha, in three parts, root tri, three.
• trill sand plover (Heb., Miss Freer):
• trРјlleachan, trРјleachan (drilleachan, M`A.), the pied oyster-catcher, sea-piet:
• trillsean (drillsean, M`A.), lantern, rush-light, a glimmer, Irish triliseР±n, torch, lantern, earlier trilsen, facula, trillsech, sparkling: "piercing", from tre, ter, as in trileanta?
• trinnseir a plate, trencher, Irish trinsiur; from English trencher.
• trioblaid
• trouble, tribulation, Irish trioblСѓid, Early Irish trР№blait; from Latin tribulatio, English tribulation.
• triobuail vibrate, quiver; from English tremble?
• trionaid a trinity, Irish trРЅonСѓid, trРЅonoid, Early Irish trРЅnСѓit, Old Irish trindСѓit; from Latin trinitГўt-, trinitas, a trinity, from tres, three. The Gadelic is developed from *trin(i)tГўti-.
• treubhas
• trews, trousers, Irish triСЉs, Middle Irish tribus, Old Irish trebus, breeches, Late Latin tubrucus (Isidor), tribuces (Du Cange), "thigh breeches" (D' Arbois); from Scottish trews, English trooze, trouses, now trousers, trunkhose.
• triС‰cair a rascal; from Scottish truker, trukier, a deceitful person, from Old French tricher, to trick, allied to English trick.
• triuchan a stripe of distinguishing colours in tartan:
• triuthach , triuth ( M`F.), hooping cough, triogh ( M`A.), a fit of laughing or coughing, Irish triuch, trioch: root pster of sreothart?
• trobhad come thou hither to me; opposite of thugad: *to-ro'-ad, *to-romh-t, "to before you"?
• trС‚cair mercy, Irish, Old Irish trСѓcaire, Welsh trugaredd, Cornish tregereth, Middle Breton trugarez, Old Welsh trucarauc, merciful: *trougo-karja, "loving of the wretched", from the roots of truagh and car, love.
• trod a quarrel, scolding, Irish troid, Middle Irish trot, quarrel, combat, trottach, quarrelsome: *truddo-, root trud, distress, bother; English threat, Norse ГѕrjСѓta, fail, lack; Latin trГ»do, push, English obtrude; Church Slavonic trudu@u, difficulty.
• trog raise, trogail, raising, Manx troggal, earlier trogell: to-ro-od-gab, that is to say, tog with the prep. ro inserted. See tog. Rhys (Manx Pray.@+2, 138) compares Early Irish turcbР±l, a rising (as of the sun): *to-for-gab-.
• trog
• trash (Dial.), busy dealing, trС‚g, busy dealing, from Scottish troke, to bargain, barter, trog, old clothes, troggin, pedlar's wares, English truck, from French troquer, barter, truck.
• trogbhoil grumbling ( M`A.), trС‚gbhail, quarrel ( Nich., trogbhail, Arms., Sh., O'R.):
• troich a dwarf; See droich.
• trС‚idht cataplasm, rags, shapeless worn shoe (Skye); See trait.
• troigh misspelt troidh, a foot, Irish troigh, Old Irish traig, g. traiged, Welsh traed, Old Cornish truit, pes, Middle Breton troat: *traget- (*troget-?), foot, root trag, leap, draw, Gaulish vertragos, greyhound; Indo-European tragh; Gothic @GГѕragjan, run, Anglo-Saxon Гѕrah, course; Latin traho, draw.
• troileis any trifling thing; founded on English trifles?
• troimh
• through, Old Irish tremi-, trans-, super-: *trimo-, from tri of tre. For the mi or mh, cf. roimh, comh-.
• trom heavy, Irish trom, Old Irish tromm, Welsh trwm, Cornish trom, Breton troum: trud-s-mo-s, "oppressive", from trud, oppress, distress; Gothic us-Гѕriutan, oppress, English threat; Latin trГ»do, push. See trod further. For other views, See Rhys' Lect.@+2, 114, Zimmer Zeit.@+24, 208.
• troman dwarf, elder, Irish tromР±n, Old Irish tromm, g. truimm; also Gaelic droman (M`A.):
• tromb
• the Jew's harp; from Scottish trump (do.), English trump, from French trompe.
• trombaid a trumpet, Irish trompa, L.Middle Irish trompadh; from the English
• troraid a spire, steeple (M`F.); founded on English turret.
• trosdail dull, seriously inclined, Irish trosdamhuil, serious, confident.
• trosdan a crutch, support, Irish trostР±n, crutch, pilgrim's staff, Welsh trostan, long slender pole. See trasd for root.
• trosg a codfish, Irish trosg; from Norse Гѕroskr, Danish torsk, German dorsch.
• trot
• trot, trotan, trotting; from the English
• truacantas compassion, Irish truacР±nta (O'Br.): *troug-can-, "expressing pity", from truagh and can, say.
• truagh wretched, pitiful, so Irish, Early Irish trСЉag, Old Irish trСѓg, Welsh tru, Cornish troc, miser, Breton tru, Gaulish TrГґgos: *trougo-, miser, root streug, rub, wear; Greek @GstreСЉgomai, am worn out, distressed; Church Slavonic strugati, scratch, distress, Lithuanian strugas, carving instrument; Norse strjСЉka, to stroke, German straucheln, stumble (Windisch, Prellwitz). Stokes refers it to the root of Norse ГѕrСЉga, press, ГѕrСЉgan, compulsion, Old High German drГ»h, compes. From Celtic comes English truant.
• truaill a sheath, so Irish, Early Irish trСЉaill: *troud-s-li-, root treud, trud, push; English thrust, Latin trГ»do. See further trod, trom.
• truaill pollute, violate, Irish trСЉaillim, Early Irish trСЉalnim, Old Irish druР±ilnithe, corruptus, @oellned, inquinatio, illuvies, Р№lnithid, violator, from Р№ln-, Old Irish as-lenaimm, pollue, Gaelic root len (le@-n, Ascoli), f@oedare (Latin lino, smear, as in lean?). Ascoli analyses truaill into der-uad-le@-n (der- intensive), while Thurneysen refers the tru-, dru- to the root of Latin trux, trucis. dru-es-lР№n (Stokes). Early Irish trСЉ, wretched, English throe (Stokes).
• trudair a stammerer, a dirty or obscene person, Irish trudaire, a stammerer (Lh., O'Br., Con.). In the first sense, the word is Irish; in the second sense, it is Gaelic only, and likely of the same origin as trusdar. Norse ГѕrjСѓtr, knave, bad debtor, has been adduced as its origin.
• truilleach a dirty or base person, filthy food: *trus-lic-, root trus as in trusdar? Or from Scottish trolie, a person of slovenly habits, trollop?
• truis
• tear, snatch, truss; from Scottish truss, to eat in a slovenly, scattering fashion (Ork.), Icel. tros, English trash. In the sense of "truss", the Gaelic is from English truss. Hence the cry to dogs to get out - truis!
• trС‰p a troop; from the English
• trus
• truss or bundle, collect, Irish trusdalaim, truss up, girdle, Welsh trwsa, a truss; from English truss, Old French trusser, from Late Latin tortiare, tortus, twisted. See also triubhas.
• trusdar a filthy fellow, filth; cf. Irish, Early Irish trist, curse, profligacy, Late Latin tristus, improbus.
• trusgan clothes, apparel, Irish truscР±n, trosgР±n, clothes, furniture; founded on trus. Cf. English trousseau from the same origin.
• truthair a traitor, villain; from Scottish trucker, deceiver, trickster? Or from English traitor? Cf. trudair.
• tu, thu
• thou, Irish, Old Irish tСЉ, Welsh ti, Cornish ty, te, Breton te: *tГ»; Latin tГ»; Greek sСЉ; English thou; Prussian tou; Zend tГ».
• tuagh axe, so Irish, Middle Irish tuag, Early Irish tСЉagach, hitting: *tougГў root teu@gh, tuq, hit, strie; Greek @GteСЉhw, fashion, @GtСЉkos, hammer, @GtukР±nc, flail; Church Slavonic tu@ualo, cuspis. Stokes prefers comparison with Sanskrit tuj, hit (*tug).
• tuaicheal dizziness, tuachioll (Sh.), winding, eddying, moving against the sun, left-about: *to-fo-cell (for cell, See timchioll, Irish tuachail, going, confused with *tuath-cell, "left (north) going"? Cf. tuaineal.
• tuaileas reproach, scandal, so Irish ( Lh., O'Br., etc.): *to-fo-less; from *lisso-, blame, discussed under leas-?
• tuailt, tubhailt a towel; Irish tudhoille; from the English
• tuainig unloose (Dial.); See tualaig.
• tuaineal dizziness, stupor, Irish toinР№all, swoon, trance (Dineen): *to-fo-in-el, root ell of tadhal? Or *to-fo-neul?
• tuaiream a guess, aim, vicinity, Irish tuairim; also tuairmse: *to-for-med-, root med of meas.
• tuaireap
• turbulence:
• tuairgneadh confusion, sedition, Irish tuargР±n, noise, discontent:
• tuairisgeul description, report, Irish tuarasgbhР±il, Middle Irish tСЉarascbal, description, Old Irish tuР±rascbaim, for to-for-as-gab-, root gab of gabh. guairmeis hit on, discover: *do-fo-air-mess; See eirmis.
• tuairneag anything round, a boss, tidy female, tuairnean, a mallet, beetle, Irish tuairnРЅn, mallet; cf. tuairnear.
• tuairnear a turner, Irish tСЉrnСѓir; from the English
• tuaisd a dolt, sloven, tuaisdeach, unseemly:
• tuaitheal wrong, left-wise, Irish tuaithbhil, Early Irish tuathbil; from tuath and seal: See deiseil for latter root and form. Irish has tuathal, the left hand, awkward.
• tualaig loose (Arms.), have flux, tuanlaig (n elided, Perth), tuanaig, tuama, a tomb, Irish tuama; from Latin tumba, English tomb.
• tuar food, Old Irish tuare: *taurio-, root staur, place, store, English store, Sanskrit sthР±vara, fixed: root sta.
• tuar hue, appearance; cf. Irish, Middle Irish tuar, an omen, presage: *to-vor-, root ver, vor, of fhuair?
• tuarasdal wages, so Irish, Middle Irish tuarustul, tuarastal: *to-fo-ar-as-tal, root tal, tel, take, lift, Middle Irish taile, salarium, Welsh tГўl, payment, Cornish, Breton tal, solvit; Indo-European tel; Greek @GtР№los, tax, @GtР±lanton, talent; Latin tollo; English thole. See tail, tlР°th.
• tuasaid a quarrel, fight, Irish fuasaoid, animosity, spite, Early Irish fСЉasait, "entwickelung", development: to-fo-ad-sedd-, Gaelic root sedd from sizd, si-sed, set, "set-to" being the idea? Root sed of suidhe. But cf. faosaid.
• tuasgail loose, untie, Irish tuaslagadh, releasing, Early Irish tuaslaicim: *to-fo-as-lР№c-im, from le@-c of leig, let, q.v.
• tuath people, tenantry, so Irish, Old Irish tСЉath, populus, Welsh tud, country, nation, Cornish tus, Breton tud, Gaulish Tout-, Teuto-: *toutГў, people; Latin Umbr. toto, state, Oscan tСЉvtСЉ, populus, Latin tГґtus, all; Gothic Гѕiuda, people, Teutonic, Deutsch, German, Dutch; Lettic tР±uta, people, Old Prussian tauto, land.
• tuath north, Irish tuath, tuaith, Old Irish tСЉath, left, north: *toutГў, *touto-s (adj.), left hand, left, "good", Gothic ГѕiuГѕ, good; cf. Greek @Geu@'w/numos, left hand, "good-omened". Rhys (Manx Pray. @+2, 62) suggests that the root is su, turn (see iompaidh): *do-hu@-th (*to-su-), "turning to"; Welsh aswy or aseu, left hand, being also hence - *ad-sou-i-.
• tuba a tub; from the English
• tubaist mischance, Middle Gaelic tubbiste (Dean of Lismore), Arran Gaelic tiompaiste, Irish tubaiste:
• tuban
• tuft of wool on the distaff; See toban.
• tС‰ch smother, become hoarse, tС‰chan, hoarseness: *t-СЉch; cf. Welsh ig, sob, hiccup.
• tudan a small heap or stack (dud, M`A.):
• tug brought; See thug.
• tugaidean witticisms (Dial., H.S.D.):
• tugha
• thatch, covering, tugh (vb.), Irish tuighe (n.), tuighim (vb.), Early Irish tuga, tugim, Welsh to, a cover, thatch, toi, tegere, cor. to, tectum, Breton to, tenn: *togio-, *togo-, root to@g, ste@g, as in tigh, teach.
• tughag a patch:
• tuig understand, Irish tuigim, Old Irish tuiccim, tuiccim, tuccim: *to-od-ges- root ges of tug. some have given the stem as *to-od-cesi, root qes of chРј; but this would give Gaelic tuic. Old Irish tuicse, electus: *to-od-gus-, root gus, taste, English gusto.
• tuil a flood, Irish, Old Irish tuile: *tuliГў, root tu, swell; Greek @GtСЉlos, knob, weal; Sanskrit tГ»la, tuft, English thumb, tumid, etc. ( See tulach). So Stokes Zeit.@+31, 235. The Old Irish root o@-l, to flood, abound, gives tСѓlam, a flood, imrСѓl, forСѓil, abundance, etc. The root pol, pel has also been suggested, as in iol-.
• tuilis overloading stomach (Carm.):
• tuille, tuilleadh more (n.), Irish tuille, tuilleadh, addition, tuilleamh, wages, addition, Early Irish tuilled, tuillem, addition, inf. to tuillim, enhance, deserve, as in Gaelic toill. Two words are mixed: to-eln-, deserve, and to-oln, much, more, Early Irish oll, great, huilliu, plus, *olniГґs, root pol, pel, many, Greek @GpolСЉs, Latin plus etc. (see iol-). Stokes equates the Old Irish uilliu, oll, with Latin pollere, which is from *pol-no-, root pol as above (Wharton). The Gaelic syntax of tuille shows its comparative force in tuille na (more than) as well as tuille agus, Irish tuilleadh agus (addition and).
• tuimhseadh beating, thumping, tuinnse, a blow (Gael.Soc.Tr.@+15, 260), Middle Irish tuinsim, calco, tuinsem, bruising, *to-ud-nessim (Str.); founded on Latin tundo, beat. Stokes queries if cognate.
• tuineadh an abode, possession, Irish tuinidhe, possession (O'Cl.), Early Irish tunide; also tuineadh (Irish and Gaelic): *to-nes-, root nes as in cС‚mhnuidh, q.v.
• tuinneasach deathful, Irish tuinneamh, tuineamh, death:
• tuinnidh firm hard, Irish tuinnidhe ( O'Br., Sh.), immovable, clocha tuinnidhe; from tuineadh, the idea being "settled, fixed".
• tuir relate, tuireadh, relating, Irish tuirtheachda, relation, rehearsal, Early Irish turthiud, pl. tuirtheta, tale, from ret, run (as in ruith). Cf. aithris, Early Irish tuirem, reciting, is from *to-rРЅm, root ri@-m, number (as in Р°ireamh).
• tuireadh a dirge, lamentation, Irish tuireamh, dirge, elegy; for root See tuirse.
• tuireann a spark of fire from an anvil, Irish tuireann (O'Br., etc.), Early Irish turend (?): *to-rind? For rind, See reannag.
• tuireasg a saw, Irish tuiriosg, Early Irish turesc: *tar-thesc, from teasg, cut, q.v.
• tuirl , tuirling descend, Irish tuirlingim, Early Irish tairlingim, Old Irish doarblaing, desilit *to-air-ling-; for ling, jump, See leum.
• tuirse sadness, Irish tuirse, Middle Irish tor, sad, Early Irish toirsi, torsi, Old Irish toris, toirsech, tristis; root tor, ter, tre, Latin tristis, sad.
• tС‰is incense, Irish, Middle Irish, Early Irish tСЉis; from Latin tu@-s, Greek @GqСЉos.
• tuisleadh a stumbling, fall, so Irish, Old Irish tuisled, prolapsio, tuisel, casus, dofuislim, labo: *to-fo-ess-sal-im, root sal, spring; Latin salio, leap, dance, English insult; Greek @Ga@`/llomai, leap; cf. Lithuanian sele@?/ti, glide, creep. Ascoli analyses it into *to-fo-isl-, where isl is what remains of РЅsel or Рјosal, low.
• tuit fall, Irish tuitim, Old Irish tuitim, inf. tutimm, acc.pl. totman, also tothimm, *tod-tim, Gadelic root -tim-, Welsh codwm, a fall (cf. Irish cudaim), codymu, cadere, Cornish codha; cf. English tumble, Greek tomber, fall. Usually explained as *to-fo-thР№t-, from thР№id, which would naturally be tuid in Gaelic, even granting that the crasis of -ofothР№- simply landed in -ui-, not to mention the inf. in preserved m (tuiteam). Root tud (Thurneysen); to-ud = think.
• tul entirely, Irish tul (i.e. tuile, O'Cl.), increase, flood: an adverbial use of the root form of tuil, flood? Cf. Irish tola, superfluity.
• tul fire, hearth, heap (Carm.):
• tulach a hillock, Irish, Early Irish tulach; root tu, swell; Greek @GtСЉlos, knob, @GtС‰lc (u long), swelling, weal; Latin tumor, tu@-ber, a swelling; English thumb.
• tulag
• the fish whiting, Irish tullСѓg, the pollock; cf. pollag.
• tulchann, tulchainn a gable, posterior, Irish tulchР±n, hillock; from tulach?
• tulchuiseach plucky (Hend.):
• tum dip, tumadh, dipping, so Irish, Early Irish tummim: *tumbГґ; Latin tinguo, tingo, wet, English tinge, tincture; Old High German duncГґn, dip, ger. tunken, dip, steep.
• tunna a tun, ton, Irish, Early Irish tunna; Anglo-Saxon tunne, Middle English tonne, Norse tunna, German tonne; all from Latin tunna, a cask. Stokes (Bez.Beit.@+18), suggests borrowing from the Norse; Kluge regards the words as of Celtic origin. On this See ++tonn.
• tunnachadh beating, dashing; See tuimhseadh.
• tunag a duck, Irish tonnСѓg?
• tunnsgadh upheaval (R.D.):
• tur, gu tur entirely, Irish tura, plenty (tura namhad, plenty of enemies), Early Irish tor, a crowd (dat. tur); See tС‚rr.
• tС‰r a tower, Irish tСЉr; from Middle English tour, tu@-r, from Old French tur, Latin turris.
• tС‰r understanding; cf. Middle Irish tСЉr, research, examination, Old Irish tСЉirim, rotuirset, scrutati sunt, for to-fo-shirim, from sir, search.
• turadh dry weather, tur, dry (without condiment), so Irish, Early Irish turud, terad, adj. tur, dry, tair: root tor, ter of tioram?
• turag a trifling illness (as of a child) - Arg.:
• turaman rocking, nodding; See turraban.
• turcais
• tweezers (M`A.), pincers; See durcaisd.
• turguin destruction (H.S.D. from MSS.), Middle Irish tuarcain, smiting, Early Irish tuarcaim (dat.), hitting: *to-fo-argim, root org, Old Irish orgun, orcun, occisio, Old Breton orgiat, CГ¦sar's Gaulish Orgeto-rix: *urg-, root vr@.g, verg, press, Latin urgeo. Stokes suggests connection with Greek @Ge@'rР№hqw, tear; Bezzenberger gives Zend areza, battle, fight; Brugmann compares Sanskrit r@.gha@-yati, raves, rages, Old High German arg, what is vile or bad.
• turlach a large fire: *t-ur-lach, from Irish ur, СЉr, fire, Greek @Gpu@nr, English fire.
• turlach a bulky, squat person; See tС‚rr, turadh. Cf. Welsh twrllach, a rounnd lump.
• turlas small cupboard (Perth); See tairleas.
• turloch a lake that dries in summer, Irish turloch; from tur and loch.
• tС‰rn a turn, job; from the English
• turraban , turraman rocking of the body, nodding, grief (turadan, Sh.). Hence turra-chadal, a slumbering drowsiness, "nodding sleep":
• turrag an accident:
• turradh a surprise, taking unnawares (Skye):
• turraig, air do thurraig at stool (M`A.):
• turram a soft sound, murmur; onnomatopoetic. But cf. toirm, torrunn.
• turtur a turtle, so Irish, Welsh turtur; from Latin turtur.
• turus a journey, Irish, Early Irish turus, Old Irish tururas, incursus, aururas, properatio: *to-reth-s-tu, root ret, run (see ruith).
• tС‰s
• the beginning, Irish tСЉs, Old Irish tСЉus, tСЉs, Welsh tywys, leading; See tС‚iseach.
• tut interjection of cold or impatience; from English tut. See thud.
• tС‰t a quiet breaking of wind, stench, Irish tСЉt, Middle Irish tСЉtt, stench: allied to toit, q.v. Cf. Keating's tСЉtmhar, smoky.
• tuthan a slut (Arms., M`L.), Irish tСЉthan; from the root of the above word.

© «lexicons.ru», 2012. Автор и владелец - Игорь Константинович Гаршин (см. резюме).
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