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An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (B)

Домой:	Рус	Анг	Ита	Исп	Эсп

Здесь приведен этимологический словарь (на фонему B) гэльского (исконного шотландского) языка - пока на английском языке (см. английский словарный фонд).

B

• ba! part of lullaby; onomatopoetic. Cf. English baby, German bube, etc.
• bР°, bР°th foolish, Fernaig MS. bah: "deadly", (talky?), root ba@--, kill (speak?); See bР°s. Cf. Latin fatuus.
• babag tassle; See pab.
• babhd a surmise (M`A.), a quirk; from Latin faut.
• babhsganta, baosganta cowardly; See bodhbh; babhsgadh, fright, shock (Hend.).
• bР°bhun bulwark, enclosure for cattle, Irish bР±bhСЉn, whence English bawn, Middle Irish bСѓdhСЉn (Annals of Loch CР№, 1199); from bСѓ and dС‰n, q.v.
• bac hindrance, Irish bac, Middle Irish bacaim (vb.). See bac.
• bac a crook, Irish bac, Old Irish bacc, Welsh bach, Breton bac'h, Celtic bakko-s; *bag-ko-, Norse bak, English back. Hence bacach, lame, Early Irish bacach, Welsh bachog, crooked.
• bac-mС‚ine tuf-pit or bank (N.H.); from Norse bakki, a bank, English bank. Hence also place-name Back.
• bacastair baker, bacaladh, oven, Irish bacail, baker; all from the English bake, baxter.
• bacan stake, hinge, Irish and Early Irish bacР±n. From bac.
• bach drunkenness, Irish bach: from Latin Bacchus.
• bachall shepherd's crook, crozier, Irish bachul, Old Irish bachall, Welsh bagl, crutch; from Latin baculum, staff; Greek @GbaktcriР±, English bacteria. Bachull gille, slovenly fellow (M`D.).
• bachar acorn, "Molucca bean", Irish bachar; forrowed from or allied to Latin baccar, Greek @GbР±kkaris, nard.
• bachlag a shoot, a curl, Irish bachlСѓg; from bachall (Thurneysen).
• bachoid the boss of a shield, Irish bocoide, bosses of shields; from Late Latin buccatus, Latin bucca, cheek. See bucaid.
• bad a cluster, thicket; cf. Breton bot, bod, bunch of grapes, thicket; common in Breton and Scotch place names; probably a Pictish word. Cf. English bud, earlier bodde. Cf. Latin fascis (*faГ°-scis), *faГ°-sk-, Norse, English bast?
• badhal a wandering, bР°dharan; possibly from the root ba, go, as in bothar, q.v. H.S.D. suggests bР°+dol.
• bР°dhan a churchyard (Sutherland), i.e. "enclosure", same as bР°bhun.
• bР°dhar (H.S.D.), badhar (Carm.), placenta of cow:
• bag a bag; from the English
• bagaid a cluster, troop, Welsh bagad, Breton bogod; from Latin bacca (Thurneysen, Ernault).
• bagaire a glutton; from bag in the sence of "belly".
• bagair threaten, so Irish, Early Irish bacur, a threat. The Welsh bygwl, a threat, etc., is scarcely allied, for it comes from bwg, a spectre, bogie, whence possibly the English words bogie, boggle, etc. Gaelic bagair may be allied with the root underlying bac; possibly bag-gar-, "cry-back".
• bagaisde baggage, lumber (of a person) (Wh.), from baggage.
• bР°gh a bay, Irish bР±dh; from English bay, Romance baja.
• baghan a stomach ( baoghan, with ao short). Dial. maghan (Sutherland); cf. English maw, German magen, Norse magi.
• baibeil lying, given to fables; from English babble.
• baideal tower, battlement, ensign, badealach, bannered; from Middle English battle, battlement, which is of the same origin as battlement.
• bР°idh love, Irish bР±idhe, Middle Irish bР±ide, bР±de, *bГўdi-s (Stokes). Cf. Greek @Gfw/tion, friendly (Hes.), for fw/qion; root bha@-, whence Greek @Gfw/s, man.
• baidreag a ragged garment; See paidreag.
• bР°idse musician's fee; from the English batch?
• baigeir a beggar; from English
• baigileis looe lumber or baggage (Argyle); from baggage.
• bail thrift, Irish bail, success, careful collection, Middle Irish bail, goodness, Early Irish bulid: @Gfulla; Indo-European root bhel, swell, increase. See buil, bile. Hence baileach. Cf. adhbhal, @GbР№lteros.
• bailbheag a corn poppy; also beilbheag, mealbhag, meilbheag.
• bailc a ridge, beam, Welsh balc, from English balk.
• bailc seasonable rain, showers:
• bailceach strong, a strong man, Early Irish balc, strong, Welsh balch, (Stokes). Likely a Celtic bal-ko-, root bal, as in bail. So Ost.; Sanskrit balam, strength ( adhbhal), Greek @GbР№lteros; Wh. St. boliji@u, greater; Latin debilis.
• baile town, township, Irish, Early Irish baile, *balio-s, a pre-Celtic bhv-alio-, root bhu-, be; Gr, fwleСѓs, a lair; Norse bСѓl, a "bally", further English build, booth.
• baileach excessive; See bail. Also buileach.
• bР°ilisdeir babbler, founded on English Scandinavian balderdash.
• bР°illidh a magistrate, balie; from Scottish bailzie (English bailiff), French bailli.
• baineasag a ferret, Irish baineasСѓg; bР±n+neas, "white weasel", q.v.
• bР°inidh madness, fury, Irish bР±inidhe; Irish mainigh (O'Br.), from Latin mania; See bР°.
• bainisg a little old woman, female satirist (Carm.) = ban=Р№isg; from ban, bean, q.v.
• bainne milk, Irish, Middle Irish bainne; also boinne, milk (Sutherland), a drop, Irish, Middle Irish bainne, milk. Old Irish banne, drop Cornish, Breton banne, gutta; root bha; Old Slavonic banja, bath; English bath, etc.
• bР°ir a game, goal, Irish bР±ire, hurling match, goal, Middle Irish bР±ire: *bag-ro-, root ba@-g-, strive; See arabhaig. bР°ireach, a ball.
• baircinn side timbers of a house (Sh.):
• baireachd quarrelling (Carm.); cf. bР°irseag. ++bairghin
• bread, cake, Irish bairghean, Early Irish bargen, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton bara, panis, *bargo-; Latin ferctum, oblation cake; Anglo-Saxon byrgan, to taste, Norse bergja, taste.
• bР°irich lowing; root of bСѓ, cow. Cf. bС‰irich.
• bР°irig bestow; from English ware, as also bathar.
• bР°irleigeadh, bР°irneigeadh warning, summonsl; from the English warning.
• bР°irlinn rooling wave, billow; bР°ir-linn, from
• ++bР°ir wave, borrowed from Norse bР±ra, wave, billow. For linne, See that word.
• bР°irneach a limpet, Irish bР±irneach (Fol.), Welsh brenig, Cornish brennic: from Middle English bernekke, now barnacle, from Medieval Latin bernaca. Stokes takes bР°irnech from barenn, rock, as Greek lepР±s, limpet, is allied to lР№pas, rock.
• bР°irneachd judgment (Sh.), Irish, Welsh, Breton barn, root ber in brР°th, q.v.
• bР°irseag a scold (Sh.), Irish bairseach, Middle Irish bairsecha, foolish talk, bara, wrath, Welsh bГўr, wrath. Stokes refers bara to the same origin as Latin ferio, I strike, Norse berja, smite, etc.
• baisceall a wild person (Sh.); Middle Irish basgell (i. geltan, boiscell; root in bР°, foolish? +ciall.
• baiseach a heavy shower, Irish bР±isdeach, rain, bais, water; cf. Old Irish baithis, baptism, which may be borrowed from Latin baptisma (Windish). The root here is bad, of bР°th, drown. Irish baiseach, raining (Clare), from baisteadh, Latin baptisma (Zim.).
• baist baptise, Irish baisd, Old Irish baitsim, from Latin baptizo, which is from Greek @GbaptРЅzw, dip.
• baiteal a battle; from English battle.
• balach clown, lad, Irish balach, clown, churl; cf. Sanskrit ba@-lakas, a little boy, from ba@-la, young. But cf. Welsh bala, budding, root bhel. Rathlin Irish bachlach.
• balaiste ballast; from the English
• balbh dumb, so Irish, Early Irish balb; borrowed from Latin balbus.
• balc ridge, etc.; See bailc. Also "calf of leg" (Wh.).
• balc misdeed:
• balcach splay-footed (H.S.D.). Cf. Greek @GfolkСѓs, bandy-legged(?).
• balg belly, bag, Irish bolg, Old Irish bolc, Welsh bol, boly, belly, Cornish bol, Gaulish bulga (Festus), sacculus; Gothic balgs, wine-skin, Norse belgr, skin, bellows, English belly.
• balgair a fox:
• balgum mouthful, Middle Gaelic bolgama (pl.), Irish blogam; from balg. Cf. Old Irish bolc uisce, a bubble.
• ball a member, Irish, Old Irish ball; Greek @GfallСѓs; English phallus; root bhel, swell.
• ball a spot, Irish, Middle Irish ball, white-spotted on forehead (of a horse), Breton bal (do.). The Gaelic suggests a stem bal-no-, Celtic root bal, white, Greek @GfalСѓs, shining, fР±laros (phala@-ros), white-spotted (of animals); Indo-European bhe@-l: bhale, shine; whence English bale-fire. Stokes says the Irish ball seems allied to the Romance balla, a ball, English bale and ball(?). Hence ballach, spotted. Welsh bal, spotted on forehead.
• ball a ball; from English
• balla wall, Irish balla (Four Masters), fala (Munster); from Middle English bailly, an outer castle wall, now in Old Bailey, from Medieval Latin ballium.
• ballaire a cormorant; from ball, spot.
• ballan a vessel, tub, Irish ballР±n, Early Irish ballan. Stokes cfs. Norse bolli, bowl, English bowl, and says that the Gaelic is probably borrowed.
• ballart boasting, clamour; probably from Norse ballra, strepere, baldrast, make a clatter (English balderdash), German poltern.
• balt a welt: See bolt.
• bР°n white, Irish, Old Irish bР±n; Indo-European root bha@-, shine; Greek @GfanСѓs ( @G a long), bright; Sanskrit bhГўnС‰, light; further away is English bale (bale-fire).
• ban-, bana- she-, female-; See bean.
• banabachadh worse for wear (M`D):
• banachag dairymaid:
• banachdach vaccination:
• banair sheep fold; See rather mainnir.
• banais a wedding, wedding feast, Irish bainfheis, wedding feast, Middle Irish banais, g. baindse; from ban+fР№isd?
• banarach dairymaidl from ban- and Р°ireach.
• ++banbh a pig, Irish banbh, Early Irish banb, Welsh banw, Breton banv, bano, *banvo-s. The word appears as Banba, a name for Ireland, and, in Scotland, as Banff. M`L. and D. gives the further meaning of "land unploughed for a year".
• banc a bank; from the English
• bР°nchuir squeamishness at sea (H.S.D., which derives it from bР°n and cuir).
• bangadh a binding, promise (Sh., H.S.D.), Irish bangadh. (H.S.D. suggests Latin pango, whence it may have come.
• bangaid a banquet, christening feastl from English banquet.
• bann a belt, band; from English band. It also means a "hinge". Dialectic spann.
• bannag a Christmas cake; from the Scottish bannock. See bonnach.
• bannag corn-fan; from Latin vannus, English fan.
• bannal a troop, gang, Irish banna; from English band. Cf. Early Irish ban-dР±l, assembly of ladies. Also pannail.
• bansgal (Dial. banasgal), a female, a hussy, Irish bansgal, Early Irish banscР±l, Old Irish banscala, servae; root of sgalag.
• bantrach a widow, Early Irish bantrebthach, landlady: ban+trebthach, farmer, from treb in treabh, aitreabh.
• baobh a wicked woman, witch, Irish badhbh, hoodie crow, a fairy, a scold, Early Irish badb, crow, demon, Badba, the Irish war-goddess, Welsh bod, kite, Gaulish Bodv-, Bodvo-gnatus, Welsh Bodnod; Norse böð, g. boГ°var, war, Anglo-Saxon beadu, g. beadwe, *badwa- (Rhys.). In Stokes' Dict. the Sanskrit bР±dhate, oppress, Lithuanian bР±das, famine, are alone given. Also baogh.
• baodhaiste ill usage from the weather:
• baoghal danger, so Irish, Old Irish baigul, baegul; cf. Lithuanian bai-me@?, fear, bai-gus, shy, Sanskrit bhayate, fear.
• baoghan a calf, anything jolly; from baoth.
• baogram a flighty emotion (Dialectic); founded on baogadh, a dialectic form of biog, q.v.
• baoileag
• blaeberry; cf. English bilberry, Danish bГ¶llebГ¦r.
• baoireadh foolish talk; founded on baothaire, fool, from baoth, q.v.
• ++baois lust, so Irish, Early Irish baes, *baisso- (Stokes); compared by Bezzenberger to Greek @GfaidrСѓs, shining, and by Strachan to the root gheidh, desire, Lithuanian geidu, desire, Church Slavonic z@?ida, expetere, Goth. gaidw, a want. Possibly allied to Latin foedus, foul.
• baois madness, so Irish, Early Irish bР±is; from baoth (Zim. Z@+32 229) = bР±ithas. Cf. sgРјth, sgРјos.
• baoisg shine forth: See boillsg.
• baoiteag a small wite maggot; See boiteag.
• baol nearness of doing anything (M`A.); baoghal? Cf. its use in Fern. MS.
• baoth foolish, so Irish, Old Irish bР±ith, baeth; root bai, fear, as in baoghal; Cornish bad, Breton bad, stupidity, are not allied, nor is Goth. bauths, dumb, as some suggest. Hence baothair, fool.
• bara a barrow, Irish bara, Early Irish bara; from Middle English barowe, English barrow.
• barail opinion, Irish baramhuil, Middle Irish baramail: bar+samhail; for bar-, See bР°irneachd, brР°th.
• baraill a barrel, Irish bР±irille, Early Irish barille, Welsh baril; from Middle English barel, from Old French baril.
• baraisd, barraisd borage; Irish barraist; from the English borage.
• baran a baron; Irish barСЉn, Welsh barwn; from the English
• barant surety, warrant, Irish, Middle Irish barР±nta, Welsh gwarant; from Middle English warant, now warrant. So St.
• barbair a barber, Irish bearrbСѓir (Fol.), Welsh barfwr; from the English
• barbarra barbarous, Irish barbartha; from Latin barbarus, English barbarous.
• bar-bhrigein silver-weed (Arms.); also brisgean (from brisg):
• barbrag tangle tops, barberry; from English barberry. In Lewis, the former is called bragaire.
• bР°rc a bark, boat, Irish bР±rc, Early Irish barc, Welsh barg, Breton barc. These words are all ultimately from the Late Latin barca, whence throught French comes English bark.
• bР°rc rush (as water), Irish bР±rcaim, break out; cf. Middle Irish barc, multitude; Latin farcio, cram, frequens, numerous.
• bР°rd a poet, Irish bР±rd, Early Irish bard, Welsh bardd, Breton barz, Gaulish bardos, *bardo-s; Greek @GfrР±zw ( @Gfrad-), speak (English phrase.
• bР°rd dyke, inclosure, meadow, Irish bР±rd, a guard, garrison; from English ward, enclosed pasture land (Liddell 35).
• bargan a bargain, Welsh bargen; from the English bargain.
• bР°rlag a rag, tatter-demalion; cf. Irish barlРЅn, sheet, for braithlРјn, q.v.
• bР°rluadh a term in pipe music; from English bar + Gaelic luath.
• bР°rnaig a summons; from the English warning.
• barpa barrow, cairn (H.S.D., a Skye word). Cape Wrath is Am Parph in Gaelic (An Carbh, Lewis); from Norse Hvarf, a turning, rounding, English wharf.
• bР°rr top, Irish bР±rr, Old Irish barr, Welsh, Cornish bar, Breton barr, *barso-; Norse barr, pine needles, Anglo-Saxon byrst, English bristle, burr; Latin fastiguim (for farstigium, top; Sanskrit bhr@.shti, a point. Hence barrachd, overplus. bР°rrlach, refuse, flotsam (Wh.).
• barra a spike, bar, Irish bР±rra, Welsh bar, nail, etc.; all from the English bar.
• barra-gС‰g potato bloom, bud. See gucag. Also barr-guc.
• bР°rraisg boasting, brag, bР°rsaich, vain, prating; See bР°irseag.
• barramhaise a cornice (A.M`D.); barr+maise. Also barr-maisich (verb), ornament (M`A.).
• barrlait a check (Carm.):
• bas palm of the hand, Irish, Old Irish bas, bass, boss, Breton boz, *bostГў; Greek @Ga@'gostСѓs.
• bР°s death, Irish, Old Irish bР±s; Celtic root ba@-, ba, hit, slay, whence Gaulish Latin batuere (English battls, etc.); Anglo-Saxon beadu, war.
• basaidh a basin; from Scottish bassie, English basin.
• bascaid a basket, Irish basgaod, Welsh basged; from the English basket.
• basdal noise, gaiety; from Norse bastle, turmoil.
• basdard a bastard, so Irish and Middle Irish, Welsh basdardd; all from the English bastard.
• basgaire mourning, Irish bascarrach, lamentation, clapping with the hands, Middle Irish basgaire; bas+gaire, "palm-noise"; for baire, See goir. Also basraich.
• basganta melodious:
• basg-luath vermilion; from the obsolete adg. basg, red, Early Irish basc, and luath, ashes, q.v. Stokes cfs. basc to Latin bacca (for bat-ca), berry.
• bat, bata a stick, Irish bata; from Middle English batte, stick, now bat, which comes from Old French batte, from Gaulish Latin battuere, as under bР°s, q.v. The Breton baz seems borrowed from the French thought it may be native.
• bР°ta a boat, Irish bР±d, Middle Irish bР±t, Welsh bГўd; all from Anglo-Saxon bГўt, English boat, Norse, bР±tr (Stokes). K. Meyer takes Irish and Gaelic from the Norse.
• batail a fight; See baiteal.
• bР°th drown, Irish bР±thaim, Old Irish bР±dud (inf.), Welsh boddi, Breton beuzi; Indo-European @ga@-dh, sink, Greek @GbaqСЉs, deep, @G-bdСЉw, sink, Sanskrit ga@-has, the deep. Gl. fodio (Ern.).
• bР°th vain, foolish (Hend.); See bР°. Skye.
• bР°thaich a byre, Irish bothigh, Welsh beudy; bСѓ+tigh, "cow-house".
• bathais forehead, Irish baithis, pate, Early Irish baithes, crown of the forehead; *bat-esti-, from bat, Indo-European bha@-, shine, Greek @GfР±sis, appearance, phase. See bР°n further. Latin facies, face, appearance, may be allied, though the latest authorities connect it with facio, make.
• bathar wares; from the English wares.
• ++beabhar beaver, Irish beabhar (Lh.), Cornish befer, Breton bieuzr, Gaulish Bibrax; Latin fiber; English beaver, Anglo-Saxon bР№ofor. Gaelic and Irish are doubtful.
• beach a bee, so Irish, Old Irish bech, Welsh begegyr, drone, *biko-s; a root bi- appears in English bee, Anglo-Saxon beСѓ (=*bija), German biene (=*bi-nja), Lithuanian bitis. Stokes makes the Celtic stem beko-s, but does not compare it with any other language.
• beachd opinion, notice, Irish beacht, certain, Early Irish becht, bechtaim, I certify; *bhig-to-; Latin figo (St. Z.C.P. 71).
• beadaidh impudent, fastidious, Irish bР№adaidh, beadaidh, sweet-mouthed, scoffing; Early Irish bet, talking, shameless girl (Corm.): *beddo-, *bez-do-, root bet, @get, as in beul.
• beadradh fondling, caressing, beadarrach, pampered:
• beag little, Irish beag, Old Irish becc, Welsh bach, Cornish bechan, Breton bic'han, bian, *bezgo-; Latin vescus (=gvesgus)? Some have connected it with Greek @GmikrСѓs, Dor.Greek mikkСѓs, and Dr Cameron suggested Latin vix, scarcely.
• beairt engine, loom: See beart.
• beairtean shrouds, rigging; See beart.
• bealach a pass, Irish bealach, pass, road, Early Irish belach, cf. Sanskrit bРЅla, gap, mouth; bilako-n (C.RR. 174). Cf. Welsh bwlch, pass, etc? See bile.
• bealaidh
• broom, Irish beally/i (Lh. Comp. Voc.); cf. Breton balan, Middle Breton balazn, Old French balain; also French balai, older balain, a broom. This might be referred to the common root bhel, bloom (prolific as a root, like the corresponding root of broom, as in Welsh balannu, to bud), but the Welsh for "broom" is banadl, Cornish banathel, which Middle Ernault has compared with Latin genista, broom (root gen, beget?). Jub. gives Breton as banadlon (R.C.@+18 106). The Breton might be a metathesis of Welsh banadl (cf. Breton alan v. anail). It is possible that Gaelic is borrowed from the Pictish; the word does not appear in the Irish Dictionaries, save in Lh.'s Celt. part, which perhaps proves nothing.
• bealbhan-ruadh a species of hawk ( Sh., O'R.); for bealbhan, cf.
• ++bealbhach a bit, from beul, mouth?
• bealtuinn May-day, Irish bР№alteine, Early Irish beltene, belltaine, *belo-te(p)niГў (Stokes), "bright-fire", where belo- is allied to English bale ("bale-fire"), Anglo-Saxon bael, Lithuanian baltas, white. The Gaulish god-names Belenos and Belisama are also hence, and Shakespeare's Cym-beline. Two needfires were lighted on Beltane among the Gael, between which they drove their cattle for purification and luck; hence the proverb: "Eadar dР° theine Bhealltuinn" - Between two Beltane fires.
• bean wife, so Irish ben, Welsh bun, benyw, Cornish benen, sponsa, Celtic bena@^, g. bnГўs, pl.n. bnГўs; Greek gunc/, B@oeot. Greek banР±; Gothic ginГґ, English queen, Scottish queyn; Sanskrit gnГў.
• bean touch, Irish beanaim, beat, touch, appertain to, Old Irish benim, pulso, ferio, Breton bena, to cut, Middle Breton benaff, hit; *bina, root bin, bi (Old Irish ro bi, percussit, bithe, perculsus), from Indo-European bhi, bhei, hit; Church Slavonic bija, biti, strike; Old High German bГ®hal, axe; Greek @GfitrСѓs, log. Further is root bheid, split, English bite. Usually bean has been referred to Indo-European @ghen, @ghon, hit, slay; Greek @Gfen-, slay, @Gepefnon, slew, @GfСѓnos, slaughter, @GqeРЅnw, strike; Sanskrit han, hit; but @gh = Gaelic b is doubtful.
• beann top, horn, peak, Irish beann, Old Irish benn, pinna, Welsh ban, height, peak, Middle Breton ban, also benny, horn, pipe (music), Gaulish canto-bennicus mons, "white peak" mount; proto-Gaelic bennГў; root @gen-, @gn-, as in English knoll, Scottish knowe. In Scotch Gaelic, the oblique form beinn has usurped the place of beann, save in the gen.pl.
• beannachd blessing, so Irish, Old Irish bendacht, Welsh bendithl from Latin bendictio, whence English benediction.
• beannag a skirt, corner, coif, Irish beannСѓg; from beann.
• beantag a corn-fan; See bannag.
• bearach dog-fish (M`A.); Old Irish berach, verutus, from bior; cf. English "picked or horned dogfish"; "bone-dog".
• bearachd judgement ( Sh., O'R.); root bera, brГў, as in brР°th, q.v.
• bearbhain vervain; from English vervain, Latin verbena.
• bearn a breach, cleft, Irish bearna, Early Irish berna; Indo-European bher, cut, bore; Latin forare, bore; Greek @GfР±ros, a plough, @Gfarw, split; Armenian beran, mouth; Church Slavonic bar, clip; English bore. Also bern, fen in Early Irish
• beР°rr shear, Irish bР№arraim, Old Irish berraim, Old Welsh byrr, short, Cornish ber, Breton berr, short, *berso-; Greek @GfР±rsos, any piece cut off; root bhera, as in bearn.
• bearraideach flighty, nimble; from beР°rr?
• beart a deed, Irish beР±rt, load, action, Early Irish bert, bundle, birth; Greek @GfСѓrtos, burden; root, bher, in beir, q.v. Also beairt, engine, loom. It is used in many compounds in the sense of "gear", as in cais-bheart, foot-gear, shoes; ceann-bheart, head-gear, helmet, etc.
• beartach rich; from beart; Welsh berth, rich, berthedd, riches.
• beatha life, so Irish Old Irish bethu, g. bethad, Celtic stem bitГўt-, divided into bi-tГўt; See bith (i.e. bi-tu-) for root. It is usual for philologists to represent the stem of beatha as bivotГўt, that is bi-vo-tГўt-, the bi-vo- part being the same as the stem bivo of beС‚. While the root bi is common to both beatha and beС‚, the former does not contain -vo-; it is the Old Irish nom. beothu (*bi-tГ»s) that has set philologists wrong. Hence Gaelic and Irish beathach, animal. Irish beathadhach, dial. of beathach.
• beic a curtesy; from Scottish beck, curtesy, a dialectic use of English beck, beckon. Hence beiceis, bobbing, etc. (M`A.).
• beil grind; a very common form of meil, q.v.
• beil is; See bheil.
• beilbheag corn-poppy; See mealbhag. Also bailbheag.
• bР№ileach a muzzle, Irish beulmhach, a bridle, bit, -mhach for bach termination from bongim, beat; from beul.
• bР№illeach blubber-lipped, bР№ileach (H.S.D.); from beul. The first form suggests a stem bР№l-nac-. Cf. bР№ilean, a prating mouth. Also mР№illeach.
• beilleag outer coating of birch, rind; also mР№illeag, q.v.
• beince, being (H.S.D.), a bench; from Scottish bink; English bench. Cf. Irish beinse, Welsh mainc, Breton menk.
• beinn hill, ben; oblique form of beann (f.n.), used as a fem.nom., for beann sounds masculine beside ceann, etc. See beann.
• beinneal binding of a sheaf of corn, bundle; from Scottish bindle, a cord of straw or other for binding, English bundle; from bind.
• beir, bheir catch, bring forth, Irish beirim, Old Irish berim, Welsh cymmeryd, to take, accept, Breton kemeret (=com-ber-); Indo-European bher, whence Latin fero, Greek fР№rw, English bear, Sanskrit bharami.
• beirm, bairm (Hend.), barm, yeast; from Scottish barm (pronounced berm, English barm; Latin fermentum.
• beisear plate-rack on dresser (Rob.).
• bР№ist a beast, Irish bРЅast, pР№ist, Old Irish bР№ist, Welsh bwystfil; from Latin bestia (English beast). Also biast.
• beith birch, so Irish, Old Irish bethe, Welsh bedw, Breton bezuenn, Celtic betvГў, Latin betula, French boule.
• beithir a serpent, any wild beast, monster, a huge skate, Irish beithir, wild beast, bear, Early Irish beithir, Gaelic bethrach. In the sense of "bear", the word is, doubtless, borrowed; but there seems a genuine Celtic word betrix behind the other meanings, and the beithir or beithir bР№imneach is famed in myth. Cf. Latin be@-stia, for bet-tia? Norse bera, bear (fem.), beirfhall, bearskin, English bear (Zim. K.B.@+1 286).
• beitir neat, clean (M`F.):
• beС‚ living, Irish, Old Irish beСѓ, Welsh byw, Breton beu, *bivo-s; Latin vГ®vus, living, vГ®ta; Greek @GbРЅotos, a living; English quick; Sanskrit jГ®vР±, living; Indo-European @gei-, @gi-, live. See also beatha, bith.
• beСѓir beer, Irish beСѓr; from Anglo-Saxon beСѓr, Norse bjСѓrr (English beer).
• beС‚lach ashes with hot embers (M`A.); from beС‚ + luathach, "live-ashes". Another beС‚lach, lively youth, hero, stands for beС‚-lach; for -lach, See С‚glach.
• beuban anything, mangled:
• beuc roar, Irish bР№ic, Old Irish bР№ccim, Welsh beichio, baich, *beikkiГґ; Cornish begy, Breton begiat, squeal, baeguel, bleat, *baikiГґ (Stokes). The difficulty of the vowels as between Gaelic and Welsh (Р№ should give wy) suggests comparison with creuchd, Welsh craith, *crempt- (Strachan). Thus beuc, baich suggests benk-ko-, further gn@.k-ko-, root @gem, Latin gemo, etc. The same result can be derived from the root geng- of geum, q.v.
• beud mischief, hurt, Irish bР№ad, Early Irish bР№t, *bento-n; allied to English bane.
• beul mouth, so Irish, Old Irish bР№l, *bet-lo-, Indo-European @get-, whence English quoth, Gothic qithan. The idea is the "speaker". Some connect Welsh gwefl (=vo-bel), but this is probably *vo-byl, byl, edge (Ernault).
• beulaobh front, Early Irish ar-bР№laib, Old Irish bР№lib; dat.pl. of beul; also mixed with this is the Old Irish acc.pl. bР№ulu.
• beum a stroke, cut, taunt, Irish and Old Irish bР№im, nom.pl. bР№men, blow, from the root beng, bong, which appears in buain; cf. ceum from ceng-men, leum from leng-men. This agrees with Cornish bom, blow. Some suggest beid-men or beids-men, root bheid, English bite, which suits Gaelic best as to meaning. The favourite derivation has been *ben-s-men, root ben of bean.
• beur, beurra, beurtha sharp, pointed, clear; gibe, jeer (Hend.); cf. Irish bР№arrtha, clipped, from beР°rr; from berr-tio-s, with i regressive into berr, giving beirr.
• beurla English, language, Irish beurla, speech, language, especially English; Old Irish bР№lre; bР№l+re, bР№l, mouth, and the abstract termination -re (as in luibhre, buidhre, etc.).
• beus conduct, habit, so Irish, Old Irish bР№s, Breton boaz, *beissu-, beid-tu-, root beid, Indo-European bheidh, Greek @Gpeiqw, persuade, Latin fides, English faith. Others derive it from bhend, bind, giving bhend-tu- as the oldest stem. Windisch suggests connection with Gothic bansts, barn, Sanskrit bhГўsa, cowstall. The Breton oa seems against these derivations.
• bha, bhР° was, Irish do bhР±mar, we were (bhР±-), do bhРЅ, was, Middle Irish ro bСѓi, was, Old Irish, bСѓi, bР±i, bСЉi, a perfect tense, *bove(t), for bebove; Sanskrit babhu@-va; Greek @GpР№fu-ke; Indo-European bheu, to be, as in Latin fui, was (an aorist form), English be.
• bhР°n, a bhР°n down; by eclipsis for a(n) bh-fР°n, "into declivity", from fР°n, a declivity, Irish, Old Irish, fР±n, proclive, Welsh gwaen, a plain, planities montana, *vag-no-, root, vag, bow, etc., Latin vagor, wander, German wackeln, wobble. Irish has also fР±n, a wandering, which comes near the Latin sense. In Sutherlandshire, the adj. fР°n, prone, is still used.
• bheil is, Irish fuil, bh-fuil, Old Irish fail, fel, fil, root vel (val), wish, prevail, Latin volo, valeo, English will.
• bho from Irish Сѓ, ua, Old Irish, Сѓ, СЉa, *ava; Latin au-fero, "away"-take; Church Slavonic u-; Sanskrit ava, from.
• bhos, a bhos on this side; from the eclipsed form a(n) bh-fos, "in station", in rest, Irish abhus, Old Irish i foss, here, Old Irish foss, remaining, staying, rest. See fois, rest, for root.
• bhur, bhur n- your, Irish bhar n-, Old Irish bar n-, far n-, *svaron (Stokes), *s-ves-ro-n. For sves-, See sibh. Cf. for form Gothic izvara, Latin nostrum (nos-tero-, where -tero- is a fuller comparitive form than Celtic -(e)ro-, -ro- of sves-ro-n, svaron).
• bi, bРј be Irish bРЅ, be thou, Old Irish bРЅu, sum, bРЅ be thou, Old Welsh bit, sit, bwyf, sim, Middle Breton bezaff. Proto-Celtic bhv-ijГґ, for Old Irish bРЅu, I am; Latin fio; English be; Indo-European root bheu, be. See bha. Stokes differs from other authorities in referring bРЅu, bРЅ to Celtic beiГґ, root bei, bi, live, as in bith, beatha, Latin vivo, etc.
• bi, bigh doorpost, threshold (Hend.), Early Irish di bРЅ = two posts. M`A. has bРјgh, post, pillar.
• biadh food, so Irish, Old Irish, Old Irish biad, *bivoto-n, whence Welsh bywyd, vita, Cornish buit, cibus, Breton boed, food. bivoto-n is a derivative from bivo- of beС‚, living, q.v.
• bian a hide, Irish, Early Irish bРЅan, *beino-; root bhei-, as in English bite, Latin findo. For force, cf. Greek @GdР№rma, skin, from der, split, English tear. Cf., for root, bean, hit.
• biasgach niggardly; from biast. In some parts biast is applied to a niggardly person. H.S.D. refers it to biadh+sgathach, catching at morsels.
• biast a beast, worthless person; See bР№ist. The word biast, abuse, is a metaphoric use of biast.
• biatach a raven (Sh.); cf. biatach, biadhtach, a provider, farmer, from biadh.
• biatas betony, beet, Irish biatuis, Welsh betys; from Latin be@-tis, be@-ta, English beet. Also biotais.
• biathainne earth-worm, hook-bait, biathaidh (Dialectic); from biadh. Cf. Latin esca, bait, for ed-sca, ed=eat. The word biathadh in many places means "to entice".
• biatsadh provisions for a journey, viaticum; formed from biadh, with, possibly, a leaning on viaticum.
• bicas viscount (Arms.). Founded on the English, and badly spelt by Armstrong: either biceas or biocas.
• bicein a single grain (Arg.). From bioc, pioc? ( Wh.)
• biceir a wooden dish; from Scottish bicker, English beaker. Also bigeir, bigein.
• bРјd a very small portion, a nip, a chirp. In the sense of "small portion", the word is from the Scottish bite, bit, English bite, bit. In the sense of "chirp, a small sound", O'R. has an Irish word bРЅd, "song of birds". See bРјog. Hence bРјdein, diminutive person or thing. Cf. Welsh bidan, of like force.
• bideag a bit, bittie; from Scottish bittock, dim. of English bit.
• bideag a fence (Stew.), bid (Sh.), Irish bРЅd, bРЅdeР±n (O'R.), Welsh bid, quickset hedge, bidan, a twig; *bid-do-, root bheid, split?
• bidhis a vice, screw, so Irish; from English vice.
• bidse a bitch; from the English.
• bРјgh, bigh pith of wood, gum. See bРјth.
• bil, bile edge, lip, Irish bil, mouth, Early Irish, bil, bile, Welsh byl, *bili-, bilio-. Root bhi, bhei, split; cf. Sanskrit bРЅla, a hole, mouth of a vessel, etc.; vil, edge : Welsh also myl.
• bileag, bile a leaf, blade, Irish billeСѓg, bileСѓg, *biliГў, Indo-European root bhela, bhale, bhle@-, bhlo@-, as in blР°th; Latin folium; Greek @GfСЉllon, a leaf; further, English blade.
• bilearach, bileanach sea-grass, sweet-grass; from bile.
• bileid a billet; from the English
• bilistear a mean, sorry fellow, a glutton, Irish, Early Irish bille, mean, paltry. In the Heb. it means, "rancid butter" (H.S.D.).
• binid also minid (Arg.), cheese, rennet, bag that holds the rennet, stomach, Irish binid, Old Irish binit, rennet; *binenti-, "biter", root of bean? Cf. muinne, stomach.
• binn melodious, so Irish, Old Irish bind, *bendi, *bydi-; Old Breton bann (St.); Sanskrit bhandate, joyful, bhand, receive loud praise, bhandР±na, shouting (Stokes, who adds Latin fides, lyre). The idea may, however, be "high", root of beann, peak, binneach, high-headed. See binn also.
• binn sentence, verdict; *bendi-, *benni-; cf. Early Irish atboind, proclaims, *bonnГґ, I ban. Cf. Sanskrit bhan, speak, English ban. It is clear that Gaelic has an ablaut in e:o connected with the root bha, speak.
• binndich curdle; from binid, q.v.
• binnein pinnacle; from beann, q.v.
• bРјoball, pРјoball Bible, Irish biobla, Welsh bebil; from Latin biblia, English bible.
• biod pointed top; root in biodag, bidean.
• biodag a daggar, Irish bideСѓg (O'R.), miodСѓg, Welsh bidog, Old Breton bitat, resicaret, *biddo-, bid-do-, Celtic root bid, beid, Indo-European bhid, bheid, Latin findo, English bite, Sanskrit bhid, split. Hence English bodkin, possibly.
• biog, bРјog a start, Irish bРЅodhg, Early Irish bedg, Old Irish du-bidcet, jaculantur, *bizgo-, root bis, @gis, root @gi- of beС‚. Consider bРјogail, lively, quick.
• bРјog, biog chirp; onomatopetic; cf. Latin pipe, chirp, English pipe; also English cheep. Also bРјd, q.v.
• bРјogarra churlish; "cheepish", from bРјog, cheep.
• biolagach melodious (M`F.); from ++biol violin; from English viol, French viole, violin.
• biolaire water-cresses, Irish biolar, Early Irish biror, Welsh berwr, Cornish, Breton beler, *beruro-, Latin berula (Marcellus), French berle, So. berro. Possibly allied to the root of Celtic bervГґ, seethe, Old Irish tipra, well, Gaelic tobar, English burn. Cf. German brunnen kresse, water-cress, i.e. "well" cress. The dictionaries and old glossaries (Cormac, etc.) give bir, bior, as water or well.
• biolar dainty, spruce (Sh.); for bior-ar, from bior, "sharp"?
• biolasgach prattling, so Irish ( Lh. O'Br.); from bil, lip.
• bionn symmetrical (Carm.): Sc bien.
• bior stake, spit, Irish bior, Old Irish bir, Welsh bГЄr, Cornish, Breton ber, Celtic beru-; Latin veru; Greek @GbarСЉes, trees (Hes.); Lithuanian gРјre@?, forest. Hence biorach, sharp.
• biorach a heifer, colt, Irish biorach, cow-calf:
• bioras water-lily; same origin as biolar, q.v.
• biorg gush, twich, tingle; from the roots of biolar (bior-) and bior.
• biorraid a helmet, cap, Irish birreud, cap; from English biretta, from Late Latin birretum.
• biorsadh a keen impatience: "groading"; from bior.
• biorsamaid a balance; from Scottish bismar, Norse bismari.
• bior-snaois bowsprit of a sailing boat (N. Lochaber), forepart of vessel:
• biota a churn, vessel; from Norse bytta, a pail, tub, Anglo-Saxon bytt, Latin buttis, English butt.
• biotailt victuals, Early Irish bitР±ill, Welsh bitel, Middle Breton bitaill; from Old French vitaille, from Latin victualia. English victuals is from the French.
• birlinn a galley, bark, Middle Irish beirling; formed from the Norse byrГ°ingr, a ship of burthen, from byrГ°r, burden, vb. bera, English bear. The Scottish bierling, birlinn is from the Gaelic. Cf. feС‚irlig=fjСѓrГ°ungr.
• birtich stir up; from bior, goad.
• biseach luck; See piseach.
• bith the world, existence, Irish, Old Irish bith, Welsh byd, Breton bed, Gaulish bitu-, *bitu-s; root bi, bei, live, Indo-European @gei, @gi, whence Latin vivo, English be, etc. Hence beatha, beС‚, biadh, q.v.
• bith being (inf. of bРј, be), Irish, Early Irish beith, Old Irish buith. The Old Irish is from the root bhu (English be, Latin fui) = *buti-s, Greek @GfСЉsis. The forms bith and beith, if derived from bhu, have been influenced by bith, world, existence; but it is possible that they are of the same root @gi as bith. Stokes, in his treatise on the Neo-Celtic Verb Substantive, takes bith and beith from the root ga, go, Greek bР±sis (English base), a root to which he still refers the Old Irish aorist bР±, fui (see bu).
• bРјth resin, gum, birdlime, Irish bigh, Old Irish bРЅ, pix, adj. bРЅde, *geis-, a longer form of gis-, the root of giuthas, fir (SchrГ¤der). Otherwise we must regard it as borrowed from Latin pix, picis, whence Welsh pyg, English pitch, against which b and РЅ ( i long) militate.
• bРјth quiet (Arms.):
• bith- prefix denoting "ever", Irish, Old Irish bith-, Welsh byth-; from bith, world.
• biС‰c difficult utterance:
• biС‰thaidh foe, Irish bРЅodhbha, Early Irish, Old Irish bidbe, bidbid (gen.), culprit, enemy.
• biС‰thas fame, biС‰thaidh, hero; See fiС‰, fiС‰bhaidh.
• blabaran stammerer, Irish blabarР±n, from the English blabber, speak inarticulately. It is of onomatopetic origin. Cf. English babble.
• bladair a wide mouth, a flatterer, Irish bladaire, flatterer; from the English blatterer, bletherer, blusterer, blatter, prate; from Latin blaterare, prate. Also blad a wide mouth (M`F.).
• bladh fame, Irish blР±dh, Early Irish blad; root blad-, blat-, speak, as in Latin blatero, babble, Norse blaГ°r, nonsense, Scottish blether. See bladair. Cf. glaodh, shout. Hence bladhair, expressive, a boaster.
• bladhair strong, from bladh, pith, Welsh blawdd, active; *blГўd-; root bla@-, swell, bloom, as in blР°th, q.v.
• bladhm a boast, etc.; See blaomadh.
• blad-shronach, blad-spР°gach flat-nosed, flat-footed; blad- is from English flat.
• blaisbheum blasphemy; from Latin blasphemia, English blasphemy.
• blanndaidh rotten, stale; from Norse blanda, whey "blend".
• blanndar flattery, dissimulation, so Irish; from Latin blandiri, Scottish blander, English blandish. ++blaodh a shout, noise, Irish blaodh, Middle Irish blaeded, Welsh bloedd. Hence blaodhag, noisy girl, boaghan, calf's cry, etc.
• blaomadh loud talking, Irish blaodhmanach, noisy person; from *blaid-s-men; See ++blaodh.
• ++blaosg a shell, Irish blaosc, Middle Irish blaesc, testa, Welsh blisg; See plaosg.
• blР°r a field, battle, peat-moss; from blР°r, spotted, the idea being a "spot". See blР°r.
• blР°r having a white face, or white spot on the face (of an animal); bla@-ro-s, root bla@-, from Indo-European bhale, shine, bha@-; Greek @GfalorСѓs (second @G a long), having a white patch (on the head, as on a dog's head). Cf. Dutch blaar, a white spot on the forehead (Whence French blaireau, badger), Middle Dutch blaer, bald. See for roots bealltuinn, bР°n. Welsh has blawr, grey, iron-grey, which seems allied. This word enters largely into Pictish topography. It is not so used in Argyle (M`K.) nor in Ireland.
• blas taste, Irish blas, Old Irish mlas, Welsh blГўs, Breton blas, *mlasto-; mlasti, lick, be sweet-toothed, Russ. molsati@u, suck (Bezzenberger). Ultimately the root seems to be mel, as in meli-, honey, Gaelic mil, and even meil, grind. Hence French blasР№?
• blas-bheumnaich blaspheme (Hend.). See blaisbheum.
• blР°th bloom, blossom, Irish, Early Irish blР°th, Welsh blawd, blodau, Cornish blodon, Middle Breton bleuzenn, *blГўto-n; Indo-European root blela: bhlo, blossom forth; Latin flo@-s, flower; English bloom, etc.
• blР°th warm, kind, Irish, Early Irish blР±ith, soft, smooth, mlР±ith, *mlГўti; root mela, mlГў, to grind. The original idea is "ground soft". Cf. Welsh blawd, meal.
• blР°thach buttermilk, Irish, Middle Irish blР±thach; bla@--tac-, root mel, mlГў, as in blР°th. The idea is "pounded, soured". Cf. braich, from mrac-, "soured", and English malt, "soured", from melt. Hence Scottish bladach.
• bleachdair a soothing, flattering fellow, Irish bleachdaire, flatterer, cow-milker; a metaphoric use of blР°thach, "cow-milker", from bliochd, milk, q.v.
• bleagh milk (vb.), Irish blighim; See bleoghainn.
• bleaghan a dibble for digging up shell-fish, a worthless tool;
• bleid impertinence, solicitation, Irish bleid, cajolery, impertinence. This seems another word formed on the word bladair, blad, just like English blatant, blate (talk, prate).
• bleideir coward; from Norse bleyГ°i, cowardice, and Scottish blate(?).
• bleith grind, Irish bleithim, Early Irish bleith, inf. to Old Irish melim, I grind, Welsh malu, Breton malaff; root mel, grind, Latin molo, English meal, etc.
• bleoghainn milking, Early Irish blegon, inf. to bligim, mligim; Latin mulgeo; Greek @Ga@'-mР№lgw; English milk; Lithuanian mР№lz@?u.
• bliadhna year, Irish bliadhain, Old Irish bliadain, Welsh blydd, blwyddyn, Breton bloaz, blizen, *bleidni-, *bleido-; Indo-European @ghleidh, whence English glide: "labuntur anni" (Stokes). It is doubtful if Indo-European @gh becomes Celtic b.
• blialum jargon; from the Scottish blellum.
• blian the flank, groin, Irish blР№in, Early Irish blР№n, Old Irish melen, for mleen, *mlakno-; Greek @GmalakСѓs, soft (Strachan, Stokes). The meaning, if not the phonetics, is not quite satisfactory.
• blian lean, insipid, blianach, lean flesh; cf. Welsh blin, tired, Old Breton blinion, inertes. These may be referred to *@gleghno-, Lithuanian glez@?nus, tender, weak, Greek @GblchrСѓs, languid. See, however, the derivation suggested for blian, above. For the Brittonic words, Stokes has suggested the stem blГЄno-; Sanskrit glР±na, tired.
• bligh milk; See bleagh.
• bliochan yellow marsh, asphodel, Irish bliochan; from *blioch = *melgos-, milk. For phonetics, cf. teach, from tegos-.
• bliochd milk, Irish bleachd, Early Irish blicht, Welsh blith, *ml@.ctu-, root melg, milk. See bleoghainn.
• blРјonadh basking (Islands): "softening"? See blian.
• bliosan artichoke ( Sh., O'Br., O'R.), Irish bliosР±n: *blig-s-a@-n-, "milk-curdler"? Its florets were used for curdling.
• blob blubber-lipped (Sh.); from English blub, puffed, protruding, blubber, etc.
• blocan a little block, blog, block (Dialectic), Irish bloc, blocР±n; from English block.
• bloigh fragment, half, Irish blogh, blСѓgh, fragment, Early Irish blog, pre-Celtic bhlog; English block, further away English balk, Greek @GfР±lagx. Stokes refers it to the root of English pluck. (St. now English blough, German pflug).
• bloinigein any plant with crisped leaves, Irish bloinigain (O'R.); Gaelic and Irish bloinigean gР°rraidh is "spinage". Cameron refers the word to blonag, fat.
• blomas ostentation (Sh.). Irish blomas; See bladhm. Irish blamaire, means "boaster".
• blonag fat, Irish blonСѓg, blainic, blunag, Middle Irish blonac, Welsh bloneg, Breton blonek, *blon-, *blen-, root bhle, bhel, swell; a very prolific root. Rhys says Welsh is borrowed. R.C.@+17 102
• ++blosg sound a horn, Irish blosgaidhim, resound, sound a horn, Middle Irish blosc, voice; Welsh bloedd, a shout, from *blogГ°o-, for bloГ°go-; cf. mРёag, Welsh maidd. Zeit@+34 502. Cf. Greek @Gfloi@nsbos, din (= @Gflos-gos), Lithuanian blР±zgu, roar.
• bСѓ a cow, Irish, Old Irish bСѓ, Welsh buw, Old Breton bou-, *bov-s; Indo-European @gГґus, whence Latin bos, Greek @Gbou@ns, English cow, Sanskrit go.
• boban, bobug a term of affection for a boy; cf. Middle Irish boban, calf, bСѓban, from bСѓ. English babe, earlier, baban, of uncertain origin, may be compared.
• boc a buck, Irish boc, he-goat, Old Irish bocc, Welsh bwch, Cornish boch, Breton bouc'h, *bukko-s; Sanskrit bukka, goat. These may be analysed into bug-ko-, root bug, Zend. bГ»za, buck, Armenian buc, lamb, English buck, German bock.
• bС‚c swell, Irish bСѓcaim; cf. Welsh boch, cheek, from Latin bucca, puffed cheek (English debouch, rebuke).
• bС‚can hobgoblin, Irish bocР±n, Early Irish boccР±nach. With these are connected Welsh bwg (bwci, Cornish bucca, borrowed from Middle English?), English bug, bugbear, bogie; the relationship is not clear (Murray). For Gadelic a stem bukko-, from bug-ko-, would do, allied possibly to Norse pСЉki, a Puck, Anglo-Saxon puca, larbula. boc-sithe, apparition, ghost (Perth: Wh.).
• bochail proud, nimble; cf. the interjection ++boch Irish boch, heyday! "O festum diem".
• bochuin swelling, the sea (Carm.), boch-thonn (H.S.D.):
• bochd poor, so Irish, Old Irish bocht; *bog-to-, a participle from the vb. (Irish) bongaim, break, reap, Celtic bongГґ, break; Sanskrit bhanj, break, Lithuanian banga, breaker (wave). See buain.
• bocsa a box, so Irish, pronounced in Irish bosca also, Welsh bocys; from English box. Hence bocsaid, a thump, English box.
• bodach an old man, a carle, Irish bodach, a rustic, carle; *bodd-aco-, "pe@-nitus", from bod, mentula, Middle Gaelic bod (Dean of Lismore passim), Middle Irish bod, bot, *boddo-, *bozdo-; Greek @GpСѓsqc, mentula. Stokes suggests the alternative form butto-s, Greek @GbСЉttos, vulva, but the Gaelic d is against this. He also suggests that bodach is formed on the Old French botte, a clod.
• bodha a rock over which waves break; from Norse boГ°i, a breaker, over sunken rocks especially.
• bС‚dhag a sea-lark.
• bodhaig body, corpus; from the Scottish bouk, body, trunk, Norse bСЉkr, trunk, German bauch, belly. The Gaelic word has been compared by Fick with English body, Anglo-Saxon bodig, and Murray says it is thence derived, but the d would scarcely disappear and leave the soft g ending now so hard.
• bС‚dhan ham, breech, breast: *boud-@-no, *boud, bhud-; cf. English butt, buttock.
• bodhar deaf, so Irish, Old Irish bodar, Welsh byddar, Cornish bodhar, Breton bouzar; Sanskrit badhirР±.
• bodhbh, bobh a fright (Perthshire), Early Irish bodba, dangerous, *bodv-io-s; from bodvo- in baobh, q.v.
• bodht swampy ground:
• bog soft, Irish bog, Old Irish bocc, Breton bouk, Old Breton buc, putris; *boggo-, *bug-go-; Indo-European bhu@g, bend, Sanskrit bhugna, bent, Gothic biugan, English bow, from Anglo-Saxon boga.
• bogha a bow, so Irish, Middle Irish boga; from Anglo-Saxon boga, English bow. For root, See under bog.
• bС‚gus a timber moth, bug; from English bug, Scottish bo@-g.
• boicineach small-pox; root in bucaid, q.v.
• boicionn a goat skin, skin; *boc-cionn, "buck-skin"; the word ++cionn is in Old Irish cenni, scamae, Welsh cen, skin, Cornish cennen, Breton kenn-, pellis; English skinn, Norse skinn. -cionn, skin, Norse hinna, film (Leiden) I.F.@+5A 127.
• bСѓid vow, Irish mСѓid, Middle Irish mСѓit, *monti-, root mon, men, think. A borrowing from, or leaning on Latin vo@-tum seems possible in view of the Gaelic form. Middle Irish in uСѓit; from Latin vГґtum, as is also mСѓid (Stokes).
• bС‚idheach pretty; for buaidheach, "having virtues", from buaidh, q.v.
• bС‚idheam flattery (H.S.D.):
• bС‚ighear puffin, ducker; also budhaigir, q.v.
• boil, boile madness, Irish buile, Early Irish baile:
• bС‚ilich tall talk, boasting; cf. English bawl, cry like cows ( bСѓ).
• boillsg gleam; *bolg-s-cio-; Latin fulgeo, shine, English effulgent, Lithuanian blizgС‰, glance, shine, English blink, Indo-European bhleg, *fulgeo.
• boineid a bonnet, Irish boineud; from English bonnet.
• boinne a drop, Irish bain (d.pl bainnibh), Old Irish banne, Cornish, Breton banne; Celt. bannjГў (Stokes. See bainne. Hence boinneanta, healthy, well-built.
• boirche a buffalo ( Sh., Lh.), so Irish; perhaps allied to Latin ferus, English bear.
• boireal a small auger (M`F.); founded on English bore.
• boirche rising ground, bank (M`D.); same root as German berg, mountain, English ice-berg.
• boirionn female, feminine, Irish bainionn, boinionn; *bani-, from the word bean, ban-, q.v. Hence biorionnach, a female, which is masc. in gender, having been originally neuter. Cf. doirionn for doinionn (Arg.).
• bois the palm; See bas.
• boiseag slap in the face, palmful, Irish, Middle Irish boiseСѓg, buffet.
• boisg gleam; boillsg.
• boiteadh boiled food for horses (H.S.D.), English bait:
• boiteag a maggot; See botus.
• boitean a bundle of hay or straw; for boiteal, from Scottish buttle, English bottle, bundle of hay, from Old French botte.
• boitidh the call to pig, boit, a taste for (Dialectic):
• bС‚l a bowl; from the English.
• boladh smell, so Irish, Old Irish bolad, *bulato-; Lithuanian bu'ls, dusty air (Bezzenberger). Stokes has compared Lithuanian bulis, buttock, Sanskrit buli, vulva.
• bolanta excellent; root bol, as in adhbhal, q.v.
• bolla a boll; from Scottish, English boll. Hence also bolla, a buoy.
• bolt a welt, Irish balta, welt, border; from the Latin balteus, girdle, English belt. Cf. English welt, Welsh gwald.
• boma a bomb; from the English.
• bonn foundation, so Irish, Old Irish bond; Latin fundus; Sanskrit budhnР±; English bottom.
• bonn a coin, so Irish; possibly from Latin pondo.
• bonnach cake, bannock, Irish boinneСѓg, oaten cake. This word, like the Scottish, bannock, appears to be founded on Latin pa@-nicum, pa@-nis, bread.
• bonnanach a strapping fellow (Mrs M`Ph.), bonnanaich, active young men (Skye):
• borb fierce, so Irish, Old Irish borp; allied to, or, more probably, borrowed from, Latin barbarus.
• borbhan a purling sound; *borvo-, a stem identical with bervo-, seethe, French Bourbon, Latin fervo, etc. Hence borbhanach, base, deep.
• bС‚rc sprout, swell; See bР°rc.
• bС‚rc-lunn swell-wave (Hend.):
• bС‚rd a table, Irish, Middle Irish, bord, Welsh bwrdd; from Anglo-Saxon, Norse bord.
• bС‚rlanachd, mС‚rlanachd compulsory labour for the proprietor; from English bordland, as under bС‚rlum. Hence M`Morland. The cairiste, done for proprietor (M`K. and Carm.).
• bС‚rlum a strip of arable land (Hebridees); a frequent place namel from Middle English bordland, mensal land, especially the royal castle lands in the Highlands.
• bС‚rlum a sudden flux or vomiting, a flux; for bС‚rc-lum; See bС‚rc.
• ++borr knob, pride, greatness, great, Irish, Early Irish borr, *borso-, bhorso-; Latin fastus (for farstus), pride; Old High German parrunga, superbia; allied to bР°rr, q.v. Hence borrach, a haughty man, a protruding bank, a mountain grass.
• bС‚sd a boast, Irish bСѓst (O'R.), Welsh, Cornish bost; all from English boast, itself of unknown origin.
• bС‚sdan a little box, Breton bouist; the Gaelic is from early Scottish boyst, Middle English boiste, from Old French boiste, Medieval Latin buxida (bossida), which is the Greek @GpСЉxida. Hence also English box, Gaelic bocsa.
• bosgaire applause (Sh.); bas+ gaire, q.v. "palm-noise".
• bot a mound, river bank; cf. bught, botach, a reedy bog.
• bС‚t a boot; from Middle English bote, English boot. Also bС‚tuinn, from Scottish booting, French bottine, half-boot.
• botaidh a wooden vessel (size, half anker); formed from Middle English butte, English butt, French botte.
• both perturbation, a plash; See bodhbh.
• both, bothan a hut, bothie, Irish, Middle Irish bothР±n, both, Welsh bod, residence, Cornish bod, bos, *buto-; Lithuanian bС‰tas, house; English booth, Norse bСЉГ°, German bude; root bhu, be. Hence English bothie.
• bothar a lane, street (A.M`D.), Irish bothar (Con.), bСѓthar, Early Irish bСѓthar, *bГўtro-, *bГўtro-, root ba@-, go; Greek @Ge@'/bcn, went, @GbaРЅnu, go; Sanskrit gГў, go; English path.
• botrumaid a slattern, (M`F.); See butrais.
• botul bottle, Irish buideul, Welsh potel; from English bottle.
• botunn (Lewis), deep water pool (in moors); Norse, botn.
• botus a belly-worm; from Middle English bottes, pl. of bot, bott, of like meaning; Scottish batts. Origin unknown (Murray).
• brР°, brР°th a quern, Irish brСѓ, g. brСѓn, Early Irish brСѓ, g. broon, mill-stone, *brevon-, *bravon-; Sanskrit grГўvan-; Lithuanian gРјrnos; English quern.
• brabhd-chasach bow-legged.
• brabhdadh bravado, idle talk, brabhtalachd, haughtiness (A.M`D."); from English bravado?
• brР°c curve as of waves before breaking, a bellow, branch or deer-horn (Carm.), reindeer (Carm.):
• bracach grayish, braclach, brake: See words in broc-ach, -lach.
• brachag pustule; from brach, rot (vb.); See braich, malt. Also brachan, putrefaction.
• brР°chd putrescence, fat, rich.
• bradach thievish, braid, theft, Irish bradach, thievish, roguish, Early Irish broit, g. braite: *mraddo-, allied to brath, betray? Scarcely braom br@.-ont-, root bher, carry, Latin fur, etc.
• bradan salmon, Irish bradР±n, Early Irish bratan. Cf. Lithuanian bradР°, water, Ch.Sl broz@?da@?, wade through.
• bradan a ridgy tumour on the surface of the body (H.S.D.); metaphorically from bradan?
• bradhadair a blazing fire, kindling of a fire (Hebrides). Possibly braghadair, from bragh, q.v. Cf. braghadaich, crackling.
• brag (Lewis), a sudden creeking noise, Norse brak.
• bragaireachd vain boasting, Irish bragР±ireachd, from bragaire, boaster; from the English brag.
• bragh an explosion, peal, Old Irish braigim, pedo; Latin fragor, crash, fragare, English fragrant. See bram.
• brР°ghad neck, throat, Irish brР±ighid, Old Irish brР±ge, g. brР±gat, Welsh breuant, Old Breton brehant, *brГўgn@.t-; English craw, German kragen, collar, Middle High German krage, neck; Greek @GbrСѓghos, windpipe, English bronchitis. Bezzenberger (Stokes' Dict.), refers it ot the root of Norse barki, weazand, Greek @GfР±rugx, English pharynx. brР°ghad is really the gen. of brР°ighe.
• bragsaidh braxy; from Scottish, English braxy.
• braich malt, so Irish, Early Irish mraich, Welsh, Cornish brag, Breton bragezi, germinate, Gaulish brace (Plin.), genus farris: *mraki; Lithuanian mРёrkti, macerate, mР±rka, flax-hole for steeping; Latin marcere, fade, marcidus, decayed, rotten. From Welsh bragod, comes English bragget.
• braid theft; See bradach.
• brР°id horse-collar; See brР°ighdeach.
• brР°ighde captives, pledges, Irish brР±ighe, pl. brР±ighde, Early Irish braga, g. bragat, hostage, prisoner, braig, a chain; Greek @GgrСѓhos, noose; English crank, German kringel; Indo-European @gregh, possibly allied to Indo-European @gre@-gh, neck, as in brР±ghad. Hence braighdeanas, captivity, also dialectic braigh, hostage, pledge.
• brР°ighdeach horse-collar, Middle Irish braigdech, older brР±igtech; from brР°ghad. Also brР°id.
• brР°ighe upper part (of places): this is the nom. case of brР°ghad, which also appears in place names, as Bra'id-Albainn, Braidalbane.
• braile a heavy rain (Sh.):
• braile, braighlish a rattling noise (Perth). Scottish bruilze, French brouille. See braodhlach.
• brailis wort of ale, Irish braithlis, Middle Irish braichlis, from braich.
• braim, bram crepitus ventris, Irish broim, Old Irish braigim, pedo, Welsh, Cornish, Breton bram, *bragsmen, root brag, Indo-European bhrag; Latin fragor, crash, fragrare, etc. Hence bramaire, a noisy fellow.
• braisleach full-formed, bulky man, Middle Irish bras, great, Welsh, Cornish, Breton bras, grossus, *brasso-; Latin grossus, French gros, bulky.
• brР°ist a brooch; from the English
• braithlРјn linen sheet, so Irish: *brath+lРјn; but brath? M`E. suggests plР°i-linn.
• braman misadventure, the Devil; also dialectic broman. Middle Irish bromР±n means a "boor", bromР±nach, impertinent. The root seems to be breg, brog, brag of breun, braim.
• bramasag a clott-burr, the prickly head of a thistle (H.S.D.): ++bran a raven, Irish, Old Irish bran, Welsh brГўn, crow, Breton bran, crow; *branГў, for gvranГў, with which cf. Old Slavonic gavranu@u, raven, but not vrana (do.), as is usually done. The further root is @gra, @gera, cry, whence English crane, Greek @GgР№ranos, crane, Welsh and Cornish garan. Used much in personal and river names.
• bran bran, Irish, Welsh bran, Breton brenn; Gaelic, Irish, and Welsh are from English bran, from Old French bren, bran, whence Breton
• brang a slip of wood in the head-stall of a horse's halter, resting on the jaw; horse's collar; brangas, a pillory; from the Scottish branks, a head pillory (for tongue and mouth), a bridle with two wooden side pieces, brank, to bridle; allied to German pranger, pillory, Dutch prang, fetter.
• branndaidh brandy; from English brandy, that is "brand or burnt wine".
• branndair a gridiron; from Scottish brander, from brand, burn, etc.
• braodag a huff (Hend.), also (Perth):
• braodhlach brawling, braoileadh, loud noise, Irish braСѓilleadh, rattling; a borrowed word, seemingly from Scottish, English brawl, confused with Scottish brulye, English broil.
• braoileag a whortleberry, Irish broileСѓg, breileСѓg. Scottish brawlins, brylocks, comes from the Gaelic.
• braoisg a grin, Irish braos:
• braolaid raving, dreaming; from breathal?
• braon a drop, rain, so Irish, Old Irish broen; cf. English brine. The attempt to connect it with Greek @GbrР№hw, or with Latin rigare, English rain, is unsatisfactory. Stokes derives it from root ver (see fearthuinn), *vroen, but unlikely.
• braonan, praonan an earth-nut, bunium flexuosum. Perhaps from braon, a drop - "a bead, nut".
• bras, brais active, rash, Irish bras, Early Irish bras, Welsh brys, haste: *br@.sto-, Indo-European @gredh-, as in greas, q.v.? See also brisg, active.
• brasailt a panegyric (M`A.); Early Irish bras-scР№lach, panegyrical; from Old Irish bras, great, Welsh and Breton bras; cf. Latin grossus, English gross. See braisleach.
• brat a mantle, Irish brat, Old Irish bratt, Welsh brethyn, woolen cloth, Breton broz, petticoat, *bratto-, *brat-to-. For root brat, brant, See brР№id. Anglo-Saxon bratt, pallium, is borrowed from the Celtic. Hence bratach, flag.
• bratag the furry or grass caterpillar, Irish bratСѓg, "the mantled one", from brat. Cf. caterpillar = "downy cat", by derivation.
• brath information, betrayal, Irish brath, Early Irish brath, treason, and mrath also, Welsh brad, treachery, Cornish bras, Breton barat, Old Breton brat, *mrato-; Greek @Ga@`martР±nw( @G-mart-), sin, miss, @Ge@'/mbroton (past tense). Cf. mearachd. Middle Irish mairned, treachery.
• brР°th judgement, gu brР°th, for ever (pron. gu brР°ch) "till Judgment", so Irish, Old Irish brР±th, judgment, Welsh brawd, Middle Breton breut, Gaulish bratu-, *brГўtu-; *brГў, *bera, judge, decide, from Indo-European bher, in the sense of "say", as in abair. The Irish barn, judge, and Welsh barn, judgment, are hence, and may be compared to Greek @Gfrc/n, @Gfrc/nes, soul, phrenology. Hence also breath, or breith *br@.t-, q.v. The sense "conflagration" given in the Dict. is due to "Druidic" theorisings, and is imaginary.
• brР°thair brother, Irish brР±thair, Old Irish brР±thir, Welsh brawd, pl. brodyr, Cornish broder, pl. bredereth, Breton breur, breuzr, pl. breudeur, *brГўtГЄr; Latin frГўter; English brother; Sanskrit bhra@-/ta; etc.
• breab a kick, Irish preab, Middle Irish prebach, kicking; perhaps from the root form of breaban.
• breaban a patch of leather, Irish preabР±n, parcel, piece, patch; from, or allied to, Old French bribe, a piece of bread, alms, Sp. briba, alms; also Old French bribeur, mendicant, briberesse, female vagabondage and harloting; cf. Irish preabСѓg, a wenching jade (O'Br.). English bribe is from the French.
• breac speckled, so Irish, Early Irish brecc, Welsh brych, Breton brec'h, smallpox, *mr@.kko-s, *mr@.g-ko-, root mr@.@g; Lithuanian mР±rgas, speckled, pied; Greek @Ga@'marСЉssw, twinkle. There is an Old Irish mrecht, Welsh brith, of like meaning and origin, viz. mr@,k-to, from mr@.g-to-. Hence breac, smallpox, Welsh brech, and breac, trout, Welsh brithyll.
• breacan plaid, Irish breacР±n, Welsh brecan, rug; from breac. Rhys regards Welsh as borrowed from Irish.
• breac-shianain freckles:
• breacag a pancake, Welsh brechdan, slice of bread and butter, br@.g-ko-, br@.g, as in bairghin, bread? (Rev.Celt. @+17102). See breachdan.
• breachd seizing =beireachd.
• breachdan custard (Lh.), Middle Irish brechtР±n, a roll, Welsh brithog; from mr@.g-to-, Irish brecht, Welsh brith, motley, mixed. See under breac.
• brРёagh fine, Irish breР±gh, Middle Irish breagha (O'Cl.), *breigavo-s, root breig, brГ®g, as in brРјgh, q.v.? Irish breagh or breaghda = Bregian, Tir Breg. (Irish J. No. 119). ++breall knob, glens mentulГ¦, Dean of Lismore breyl, Irish breall, br@.s-lo-, root bers, bors, as in Gaelic ++borr, bР°rr, English bristle. Hence brilleanach, lewd, q.v. breall= bod (Glenmoriston).
• breaman tail of sheep or goat, podex; cf. Irish breim, by-form of braim, q.v.
• breamas mischief, mishap, the Devil; an e vowel form of braman?
• breanan dunghill (Sh.); from breun, q.v.
• breath row, layer: *br@.tГў, a slice, root bher of beР°rn.
• breath judgment, so Irish, Old Irish breth, *br@.tГў, Welsh bryd, Gaulish vergo-bretus, *br@.to-s. For root, See brР°th. Spelt also breith.
• breathas frenzy (M`A.); See breisleach.
• brР№id a kerchief, so Irish, Early Irish brР№it, *brenti-, roots brent, brat; Sanskrit granth, tie, knot, grathnГўti; German kranz, garland, English crants (Rhys). The Sanskrit being allied to Greek @GgrСѓnqos, fist, seems against this derivation (Stokes), not to mention the difficulty of Greek @Gq and Sanskrit th corresponding to Celtic t. Possibly from root bhera, cut, Greek @Gfa@nros, cloth (Windisch). Cf. Welsh brwyd, braid.
• breisleach confusion, delirium, nightmare, Irish breisleach (O'R., Fol.), breaghaslach ( Lh.) from breith-, *bret, *bhre-t; bhre, mind, as in Greek @GfrР№n, mind? Cf. Early Irish Breslech MСѓr Murtheimme; brislech, "overthrow".
• breith bearing, birth, so Irish and Early Irish, br@.tРЅ-s; Sanskrit bhr@.ti-; English birth; etc.: root bher, bear; See beir.
• breitheal confusion of mind; from breith-, as in breisleach. Also breathal and preathal.
• breathanas judgment, Irish breitheamhnus, Early Irish britheamnas; from brithem, a judge, stem britheman, to which is added the abstract termination -as (=astu-). From britheamh, q.v.
• breo, breoth rot, putrefy:
• breochaid any tender or fragile thing (M`A.); from breo.
• breС‚cladh clumsy patching, breС‚claid, sickly person: breСѓdh+ clad (= cail of buachail). See breСѓite.
• breСѓite infirm, Irish breСѓite, breСѓdhaim, I enfeeble (Keat.), *brivod-; cf. Welsh briw, break, *brГ®vo-, possibly allied to Latin frivolus.
• breolaid dotage, delirium; cf. breitheal, etc.
• breug, briag a lie, Irish breug, brР№ag, Old Irish brР№c, brenkГў; Sanskrit bhramГ§a, loss, deviation.
• breun putrid, so Irish, Early Irish brР№n, Welsh braen, Breton brein; *bregno-, bragno-, foul, from root, breg, brag, of braim. Strachan takes it from *mrak-no-; Latin marcidus, rancid, as in braich, q.v.
• briagail prattling:
• briathar a word, so Irish and Old Irish *brГЄtrГў (Old Irish is fem.; Gaelic is mas., by analogy?), *brГЄ, ablaut to brГў- of brР°th, q.v. Bezzenberger would refer it to Old High German chrГўjan, English crow.
• brРјb a bribe, Irish brРЅb; from the English
• bricein- a prefix to certain animal names; from breac.
• ++brРјdeach a dwarf (Arms., Sh.), Irish brideach ( Lh., O'Br.). See brРјdeag, little woman. Shaw also gives it the meaning of "bride", which is due to English influences.
• brРјdeag a little woman, Irish brРЅdeag, a figure of St. Bridget made on the Saint's eve by maidens for divination purposes. See Bri@ghid in the list of Proper Names. Shaw gives bridag, part of the jaw, which H.S.D. reproduces as brРјdeag.
• brРјdeun a little bird, sea-piet (M`A. for latter meaning): seemingly formed on the analogy of brРјdeag and ++brРјdeach.
• brРјg a heap (H.S.D., M`A.): "brРјg mhС‚ine", a pile of peats; cf. Norse brРЅk, square tablet, piece, English brick.
• brРјgh pith, pwer, Irish brРЅgh, Old Irish brРЅg, Welsh bri, dignity, rank, Cornish bry, Breton bri, respect, *brГ®ga, *brГ®go-; Greek @Gbri@n= @GbriarСѓs, strong, mighty, @GbrРЅmc ( i long), strength, anger; Sanskrit jri, overpower, jrayas, extent; an Indo-European @gri-, @gri@--, @grei-. Bezzenberger suggests German krieg, war, striving: *@greigh? This may be from the root brГ® above.
• brilleanach lewd, briollair, briollan, from ++breall, q.v.
• brРјm pickle (Arg.); from English brine.
• brimin bodaich a shabby carle; for breimein, a side form of braman; root breg, brag? But cf. Norse brimill, phoca fetida mas.
• brРјobadh bribing; See brРЅb, which also has the spelling brРјob.
• brРјodal lovers' language, caressing, flattery; also brionnda, caressing, brionnal, flattery; possibly from brionn, a lie, dream (Irish), as in brionglaРјd, q.v. Middle Irish brinneal means a beautiful young maid or a matron. Cf. briag. Arran brРјd, whisper.
• briog thrust, Irish priocam; from the English prick.
• briogach mean-spirited:
• brРјoghas fervour of passion; cf. Welsh brywus, bryw, vigorous.
• briogais breeches, Irish brigis; from the English breeks, breeches.
• briollag an illusion (Sh.); Irish brionn, dream, reverie. The Gaelic seems for brion-lag. See brionglaРјd.
• brionglaРјd a confusion, dream, Irish brionnglСѓid, a dream; from brionn, a dream, a lie. In the sense of "wrangling", brionglaРјd is purely a Scotch Gaelic word, from S., English brangle, of like force.
• brionnach pretty (M`F.), fair (Sh.), glittering, Irish brinneall, a beautiful young woman, a matron.
• brionnach brindled, striped; from the English brinded, now brindled.
• brРјos mockery (A.M`D.), half-intoxication (M`A.):
• briosaid a girdle (Arms.), from English brace?
• briosg start, jerk, so Irish; from brisg, active, q.v.
• briosgaid a biscuit, Middle Irish brisca (Four Masters); founded on English biscuit, but by folk-etymology made to agree with brisg, brittle (Gaidoz).
• briosuirneach ludicrous; cf. brРјos, mockery, etc.
• briot, briotal chit-chat, Irish ++briot, chatter, briotach, a stammerer: br@.t-t-, br@.-t, root bar, ber, as in Latin barbarus, Greek @GbР±rbaros, berberРЅzu, I stammer. The reference of briot to the name Breatnaich or Briotons as foreigners and stammerers is scarcely happy.
• bris break, so Irish, Old Irish brissim, *brestГґ, I break, root bres, bhres; Old High German brestan, Anglo-Saxon berstan, English burst, French briser, break. Distantly allied to *berso-s, short, Gaelic beР°rr. Brugmann has compared the Gaelic to Greek @GpР№rqw, destroy, from bherdho-, giving a Celtic stem br@.d-to-, and br@.d-co- for brisg.
• brisg brittle, Irish briosg, Early Irish brisc, Breton bresq: *bres-co-; root bres of bris above.
• brisg lively, Irish brisc, Welsh brysg; all from the English brisk, of Scandinavian origin (Johansson, Zeit. xxx.).
• brisgein cartilage; from Norse brjСѓsk, cartilage, bris, Swedish and Danish brusk; German brausche, a lump (from a bruise).
• brisgein, brislein white tansy; from brisg, brittle.
• britheamh a judge, Irish breitheamh, Old Irish brithem, g. britheman; root br@.t, of breath, judgment, q.v.
• broc a badger, so Irish, Early Irish brocc, Welsh, Cornish, broch, Breton broc'h, *brokko-s: *bork-ko-, "grey one"; root bherk, bhork, bright, Greek @GforkСѓs, grey, Lithuanian berszti, English bright? Thurneysen cfs. the Latin broccus, having projecting teeth, whence French broche (from Latin *brocca, a spike, etc.), a spit, English broach, brooch; he thinks the badger was named broccos from his snout, and he instances the French brochet, pike, as parallet by derivation and analogy. If Greek @GbrСЉkw, bite, is allied to Latin broccus, the underlying idea of broc may rather be the "biter", "gripper". Bezzenberger suggests Russ. barsСЉku@u, Turk. porsuk, Magyar borz; or *brokko-s, from *bhrod-ko-s, Sanskrit bradhnР±, dun.
• brocach greyish in the face, speckled, Irish brocach, broc, Welsh broc, grizzled, roan; from broc.
• brochan gruel, porridge, Irish brochР±n, Old Irish brothchР±n; broth-chР±n, *broti-, cookery; root bru, Indo-European bhru, whence English broth, Latin defrutum, must. See bruith.
• brС‚chlaid trash, farrago; root bhreu, bhru, as in brochan; bhreu varies with bhrou, Gaelic brС‚.
• brС‚cladh spoiling, mangling; See breС‚claid.
• brod a lid; from Scottish brod, side form of English board.
• brod a goad, prickle, Irish brod, Early Irish brott, Welsh brath, Cornish broz, Breton brout, *broddos, from broz-do-; Old High German brort, edge, Norse broddr, sting, English brod, brad, Anglo-Saxon brord, sting.
• brod the choice of anything; from brod, in the sense of "excess". Cf. corr.
• brС‚d pride, brС‚dail, proud, Irish brСѓd, etc. In Arran (Scottish) we find prС‚tail, which is a step nearer the origin. From the English proud.
• ++brodan mastiff, Early Irish brotchu, Welsh brathgi; from brod, "good".
• brС‚d a crowd, brood, brС‚dach, in crowds; from the English brood?
• brС‚g a shoe, Irish brСѓg, Middle Irish brСѓcc, Early Irish brСѓc, pl. brСѓca, used in compounds for various nether garments; from Norse brСѓkr, Anglo-Saxon brСѓc, pl. brР№c, English breech, breeks (Zimmer, Zeit. xxx.). See briogais.
• brog stimulate, an awl; from Scottish brog, prog. Cf. Welsh procio, thrust, poke, from Middle English prokien, stimulare. Thurneysen takes Scottish and Gaelic from French broche, Latin *brocca (see broc). Hence brogail, "active", "in good form".
• brogach a boy, young lad, from brog?
• broidneireachd embroidery, Irish broidineireachd; from the English broider, embroidery. ++broigheal cormorant, Irish broighioll:
• broighleadh bustle; from Scottish brulye (English broil), French brouiller, It. broglio. See braodhlach.
• broighleag whortleberry; See braoileag.
• broigileineach substantial; from broigeil, a by-form of brogail; See brogach.
• broilein king's hood; pig's snout (Badenoch): root bhru, brow?
• broilleach a breast, Irish, Early Irish brollach: *bron-lach; for *bron, See bruinne.
• broineag a rag, ill-clad female, bronag, a crum (Dialectic); possibly from the root of ++bronn, distribute. Shaw spells it broinneag, M`F. as above.
• broinn belly (Dialectic); the dat. of brС‰ used dialectically as nom.; See brС‰.
• broit the bosom; properly the breast covering (H.S.D., for latter meaning); cf. Gaelic brot, Old Irish broitР№ne, palliolum. The word appears to be from brat, mantle, with a leaning for meaning on bruinne, breast.
• brolaich incoherent talk (as in sleep), brolasg, garrulity, Irish brolasgach, prattling; cf. Welsh brawl, brol, boasting, English brawl, Dutch brallen, boast.
• brolamas a mess (D.C.Mc.Ph.) (Glenmoriston); same root as brollach.
• broluinn, brothluinn boiling, "Г¦stus", tide-boiling; from broth, boiling, as in brollach, etc.
• brollach a mess; cf. E.R. brothlach, the FР№nian cooking pit, from broth, as in brochan, q.v.
• bromach a colt, Irish bromach: *brusmo-, *brud-, *bru, as in English em-bryo?
• brСѓn grief, Irish, Old Irish brСѓn, Welsh brwyn, smarting, sorrow, *brugno-s; Greek @GbrСЉhw ( @Gu long), gnash the teeth; Lithuanian grР±uz@?iu, gnaw, Pol. zgryzota, sorrow.
• ++bronn grant, distribute, Middle Gaelic bronnagh (1408 charter), Irish bronnaim, Early Irish bronnaim, brondaim, bestow, spend: *brundo-, *bhrud-no-, Indo-European root bhrud; Anglo-Saxon bryttian, deal out, Norse bryti, a steward (cf. Greek @GtamРЅas, steward, "cutter"), brytja, chop, English brittle, Teutonic brut, chop; perhaps Latin frustum, bit.
• brosdaich stir up, Irish brosduighim, Early Irish brostugud, inciting. The word is from the root bros-, in brosdo- of brod, q.v., being here bros-to-, which become brosso-, and later reverts to brost, brosd, or remains as in brosnaich. Stokes says it is founded on Low Latin brosdus, brusdus, broidery, "done by a needle", or brosd, which is of Teutonic origin and cognate with Gaelic brod, already given as the root. Hence brosgadh, stimulation, etc. The Irish brosna, Old Irish brosne, faggot, may be hence; the root bhrud, discussed under ++bronn, has also been suggested.
• brosgul flattery, fawning (especially of a dog); possibly from the root form brost, in brosdaich, brosgadh.
• brosnaich incite; See brosdaich. This is the best Gaelic form; brosdaich is rather literary and Irish.
• brot broth; from the English broth.
• brot a veil, upper garment, Old Irish broitР№ne, palliolum; Gaelic is a by-form of brat.
• broth itch, Irish broth, *bruto-; See bruthainn for root. Also (rarely) bruth.
• broth lunar halo (Arg.), or brogh; cf. Old Irish bruth, heat, under bruthainn. Scottish broch, Ulster Irish broth.
• brothag the bosom, a fold of the breast clothes; *broso-, root brus of bruinne, breast.
• brothas farrago, brose, Irish brothus, from Middle English brewis, Scottish brose See bruthaist, the best Gaelic form.
• brС‰ g. bronn, belly, so Irish, Old Irish brСЉ, brond; Welsh bru: *brГ»s, *brus-nos, root brus, Indo-European bhrus, bhreus; Teutonic breust-, Norse bfjСѓst, English breast, German brust. Stokes refers it to the root bru, to swell, Greek @GbrСЉw, am full, @Ge@'m-bruon, embryo (whence English embryo), or to Sanskrit bhrГ»n@.Р±, embryo. See bruinne.
• bruach a bank, brink, Irish, Old Irish bruach: *brou-ko-, Indo-European bhrГ», brow, Greek @Go@'frСЉs, eybrow, English brow, Lithuanian bruvis, Old Irish brСЉad, (dual). Also Early Irish brСЉ, bank, border. Stokes suggests either the root of brС‰th, bruise, or Lithuanian briau-nР°, edge.
• bruchaire a surly fellow, one that hovers about, Irish bruachaireachd, hovering about; bruach.
• bruadar, bruadal a dream, Irish bruadair, Welsh breuddwyd: *braud or *brav-: fraus, fraud?
• bruaillean, bruaidlean trouble, grief; from bruadal, above.
• bruais crush to peices, gnash (Dialectic): *bhraud-so-, Latin fraus, English brittle.
• bruan thrust, wound; from the root of brС‰th.
• bruan a fragment; *bhroud-no-, from *bhroud, break, Anglo-Saxon brР№ostan, break, English brittle, etc., as under bronn. Strachan also suggests *bhroucno-, Lettic brukt, crumple, and Stokes the root of brС‰th.
• brС‰c seaweed cast ashore (Lewis); Norse brСЉk, drid heaps of seaweed.
• brucach spotted in the face, smutted, Irish brocach: "badger like"; See broc. The Scottish broukit, brooked, is of uncertain origin (Murray). Hence brucadhadh, irregular digging, brucaniach, the peep of dawn (M`A.), etc.
• brucag, bruchag a chink, eylet (Sh.), dim candle light (H.S.D.). Sh. gives bruchag, H.S.D. brucag, which appears only to apply to the "dim candle light"; from brucach.
• brС‰chd belch, burst out, so Irish, Early Irish brСЉchtaim, eructo, vomo, Welsh brytheiro (vb.), brythar (n.).
• bruchlag a hovel; from brugh, q.v.
• bruchlas the fluttering of birds going to rest (Sh.):
• bruchorcan stool bent, heath rush; said to be derived from ++brСЉ, a hind, and corc-an, oats, "deer's oats". Also bruth-chorcan.
• brudhach a brae; See bruthach.
• brudhaist brose; See bruthaist.
• brugh large house, a tumulus, so Irish, Early Irish brug, mrug, land, holding, mark, Welsh bro, country, region, land, Cym-mro, a Welshman, pl. Cymmry (*com-mroges), Breton bro, country, Gaulish Brogi-: *mrogi (for Gadelic); Latin margo; Gothic marka, border-country, Anglo-Saxon mearc, border, English mark, march.
• bruich boil, cook; gutturalised form of bruith (cf. brР°th, brР°ch). See bruith. The Irish bruighim appears in O'R., and has been compared to Latin frГ®go, Greek @GfrСЉgw, roast; but it is evidently a bad spelling of bruith.
• bruid captivity, Irish bruid, Middle Irish *brat, g. braite, Early Irish acc. broit, *braddГў. For root, See bradach.
• bruid, bruidich stab, goad, Irish bruidighim: the verb from brod, a goad.
• brС‰id a brute, Irish brСЉid; from English brute.
• bruidheann, bruidhinn talk, conversation, Irish bruРЅghinn, scolding speech, a brawl (also bruitheann), Old Irish fris-brudi, renuit, Welsh cyfrau, song, Old Breton co-brouol, verbialia, *mru, say; Sanskrit brГ», bravati, says, Zend mrГ», speak. O'Grady (S. Gad. xvi.) connects Early Irish brudin, hospitium; says meaning really is "quarrel". He gives Irish as bruidhen. Stokes Early Irish brudin, *brodРјna, English board (Z. 33).
• bruidlich stir up; See bruid, stab, goad.
• brС‰ill bruise, thump; a derivative from brС‰th, q.v.
• brС‰illig a person of clumsy figure and gait (H.S.D., which refers the word to brС‰, belly); from brС‰?
• bruim-fheur switch grass, so Irish: from braim-fheur, a term to denote its worthlessness. BrС‰inidh the Brownie; from Scottish Brownie, the benevolent farmhouse goblin, from English brown. Cf. the Norse Svart-Р±lfr or dark elves.
• bruinne breast, Old Irish bruinne, Welsh bron, Cornish and Middle Breton bronn, *brus-no, root bhrus, bhreus; Norse brjСѓst, German brust, English breast. Stokes gives the root as brend, from Indo-European @grendh, swell, be haughty, Greek @GbrР№nqСЉomai, strut, bear oneself loftily, Latin grandis, Ch.Sl gra@?di@u, breast. Usually correlated with Gothic brunjГґ, breastplate, Middle High German brГјnne, Norse brynja, coat of mail, Middle English brynie, Scottish byrnie: a satisfactory enough derivation, and ultimatley from the same root as the first one given above (Indo-European bhru). Indeed Stokes says the Teutonic is borrowed from the Celtic.
• bruinneadh the from (Dialectic), Old Irish bruinech, prow, Cornish brenniat, prow, *bronjo-, to which Bex. compares German grans, prow (Indo-European @gh = Gaelic b?). From root of bruinne.
• bruis a brush, Irish bruis (vulg.); from the English brush.
• bruiteach warm; from *bruth, heat; See bruthainn.
• bruith boil, cook, so Irish, Early Irish bruith, cooking, *brot-, from the root bru, Indo-European bhru; English broth (Teutonic broГѕo-, Indo-European bhruto-, and brew (Indo-European bhreu); Latin defrutum, must; Thrac. Greek @Gbru@nton, beer.
• brunsgal rumbling noise; bronn+ sgal? From brС‰, in any case.
• brusg a crumb, particle of food, Irish bruscР±n, brusgar, broken ware, useless fragments, brus, refuse of corn: from *brus, short form of *brГ»s in brС‰th.
• brutach digging, the act of digging (N.H. according to H.S.D.): *brutto-, *bhrud-to-, root bhrud, break? See ++bronn.
• brС‰th bruise, pound, Irish brСЉighim, Early Irish brСЉim, *brГ»s, strike, graze, pound; Pre. Celt. bhreus; Anglo-Saxon bry/san, bruise, English bruise (influenced by French); perhaps Old Slavonic bru@usna@?ti, corrumpere, radere.
• bruthach a brae: *brut-acos, root bru, from bhru, brow; See bruach. Scottish brae is of a similar origin, founded on Norse brР±, eyelid, brow (Murray).
• bruthainn sultriness, heat, Irish, Old Irish bruth, fervour, Welsh brwd, hot, Breton brout, hot (fire), Old Breton brot: *brutu-. For further root See bruith. Wider are Latin ferveo, fervor, English burn, etc.
• bruthaist brose; from early Scottish, English browes, Scottish brose; from the French, but allied to English broth.
• bu was, Irish budh, Old Irish by: Proto-Gaelic *bu for a Celtic bu-t; Greek @Ge@`/fu ( @Gu long), aorist tense; Latin fuit; Sanskrit Р±bhГ»t, was; Indo-European Р№-bhГ»-t. The root is bheu, bhu; English be, etc. Both Gaelic and Irish aspirate, which shows the t of the 3rd sing. disappeared early.
• bubhall unicorn, buffalo, Middle Irish buabhall, Welsh bual; from Latin bubalus, buffalo, gazelle, whence (bu@-falus) English fuggalo.
• buabhall a trumpet, Irish bubhall, buadhbhall, Middle Irish buaball, Welsh bual, bugle; cf. Middle Irish buabhall, horn, Welsh bual, buffalo horn, Middle Irish corn buabhaill; whence the further force of "trumpet".
• buachaill a herdsman, so Irish, Old Irish bСѓchaill, buachaill, Welsh bugail, Cornish, Breton bugel; Greek boukСѓlos, cowherd (Latin bucolicus, English bucolic, @Gbou-, cow, and @G-kolos, attendant, Latin colo, cultivate.
• buachar cow-dung, Irish buacar, buachar (Con.), Breton beuzel; for the stem before the suffix -ar, cf. Welsh buwch (*boukkГў), though bou-cor- or bouk-cor-, "cow-offcast", may properly be the derivation for the Gadelic. See bСѓ and, possibly, cuir. Cf. salchar.
• buadhghallan, buaghallan ragwort, Irish buadhghallan, Middle Irish buathbhallan, buathfallan: "virtue bearing wort"? More probably it is buaf-bhallan, "toad-wort", brom buaf, toad, reptile, from Latin bГ»fo. The Welsh call it "serpent's weed", llysiau'r nedir. Irish baufanau is "mugwort"; buadharlann (Hend.).
• buaic a wick, Irish buaic; from English wick, Anglo-Saxon weoca?
• buaic bleaching lees, Irish buac; from Middle English bouken, steep in lye, English buck, German bauchen; French buer, from a Latin type *bГ»care. See fС‰cadh.
• buaicneach smallpox (Suth.); founded on a later form of Latin bucca, as in bucaid, q.v.
• buaidh victory, virtue, so Irish, Old Irish buaid, Welsh budd, Old Breton bud, Gaulish boud-, in many personal names, whether as the only root (cf. Boudicca, "Victrix") or in compounds, either initial or as second part: *boudi-; Norse by/ti, exchange, German beute, booty, English booty, French butin (do.).
• buaidheam fits of inconstancy; cf. buathadh.
• buail strike, so Irish, Early Irish bualaim: *budlo-, or *boudlo-, *boud, Pre-Celt. bhoud, bheud; Anglo-Saxon bР№atan, English beat, beetle, German beutel, beetle (Strachan). See buille. Stokes gives the form *buglaГґ, root bug, bhug, as in German pochen, English poke.
• buaile a fold, pen, so Irish, Early Irish buale; Latin bovile; from *bov-, cow.
• buaill place for resting and milking (Lewis). Cf. Norse bСѓl.
• buain reap, Irish, Old Irish buain, inf. of bongaim, reap, break: *bogni- or *bongni-? For root, See bochd.
• buair tempt, vex, Irish buaidhirim, Early Irish buadraim, Old Irish buadartha, turbulentus: *boud-ro-; possibly from bhoud, strike, the idea coming from a form *boudro-, a goad, goading? Gaelic has buaireadh, buair, a rage.
• bual-chС‚mhla sluice (M`L.) (an fhamh bhual, water vole); Middle Irish bual, flowing sluice water, Early Irish roth-bСЉali, water-wheel, *bogla, English beck, German bach ( St.) (Zim.).
• bualtrach cow-dung, so Irish buartlach (Dial. Irish); from buar, cattle.
• buamastair a blockhead.
• buan lasging, Irish buan, lasting, fixed, Early Irish buan: "being, during", from *bu, be, Indo-European bhu, be; Lithuanian butinas, being, during, from buti, be; Norse bСЉa, dwell, Gothic bauan, etc. Stokes gives the Gaelic stem as buvano-s, and cfs. Sanskrit bhГ»vana, existence. Hence buanaich, persevere.
• buana an idle person who lives on the best his heighbours can afford (Lewis) (M`A.):
• ++buanna a mercenary, a billeted soldier, so Irish:
• buannachd profit; from buain, reap, with irregularly doubled n (see cinne, linne, seann, bann- for ban-, miann? Cf. Irish buannacht, soldiers billeting from a tenant (Joyce).
• buar cattle, so Irish, Early Irish bСЉar, cattle of the cow kind; from bСѓ, cow: *bovГўro-; cf. Latin boarius.
• buarach cow-fetter, Irish, Early Irish buarach: for bСѓ-Р±rach, "cow-fetter", Р±rach being for ad-rig-os, root rig of cuibhreach, q.v.
• buathadh a rushing, a mad fit:
• bС‰b roar, Irish bub: onomatopoetic. Cf. Latin baubor, bay, Greek @GbaСЉzw, bark, Lithuanian bubauti, roar.
• bС‰ban coxcomb, Irish bubР±n; cf. English booby.
• bucach a boy (dial.): "growing one"; founded on Latin bucca as in bucaid.
• bucaid a pustule, Irish bucСѓoid, a spot, Early Irish boccСѓit; from Brittonic Latin buccГўtus, from bucca, puffed cheek (English debouch, rebuke).
• bucall a buckle, Irish buccla, Welsh bwel; from Middle English bukyll, English buckle, from French boucle, from Latin bucula, cheek-strap, from bucca, cheek.
• bС‰chd size (Sh. buc); from Scottish bouk, i.e. bulk.
• buchainn melodious (A.M`D.):
• buchallach nestling (adj.): *buth-chal, "house tending"? buchallach (M`L. Teachd.Gaidh.):
• budach poult (Suth.): See pС‰t.
• budagochd snipe ( M`L.), woodcock ( H.S.D.). It seems a reminiscence of English woodcock.
• budhaigir the puffin, buigire, ( M`A., for St. Kilda), Scottish bowger, the coulter-neb; somehow from Norse bugr, curve, "bent-bill"?
• budhailt a window-like recess in a wall; from Scottish bowall, boal, bole. Origin unknown (Murray).
• budhag a bundle of straw: root bud, which underlies French botte, bundle? See boitean.
• bugha a green spot by a stream (Skye), bogha ( Rob.).
• buideal a bottle, cask, Irish buideul, Welsh potel; from English bottle. See botul.
• buidealaich a conflagration, Irish buite, fire, buitealach (Lh.++, O'Cl., O'Br.), bott (O'Cl.): *bud-do-, root bhud (Latin fustis, bhud-tis, English beetle), giving the idea of "faggot", "firewood"?
• buidhe yellow, so Irish, Old Irish buide; Latin badius, English bay.
• buidhe now buidheachas, thanks, Irish buidhe, Old Irish buide (Welsh boddaw, please, bodd, will?), *budo-, Indo-European bhudh, bheudh; Greek @GpeСЉqomai, learn by inquiry; Anglo-Saxon bР№odan, command, English for-bid.
• buidhe glad to, had to, Old Irish buithi, participle of necessity, from the verb bРЅ, be: "Is amlid is buithi do chР±ch" - Thus ought it to be with every one (9th Cent. glosses); Gaelic "Is buidhe do gach neach".
• buidheann a company, Irish buidhean, Old Irish buden, Welsh byddin, Old Breton bodin, manus, *bodГ®nГў; Old High German chutti, troop, band, Old Frisian. kedde, German kette, covey; Indo-European gГґ: go, drive; cf. Lithuanian gu@?tas, herd.
• buidhinn gain,win, buinnig, act of gaining, gain; from the English win, winning.
• buil effect, use, Irish boil, *bol, *bel: Pre-Celt. bhel, bhol; Greek @Go@'/felos, advantage, @Gw@'fР№lР№w, help.
• buileach total, entirely; another form of baileach. Early Irish has bulid, blooming.
• buileastair a bullace or sloe ( M`D., Sh.); from Middle English bolaster = bullace-tree, from bolace, now bullace.
• builionn a loaf, Irish builРЅn; from Old French boulange, ball-shaped loaf (?), which Diez suggests as the basis of French boulanger, baker.
• buille a blow, so Irish, Early Irish bulle, buille = bollia = bus-liГў + bhud-s-liГў; root bhud, beat, as in buail, q.v. Stokes gives the stem as *boldja, allied to Lithuanian bР№ldz@?iu, belsti, give a blow, baldas, a beetle; German poltern.
• buillsgean centre, Irish boilsceР±n, Middle Irish bolscР№n, middle, midriff = bolgР±n, from balg, bolg, belly.
• buin belong to, Irish beanaim. The Irish is from the verb bean, touch; the Gaelic, which has the idea of relationship or origin (Cha bhuin e dhomh: he is not related to me), seems to confuse bean and bun, stock.
• buinne a cataract, tide, Irish buinne, a spout, tap, Early Irish buinne, wave, rush of water: Gaelic buinneach, flux, diarrh@oea, so Irish; See boinne. Also puinne (Suth.) (W.Ross).
• buinneag a twig, sprout, Irish buinneР±n, Early Irish buinne: *bus-niГў; root bus, as in English bush, boosky, German busch, etc.
• buinnig winning; See buidhinn.
• ++buinnire a footman, so Irish; from bonn, sole of the foot.
• bС‰ir, bС‰irich roar, bellow (as a bull), Irish bСЉireadh, roaring; Early Irish bСЉraim; *bГ»-ro-, Indo-European root @gevo, @gГ», cry; Greek @GboР±w, shout; Lithuanian gauju, howl; Sanskrit gu, cry. Strachan gives as Gaelic stem bucro-, root buq as in Latin buccina, horn, Greek @GbСЉktcs, howling, Sanskrit bukka@-ras, lion's roar, Norwg. bura, to bellow, Shet. boorik, cow.
• buirdeiseach a free man, burgess, Irish buirgР№iseach; from the English burgess.
• buirleadh language of folly and ridicule; from the Romance burla, to jest, etc. See burraidh.
• bС‰irseach a deluge of rain; a rousing fire (Heb.):
• buiseal a bhshel, Irish buiseul; from English bushel.
• bС‰it bashful (Badenoch): a form of bС‚idich?
• buitseach a witch, so Irish; from English witch; "buidseach agus raitseach".
• bС‰las pot hook; from the Scottish bools, a pot hook in two parts or "bools", Middle English bool, a pail handle, round part of a key, German bГјgel, arc: from Teutonic beugan, bend, English bow. Dialectic pС‰las.
• bumailear bungler; from Scottish bummeler, from bummil, bungle, English bumble; of onomatopoetic origin (Murray). Cf. German bummler, a lounger.
• bun root, stock, bottom, Irish, Early Irish bun, Welsh bon, stem, trunk, Old Welsh boned; Armen. bun; N.Persian bun, Zend buna- (Bugge). Rhys has suggested a comnection with German bГјhne, a stage, boards. Anglo-Saxon bune, "stalk, reed", may be allied. It cannot be connected with bonn, for the stem there is bhuadh-no-, root bhudh. The ultimate root of bun, in any case, is simply bhu, bhГ», grow, swell, Greek @GfСЉw, @Gfu@nlon,a tribe, English boil (n.), German bheule, a swelling, Sanskrit bhumis, earth; bhГ», grow, is identical with bhu, be.
• bunach coarse tow, refuse of flax, so Irish; from bun.
• bunait foundation, Irish bunР±it: bun+Р±it, q.v.
• bungaРјd a hussy (Dial.); from Scottish bungy, pettish.
• bunnlum steadiness, bunntam, bunntamas, solidity, shrewdness; from bun, foundation. Cf. Irish buntomhas, well founded opinion: bun+ tomhas, q.v.
• bunnsach a twig, so Irish, Early Irish bunsach; See buinneag.
• bunnsach a sudden rush; from buinne.
• bunntam solidity; See bunnlum.
• buntР°ta potato, Irish potР±ta, fataidhe; from the English. It contains a piece of folk-etymologising in the syllable bun-, root.
• buntuinn belonging; See buin.
• bС‰rach turning up of the earth, digging; from the Scottish bourie, English burrow. The Scottish bourach, enclosure, cluster, knoll, heap, etc., is the English bower.
• burgaid a purge, , Purgatory; See purgaid, Purgadoir.
• bС‰rlam a flood, rush of water (Arg.); See bС‚rlum.
• burmaid wormwood; from the English Middle Irish in uormoint.
• bС‰rn water; from Scottish burn, water, spring-water, English bourne, burn, a stream, Teutonic brunnon-, a spring, Norse brunnr, well, German brunnen.
• burrachdadh raging:
• burraidh ablockhead, Irish bСЉrraidh; from Scottish burrio (1535), French bourrieau, Latin burrГ¦, nonsense, English burlesque, etc.
• burral a howl, lamentation, so Irish; for the root, which is here short (*bur-ro-?), See bС‰ir. Cf. bururus, however.
• burras a caterpillar:
• burr- as in burr'caid, clumsy person, burr'ghlas, a torrent of rage, etc, seems from ++borr, great, excessive, q.v. burr'sgadh, a burst of passion, may be from English borasco, squall of wind.
• bС‰rt mockery; from Scottish bourd, Middle English bourd, jest, French bourde, a lie.
• burrurus infant lisping, warbling, purling; cf. English purr and purl (Skeat). Evidently onomatopoetic.
• bus a mouth, kiss, Irish, Middle Irish bus, *bussu-; Pre-Celt. @guss-; Teutonic kuss, German kГјssen, kiss, English kiss (Kluge). Bezzenberger cfs. Lit buczСЉti, kiss; others give buc-sa, allied to Latin bucca, cheek.
• busgadh dressing; from the Scottish, English busk.
• busgaid a bustle (M`D.); formed from English busy; cf. Anglo-Saxon bysgy, business.
• bustail puffing, blowing (Heb.); from bus.
• butadh a push; See put.
• butag oar pin; See putag.
• bС‰th a shop; from the English booth, Norse bСЉГ°, shop, root bhu, be. See bothan.
• buthainnich thump, thrash, bang; from the root bhud, beat (English beat)? See buthuinn.
• buthuinn long straw for thatch; cf. sputhainn, straw not threshed, but seedless (Arg.), which seems from spoth.
• butrais, butarrais a mess:

© «lexicons.ru», 2012. Автор и владелец - Игорь Константинович Гаршин (см. резюме).
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