a - vocative particle, Irish a, Old Irish Р±,a; Welsh, Cornish, Breton a; Latin o; Greek @Gw@?
a - his, her, Irish, a, Old Irish Р±, Р±i (accented), Welsh ei, Breton e, Celtic esjo, esjГўs; Sanskrit gen. asyР±, asyГўs. The gen. pl. is an, their, Old Irish a n-, Celtic esjon (Stokes gives esan=Sanskrit gem. gen. pl. ГўsГўm).
a - who, that (rel. pron.). In Gaelic this is merely the verbal particle do of past time, used also to explain the aspiration of the future rel. sentence. Oblique cases are done by an, am (for san, sam, Old Irish san, sam), the neut. of art. used as rel. (cf. English that). The rel. locative is sometimes done by the prep. an, am: "An coire am bi na caoraich" (1776 Collection, p112).
a - out of, ex: See as.
a - from, in the adverbs a nall, a nРјos, a nuas, a null; Irish, Old Irish an-, as anuas, etc.; Celtic a(p)ona, a derivative from Indo-European apo, whence Latin ab, Greek @Ga@'pСѓ; German von, from, is the exact equivalent of the Celtic. The a before sРјos and suas is due to analogy with a nРјos, a nuas.
a - in to, as in a bhР°n, a bhos, a nis, a stigh, a steach, is the prep. an, in, into, q.v.
a - as in a rРјs, &c., and before verbs, is the prep. do, q.v.
a' - the, at; See an, the, and ag, at.
ab - or ab ab, fie! The Irish ab ab, Middle Irish abb is an interjection of defiance, obo, of wonder; cf. Latin babæ, Greek @Gbabaн. Hence doubtless M`A.'s abab, dirt.
aba - abbot, Irish ab, Old Irish abb, Welsh abad; from Latin abbas, abbatis, whence also English abbot. Hence abaid, abbey. Middle Irish apdaine, abbacy, in Middle Gaelic "abbey lands", whence placenames Appin, older Abbathania (1310), Abthein (1220), "abbey lands".
abadh - syllable, utterance; Early Irish apad, proclamation: ad-ba-, Celtic ba, speak; Latin fatur, fama, English fame.
abaich - ripe, Irish abaidh, Middle Irish abaid, Early Irish apaig, *ad-bagi, Old Irish apchugud, autumnatio; *ad-bog-, Celtic root bug, as in bog, q.v.; ad-bach, root of English bake; Greek @Gfw/gw. The Welsh addfed is from a root met.
abaideal - olic (M`A.):
abair
say, so Irish, Old Irish epiur, Celtic Р±d-berГґ; Latin re-fero; See root in beir.
abaisd
a brat, trifling, impudent person:
abalt
expert (M`A.); from Scottish apert? See aparr.
abar
confluence; only in Pictish place names: Old Gaelic (Book of Deer) abbor; Welsh aber, Old Welsh aper, Celtic ad-bero-, root ber; See beir. Modern Gaelic pronounces it obair (so in 17th cent.), which agrees with the Old Welsh oper; this suggests od-bero-, "out flow", as against the "to flow" of ad-bero-. The od is for ud, allied to English out. Aporicum: *ati-boro-n (Holden).
abarach
bold; See abair above.
abardair
dictionary (Shaw); from abair, q.v.
abartach
talkative, bold; from abair, q.v.
Р°bh
hand net; from Norse hР±fr, pock-net. Also tР°bh, q.v. Spelt less correctly Р°mh and Р°bhadh.
abh
bark of dog; an onomatopaetic word.
abhainn
river, Irish abhann (gen. abhann, now aibhne), Old Irish abann, Welsh afon, Breton auon, Gallo-Brit. Abona; Latin amnis (*ab-nis). Root abh; Sk. ambhas, water; Greek @Ga@'fros ( @Go@'/mbros, imber) (Zim. Neu., 270).
Р°bhacas
sport, irony; See Р°bhachd.
Р°bhachd
humour, sport, Irish adhbhachd:
abhag
terrier, Irish abhach; from abh, q.v. Cf. Early Irish abacc, dwarf; Welsh afanc.
abhagas
rumour, false suspicion:
Р°bhaist
custom, Manx oaysh, Irish abhest (O'R.), abaise (O'Br.), ad-beus? Middle Irish Р±baisi (pl.). See beus, custom. Ascoli compares the Old Irish -abais of duabais, teter, and suabais, suavis. Meyer suggests from Norse avist, abode : unlikely.
abhall
an orchard, apple-tree, Middle Irish aball, apple-tree. See ubhal.
abharr
silly jest (M`A.):
abharsair
Satan, Irish aidhbherseСѓir, Early Irish adbirseoir; from Latin adversarius (English adversary). Also aibhistear.
abhcaid
a jest; Р°bhachd.
abhlan
wafer, so Irish, Old Irish obla, g. oblann; from Latin oblationem, an oblation.
abhra
eyelid; See fabhra.
abhras
spinning, produce of distaff, Irish, Middle Irish abhras, Old Irish abras, gestus, Early Irish abras, handiwork, spinning, abairsech, needlewoman. Corm. (B) abras, who derives it from Late Latin abra, ancilla.
abhsadh
the slackening of a sail, hoisting sail (N.H.); from Norse hР±lsa, clew up sail, from hГўls, neck, allied to Latin collum. English hawser is also hence. Also allsadh.
abhsporag
a cow's stomach, tripe (H.S.D.), allsporag, cow's throttle (M`A.); borrowed evidently from a Scandinavian compound of hР±ls, neck. Cf. abhsadh.
ablach
a mangled carcase, Irish ablach, carcase: *Р±d-bal-ac-, from root bal, bel, die, Indo-European gel, whence Eng, quell. Irish has abailt, death, Old Irish epeltu, atbail, perit, from the same root and prefix; the first of them appears in our Gaelic dictionaries through Shaw. From Gaelic comes Scotch ablach.
Р°bran, abran
(M`A. and H.S.D.), an oar-patch on a boat's gunwale; See aparan.
Abraon
April, so Irish; founded on Latin Aprilis (English April). The form is due to folk-etymology, which relates it to braon.
abstol
apostle, Irish absdal, Old Irish apstal, Welsh apostol; from Latin apostolus, whence English apostle.
acaid
a pain, stitch; *Р±d-conti-; See urchoid.
acain
sigh, complaint, Early Irish accР±ine, Welsh achwyn; Р±d+caoin; See caoin, weep.
acair
anchor, Irish ancaire, Old Irish ingor; from Norse akkeri: acairsaid, anchorage, from Norse akkarsaeti, "anchor-seat".
From Latin ancora, whence English anchor.
acair
acre, Irish acra; from English acre; Latin ager.
acarach
gentle; Irish acarach, obliging, convenient, which shades off into acartha, profit; Welsh achar, affectionate; Р±d-car-; See cР°r, friendly. M`A. has acarra, moderate in price, indulgence, which belongs to acartha.
acaran
lumber.
acartha
profit, so Irish; See ocar, interest.
acastair
axle-tree; borrowed word from Scottish ax-tree of like meaning - English axle, &c.
ach
but, Irish achd, Old Gaelic (Book of Deer) act, Old Irish act, acht, *ekstos, possibly, from eks=ex; cf. Greek @Ge@'ktСѓs, without. For the change of vowel, cf. as, from eks. The Welsh for "but" is eithr, from ekster; Latin exter-.
ach
interjection of objection and impatience; founded on ach with leaning upon och.
achadh
a field, so Irish, Old Gaelic achad, Old Irish ached (locative?) campu lus (Adamnan), *acoto-; Latin acies, acnua, field.
achain
prayer; dialect for achuinge, q.v.
acharradh
dwarf, sprite.
achd
statute, so Irish, Middle Irish acht; from Latin actum, English act.
achd
manner, condition, Irish, achd; same as achd. There may be a native aktu- (*ag-tu, *pag-tu?) underlying some meanings of the word, especially in Irish.
achdarr, achdartha
methodical, expert (H.S.D.):
achlaid
chase, pursuit, so Irish, Middle Irish acclaid, fishing, Early Irish atclaid, fishes, hunts, pursues: ad-claidim; See claoidh.
achlais
arm-pit, Irish ascall, Middle Irish ochsal, Welsh cesail. The divergence from regular philologic equivalence here proves borrowing - from the Latin axilla; Norse Г¶xl, German achsel, Scottish oxter.
achlan
lamentation (M`L.); for och-lan? from och.
achmhasan
a rebuke, Irish achmhusР±n, Early Irish athchomsР±n; cf. aithis for root.
achuinge
supplication; also athchuinge, so Irish, Early Irish athchuingid; ath+cuinge; Old Irish cuintgim, peto, con-tek-; English thig. See atach.
acras
hunger, Irish ocrus, Early Irish accorus, occorus: *ad-co-restu-, possibly the root pres of Latin premo: *careo (F@+4. 422).
acuinn, acfhuinn
apparatus, accoutrements, Irish acfuinn, Early Irish accmaing, means, apparatus: ad-cumang, Old Irish cumang, potentia; See further under cumhachd.
ad
hat, Middle Irish at, Welsh het; from English hat, Norse hattr.
ad-, adh-
inseparable prefix, in force and origin the same as Latin ad. It is to be separated, though with difficulty, from the ad- arising from aith- or ath-, q.v.
adag
shock of corn, Irish adag; cf. Scottish hat, hot, hut, "to put up grain in the field, a small stack built in the field"; Middle English hutte, heap.
adag
a haddock; from the English.
adamant
adamant, so Irish; from the English.
adha, ae
liver, Irish aeghe, g. ae, Old Irish Сѓa, ae, Welsh afu, Breton avu, root av Cf. adha for ae, cadha for cae.
adhan
proverb (M`A.); rather aghan, root agh, Latin ajo, adagio, adage; Sanskrit ah, say.
adhal
flesh hook (Sh.), so Irish, Old Irish Р±el, tridens: *pavelo-, Latin pavire? But cf. English awl, Middle English and Anglo-Saxon awel, awl, flesh-hook.
adhaltrach
adulterous, Irish adhaltranach, Early Irish adaltrach; from Latin adulter, whence English adulterous.
adharc
horn, so Irish, Old Irish adarc: ad-arc; root arq, defend, as in teasairg, q.v.; Latin areceo, &c.
adhart
pillow, so Irish, Early Irish adart: ad-art; art, stone? See airtein.
adhart, aghart
"progress" (Dict.). This is a ghost-word, made from the adverbial phrase air adhart, which in Middle Irish is araird, forward, bring forward; in Old Irish arairt, prorsum. Hence it is air+ Р°rd, q.v.
adhbhal
vast, awful, so Irish, Old Irish adbul: *ad-bol-; Indo-European root bhel, swell, as in English bloom, etc. Zimmer compares it with Sanskrit bala, strength. Stokes and Osthoff give root bel, bol, strong, big, Sanskrit balam, strength, Greek @GbР№lteros, better, Latin de-bilis, weak, Church Slavonic boliji@u, greater; whence bailceach (Osthoff) and bail, buil.
adhlac
burial, Irish adhlacadh, Old Irish adnacul, sepulcrum: ad-nank-otlo (*ad-nagtlo-, Zim.): root verb nankГґ, I bring; Latin nanciscor; further Indo-European nenk, enk, as in thig, q.v.
adhna
an advocate (Macd.): H.S.D. cfs. Heb. adhon, sustentator.
ag
at, with inf. only; See aig.
ag, agadh
refusal, doubt; Early Irish ac, refusal, Old Irish acc, no! Welsh acom, to deny. It is onomatopoetic? See agadh.
agadh
hesitancy in speech, Breton hak,hakal; cf. Sanskrit ac, speak indistinctly. See ag.
agair
plead, so Irish, Old Irish acre (n.), from ad-gar-; root gar, cry; See goir.
agallamh
conversation, Irish agallamh, Old Irish acaldam, for ad-glР±d-, Old Irish ad-glР±dur, I converse: for root, See glaodh.
agh
a hind, Irish agh, Old Irish ag, Welsh ewig (*agГ®ko-), Celtic agos-; Sanskrit ajР±s, buck; Lithuanian oz@?y/s, goat. Zend. azi, Armenian ezn (St.).
Р°ghach
warlike, so Irish, Early Irish Р±gach, Р±g, war, *a@-gu-; Sanskrit a@-jРЅs, contest; Greek @Ga@'gw/v, English antagonist.
aghaib
essay (M`A); See oidheirp.
aghaidh
face, so Irish, Old Irish aged, *agitГў; Indo-European roog ag, lead. It is usually referred to the root oq, Latin oculus, etc., but the phonetics are unsatisfactory.
aghann
pan, so Irish, Old Irish, aigen, Celtic aginГў; Sanskrit aga, water jar; Greek @Ga@'/ggos, a vessel.
agus
and so Irish, Old Irish acus, ocus, Book of Deer acus, Old Welsh ac, Breton hag; allied is fagus, near, Old Irish ocus, Welsh agos, Breton hogoz: *aggostu-, ad-gos-; root ges, gos, carry; Latin gero, aggestu-s, mound (Zimmer). Stokes refers it to the root angh, choke, narrow; Celtic aggСЉst-, from pre-Celtic aghnСЉstu- (Latin angustus), with accent on syllable after the root - gn with the accent on the following vowel being supposed, as in Teutonic, to produce gg. The derivation from root onk, enk, as in thig, is not tenable in view of the Welsh.
ai
sheep, swan (Carm.):
aibheil
huge (M`E.). See adhbhal.
aibheis
sea, the deep; Irish aibheis, sea, abyss; Early Irish aibР№is, sea. This Stokes refers to a Celtic abensi-s, abhent-ti-s; root abh, as in abhainn. But cf. Old Irish abis, from Latin abyssus: Welsh affwys, bottomless pit.
aibheis
boasting; aibhsich, esaggerate; Irish aibhseach, boasting: from aibheis? Another form of aibhsich is aillsich.
aibhist
an old ruin (Stew.):
aibhistear
the Devil; another form of abharsair, q.v.
aibhse
spectre, so Irish: See taibhse.
aibidil
alphabet, Irish aibghitir, Old Irish abbgitir, from Late Latin abgetorium, abecedarium, the a, b, c, d, ar alphabet. A dialectic form, aibirsidh, comes from the old learning system, beginning "A per se", a by itself= a, English apersie. Analogised to caibideal (Meyer).
aice
proximity, Irish aice; See taic.
aice
a lobster's burrow, also faiche.
Р°icheadh
deny, Irish aithcheo, contradicting, Middle Irish aithceСѓd: *ati-ceud-(?), "go back on"; cf. Old Irish atchuaid, exposui, which Stokes refers to the root of chaidh, went, q.v.
++aicme
race, Irish, Old Irish aicme, Welsh ach, pedigree, *akk-, from ak, edge; Latin acies? Stokes cfs. Sanskrit anka, lap, but this would give Gaelic Р°k- (a@-) and a Welsh anc. Norse Р±tt, family, German acht, property.
aidheam
joyous carol:
aidich
confess, Irish admhuighim, Old Irish addaimim, Welsh addef: ad-dam-; root dam; Latin domo, English tame.
aifrionn
mass, so Irish, Early Irish oifrend, Welsh offeren; from Latin offerendum (English offer).
aig
at, Irish ag, Old Irish oc; for root, See agus.
Р°igeach
young or entire horse; also С‚igeach= С‚g+ each, q.v. Middle Irish Сѓc-ech, young steed (Eriu@+2 11).
aigeann
the deep, Irish Р°igeun, Early Irish oician, Welsh eigion: from Latin oceanus, English ocean. There is also a by-form aigeal.
aigeannach
spirited, Early Irish aignech; See aigneadh. Irish aigeanta, meditative.
aighear
mirth, Manx aigher; *ati-gar-; See gР°irdeachas for root. Yet Irish aiereach, merry, aerial, from aier, air, from Latin aer, makes the matter doubtful. Irish aerach (Hyde), merry, airy. Evidently the Gaelic is borrowed from the Latin
aigilean
ear-ring, tassel; cf. Scottish aiglet, tagged point, jewel in one's cap; eglie, needlework, from French aiguille, needle; Latin acus.
aigne
the swift, anything quick (Carm.):
aigne, aigneadh
mind, so Irish, Old Irish, aicned: Р±d-gn-eto-, root gna@-, know, Greek @Ggignw/skw, English know. Stokes refers it to the root of ++aicme, as he gives it. Ascoli makes the root cen, as in cineal. The Gaelic g is against any root with c.
Р°il
will; better Р°ill, q.v.
ail, aileadh, ailt
a mark, impression, Irish oil, mark (O'R), Middle and Early Irish aile, fence, boundary (Meyer). A t stem: oiledaib, *al-et.
++ail
rock, Irish and Old Irish ail, *alek-, allied to German fels; See further under mac-talla.
ailbheag
ring; See failbhe.
ailbhinn
flint, precipice; from ++ail, rock.
Р°ile
air, scent, Early Irish aР№l, ahР№l; Welsh avel, Cornish, Breton, awel, wind; Greek @Ga@'Р№lla (St. Lec.), storm; *avel-, root ave, ve, wind; Latin au-ra, Greek @Ga@'c/r, English air.
aileag
hiccup, Irish fail; cf. Latin ha@-lo, breathe, English in-hale.
Р°ilean
a green: *ag-li-? Cf. Latin ager.
Р°ilear
porch:
ailis
blemish, reproach, Old Irish ail, disgrace, Gothic agls?
ailis
mimicing (Wh.); bad atharrais, aith-lis, ( M`A.) aithris.
Р°ill
desire, so Irish, Old Irish Р±il, Welsh ewyll, Breton ioul, Celtic avillo-; root av, desire, Latin aveo, English avidity. Р±il, pleasant, *pagli, English fair ( St. Bez.@+20 24).
Р°ille
beauty, Early Irish Р±lde, for Р±lnde; See Р°lainn.
Р°illeas, Р°ilgheas
will, desire; Irish Р±ilgheas, Early Irish ailges, Р±ilgidim, I desire; from Р±il and geas, request, q.v.
ailleagan
root of the ear, hole of the ear; also faillean, q.v.
Р°illeagan
darling, so Irish; from Р°ille, q.v.
aillean
elecampane: cf. Greek @Ge`lenРЅon, Latin inula. Middle Irish eillinn (Rev.Celt.@+9 231). inula quam alain rustici vocant (Isidor).
ailleant
shy, delicate; Middle Irish ail (O'Cl.), shamefaced.
ailleort
high-rocked; from ++ail, rock; See mac-talla.
aillse
diminutive creature, fairy, Irish aillse;
aillse
cancer, Irish aillis, Old Irish ailsin, cancerem:
aillseag
caterpillar; from aillse.
ailm
the letter A, elm; Irish ailm, palm (fir?) tree, letter A; borrowed from Latin ulmus, Norse Р±lmr, English elm.
ailt
stately, high; Irish ailt, Latin altus, Р°ilt (H.S.D.).
aim-, aimh-
privative prefix; See am-, amh-. See its use in aimhleas (=am-leas), hurt, aimhrea, aimhreidh, confusion (=am-rР№idh), aimbeart, distress, etc. (= am-bert). The vowel in the root is "small", and hence affects the a of am.
aimheal
grief, Irish aithmhР№al, repentance; aith+mР№ala, grief, Early Irish mР№la, sorrow, reproach; *meblo-, a shorter form of Old Irish mebul, dedecus; Greek @GmР№mfomai
aimhfheoil, ainfheoil
proud flesh; from aimh- and feС‚il, q.v.
aimlisg
confusion, mischief:
aimrid
barren, so Irish, Middle Irish immrit, barren, Early Irish amrit; am-ber-ent-, "non-producing"; root ber of beir?
aimsichte
bold (Arms.); am-meas-ichte, "un-mannerly"? See meas.
aimsir
time, so Irish; Old Irish amser, Welsh amser, Breton amzer, possibly a Celtic ammesserГў; either a compound of am, time (ammensГ®rГў, from sГ®r, long?), or amb-mensura, root mens, measure, Latin mensus, English measure. Ascoli and Stokes give the Celtic as Р±d-messera, from ad-mensura.
aimsith
missing of aim, mischance: am-mis-ith, Gaelic root mis of eirmis, q.v.
Р°in
heat (Dict.), light (H.M`Lean), Old Irish Р±ne, fulgor, from Р±n, splendidus, latter a Celtic a@-no-s; Gothic fГґn, fire (from pГўn); Prussian panno. Stokes suggests rather *agno-s, allied to Latin ignis, Sanskrit agnРЅ, fire.
ain-
privative prefix; See an-.
ainbhtheach
stormy, Middle Irish ainbthech, *an-feth-ech, Gaelic rott feth, breeze, from vet, English weather, Latin ventus, etc. See ++anfadh.
ainbi, ainbith
odd, unusual: an-bith, "un-world-like". See bith.
aincheas
doubt, Middle Irish ainches, Early Irish ances, dubium.
ainchis
a curse, rage, Irish aingeis, Early Irish aingcess, Р±nces, curse, anguish; an+ geas, q.v., or Latin angustia?
aineamh
flaw, so Irish, Early Irish anim, Welsh anaf, blemish, Old Breton anamon, mendæ; Greek @Go@'/vonai, blame
Р°inean
a liver, liver of fish (N.H.); See adha.
Р°ineartaich
yawning (aineartaich, M`A.); See Р°inich below.
aineas
passion, fury; an-theas, from teas, heat.
aingeal
angel, so Irish, Old Irish angel, Welsh angel, Breton ael; from Latin angelus, whence also the English
aingeal
light, fire, Manx ainle, Irish aingeal ( Lh., O'Br.), Middle Irish aingel, sparkling: *pangelos, German funke, Middle English funke; further ong, fire, hearth; LIt anglis, coal, Sanskrit aГ±gГўra, glowing coal; Indo-European ongli, ongГґl; allied is Indo-European ognis, fire, Latin ignis. See Fick@+4 14. Skeat derives Scottish ingle from the Gaelic. Also ainneal, a common fire.
aingidh
wicked, Irish aingidhe, malicious, Old Irish andgid, angid, nequam, wicked, andach, sin; *an-dg-id, root deg of deagh, good, q.v.
Р°inich
panting, also aonach; root a@-n-, long form of an, breath (see anail); Sanskrit Гўnana, mouth ("breather").
ainid
vexing.
ainis
anise; from the English. Middle Irish in ainis, gloss on "anisum cyminum dulce".
ainm
name, Irish and Old Irish ainm, pl. anmann, Book of Deer anim, Welsh enw, Breton hanv, *anmen-; Greek @Go@'/noma; Prussian emmens, Church Slavonic ime@?; root ono, allied to no@- in Latin nomen, English name.
ainmhide
a rash fool; See С‚inid.
ainmhidh
beast, brute, Irish ainmhidhe, Middle Irish ainmide, *anem-itio-s, *anem-, life, soul; Latin animal, etc. Irish is also ainmhinte, "animans".
ainmig
rare; an-minig, q.v.
ainneamh
rare; See annamh.
ainneart
force; ain-, excess (see an-), and neart.
ainnighte
tame, from ainneadh, patience (Sh.); possibly from an-dam, root dam, tame.
air
on, upon. This prep. represents three Irish ones:
1. air=Old Irish ar, air, ante, propter, Welsh ar, er, Breton er, Gaul are-, Celtic ari, arei, Greek @GparР±, @GparaРЅ, by, before; Latin prae; English fore, for. This prep. aspirates in Irish, and in Gaelic idioms it still does so, e.g. air chionn.
2. air=Old Irish for, "super", Old Welsh and Old Breton guor, Breton voar, oar, Gaulish ver-; Greek @Gu@`pР№r; Latin s-uper; English over. This prep. did not aspirate; it ended originally in r in Gaelic; as an inseperable prefix (vero-, viro- in Gaulish) it aspirated, as in the modern form of old names like Fergus, now Fearghuis or Fear'uis (gen. case).
3. air=Old Irish iar n-, after, pre-Celtic epron; Sanskrit aparР±m, afterwards, aparena, after; Gothic afar, after, English af-ter. Further come Greek @Go@'pi-, behind, e@'pРЅ-, to, Latin ob-, op-. See iar. This is the prep. that is used with the inf. to represent a perfect or past participle in Gaelic - Tha mi air bualadh; "I have struck".
airbhinneach
honourable; air+beann?
airc
distress, so Irish, Old Irish aircur, pressure; cf. Latin parcus, sparing.
Р°irc
the Ark, Irish airc; from Latin arca.
airchios
pity, clemency (Hend.): See oircheas.
aircill
to watch, listen, Irish aircill; See faircill.
aircleach
a cripple; *airc-lach, from airc, q.v.
Р°ird
point (of the compass), Irish Р±ird, Early Irish aird, Greek @Ga@'/rdis, a point. Hence Scottish airt.
Р°ird
preparation, activity.
Р°irde
height, Irish Р±irde, Early Irish arde; See Р°rd.
Р°irdeil
ingenious:
aire
heed, Irish, Old Irish aire, Old.Brit. Areanos, native watchers who gave intimation to the Romans (Ammianus), pre-Celtic parjГў, par, seek; Greek @GpeГ®ra, trial; Latin ex-perior, English experiment.
Р°ireach
keeper of cattle. There is confusion in Gaelc between Р°ireach and Old Irish aire(ch), lord; the bСѓ-aire, cow-lord, was the free tenant of ancient Ireland. For Old Irish aire, See airidh. Gaelic Р°ireach owes its long vowel to a confusion with Р°rach, rear. See Р°iridh for root.
Р°ireamh
number, so Irish, Old Irish Р±ram, Welsh eirif, *ad-rГ®m-, Celtic rГ®mГў, number; Anglo-Saxon rГ®m, number, English rhyme; Greek @ga@'riqmСѓs, number.
airean
ploughman, herdsman; Irish oireamh, g. oiramhan, ploughman, the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root Р°r, plough.
++airfid
music, harmony; oirfid.
airgiod
silver, so Irish, Old Irish arget, Welsh ariant, Breton arc'hant, Gail. Argento-, Argento-coxus (a Caledonian prince): Latin argentum; Greek @Ga@'/rguros. English argent is from the Latin.
Р°iridh
better Р°irigh, hill pasture, sheiling (airghe, in Lh. for Gaelic); cf. Early Irish airge, Р±irge, place where cows are, dairy, herd of cattle; Early Irish airgech, herdswoman of Brigit; Irish airghe, pl. Р±irРЅghe (O'Br.), a herd of cattle; airgheach, one who has many herds; *ar-egia; Latin armentum? But See Р°rach, rear. Norse or Danish erg from Gaelic equals Norse setr (Ork. Sag.). This Norse form proves the identity of Gaelic with Early Irish airge; airge=ar-agio, *agio, herd.
airilleach
a sleepy person; from ++aireal, bed, Middle Irish aired (O'C.):
airleag
leng, Irish airligim, Old Irish airliciud, lending; from leig, let, which is allied to English loan, Gothic leihvan, German leihen. See leig.
airleas
pledge, earnest, arles; from Scottish arles, older erles, which, through Old French, comes from Latin *arrhula, dim. of arrha, pledge. English earnest, whence Welsh ernes, is probably from the same origin. See eР°rlas.
airneis, Р°irneis
(M`L. & D.), furniture; Irish Р±irneis, cattle, goods, etc., Middle Irish airnis, tools, furniture. The word can hardly be separated from the Romance arnese, accotrements, armour, whence English harness, armour for man or horse. The word is originally of Brittonic origin (Breton harnez, armour), from *eisarno-, iron; See iarunn.
airtein
a pebble, so Irish, Early Irish arteini (pl.), Old Irish art; possibly Gaulish arto- (Arto-briga), Artemia, name of a rock.
airtneal, airsneal
weariness:
Р°is
milk (Carm.), Middle Irish as (O'Dav.).
Р°is
wisdom (Carm.), ais ( O'Cl.) See cnoc ( Carm.).
ais
back, backwards; so Irish, Early Irish aiss, daraaiss, backwards; Gaelic air ais. The forms ais, rithisd rРјs, thairis, seem compounds from the root sta, sto, stand; cf. fois, bhos, ros; ais may be for ati-sta-, or ati-sti-. Ascoli refers ais to an unaccented form of Р№is, track, which is used after tar and di (di a Р№is, post eum; See dР№is) for "after, post", but not for "back", as is air ais, with verbs of rest or motion.
aisead
delivery (obstetrical), Early Irish asait, vb. ad-saiter, is delivered; *ad-sizd-; Latin si@-do, assi@-dere, a reduplication of the root sed, of suidhe, q.v. From ad-sem-t, root sem as in taom (Stokes).
aiseag
a ferry, Irish aiseog (Fol.):
aiseal
axle; it seems borrowed from English axle, Norse Г¶xull, but the Welsh echel, Breton ahel, *aksila, makes its native origin possible, despite the absence of the word in Irish.
aiseal
jollity ( Sh., Arms.); See aisteach.
aisean
rib, Irish, Early Irish asna, Welsh eisen, asen, Cornish asen; cf. Latin assula, splinter, asser, beam (Stokes). Formerly it was referred to the same origin as Latin os, ossis, bone, Greek @Go@'stР№on, but the root vowel and meaning are both unfavourable to this etymology.
aisearan
weanling (Argyle); from ais?
aisg
a request (Sh.), Early Irish ascid; *ad-skv-, root seq., as in sgeul, q.v.
aisgeir
a ridge of high mountains, Irish eiscir, aisgeir (Lh. for latter); *ad-sker-(?), as in English skerry, Gaelic sgeir, q.v. Cf. Welsh esgair (Meyer).
aisig
restore, so Irish, Early Irish assec; possibly=*as-ic, "out-bring", ic=enl; See thig, come.
aisir, aisridh
path; See astar.
aisith
strife; as-sРјth, as-, privative, and sРјth, q.v.
aisling
a vision, dream, so Irish, Old Irish aislinge; possibly *ex-lнng-ia, "a jump out of one-self, ec-stasy", the root being leng of leum, q.v. Nigra suggested the root sil, or sell of seall, see, q.v.; he divided the word as as-sil-inge, Stokes as ad-sell-angia (Beiträge, Vol. VIII)
aisneis
rehearsing, tattle, Early Irish same, Old Irish Р±isndРЅsl aisnР№dim, I relate; (as-ind-fiad-im, Old Irish in-fiadim, I relate); fiad=veid, know; See innis; root vet, Latin veto (Stokes), but this does not account for РЅ of Old Irish aisndРЅs.
aisteach
a diverting fellow, Irish aisdeach, witty:
ait
glad, Irish, Early Irish ait, Old Irish ait, euge! adverbium optantis:
Р°ite
a place, Irish, Early Irish Р±it. Possibly Celtic po@-d-ti, *panti? root po@-d, ped, Latin oppidum, Greek @GpР№don, ground, Sanskrit padР±m, place; as in eadh, q.v. Stokes has referred Р±it to the root that appears in German ort, place, Norse oddr, Old English ord, point, Teutonic uzd-, Indo-European uzdh-; but this in Gaelic would give ud or od.
Р°iteag
a shy girl, See faiteach.
aiteal
breeze, ray, small portion. In the sense of "ray", cf. Greek @Ga@'ktРЅs, ray; in the sense of "quantulum", it may be divided as ad-tel, Old Breton attal, an equivalent, root tel, weight, money; See tuarasdal. actualis?
aiteam
a people, a tribe (Arms.):
aiteamh
a thaw; *aith-ta@--m, Welsh toddi, melt; Latin tabes; Greek @Gtc/kw, melt; English thaw. The Irish word is tionadh (Old Irish tinaid, evanescit), Manx tennue, the root of which is ten, Latin tener, English thin.
aith-
"re-"; See ath-.
aitheamh
fathom, Old Welsh atem, filum; *(p)etemГў; English fathom; Indo-European pet, extend, Latin pateo, etc.
aithinne
fire-brand, Irish, Old Irish aithinne: *aith-tР№n-io-? Root of teine? The root and, kindle, as in Old Irish andud, accendere, adandad, lighting up, is also possible, *aith-and-io- being the form in that case. amhailte (Glen-moriston).
aithis
a reproach, affront, so Irish, Old Irish athiss; *ati-vid-tu-; Gothic idveit, English twit; root vid, wit, know.
aithlis
a disgrace; cf. leas in leas-mhac.
aithne
knowledge, so Irish, Old Irish, aithgne, Welsh adwaen: ati-gn-io- for Irish; Indo-European gen, gna@-, gno@-, to know; Latin cognosco; Greek @Ggignw/skw; English know.
Р°ithne
command, Irish, Old Irish aithne, depositum, command; immР±nim, delego, assign; Welsh adne, custody; the root seems to be a@-n or an, judging from verbal forms, though these scarcely agree with the noun forms. See tiomnadh further.
aithreach
repentant, so Irish, Old Irish aithrech, Cornish edreck, repentance, Breton azrec (do.), *ati-(p)reko-, *ati-(p)rekiГў; root, prek, Latin precor, German fragen, ask, etc. Ascoli makes the root reg, come (see rach).
aithris
tell so Irish *ati-ris, Early Irish ris, a story, *rt-ti, rat, re@-t, German rede, speech, Gothic rathjo, speak, Latin ratio. Cf. Old Irish airissim, from iss.
Р°itidh
damp:
aitionn
juniper, Irish aiteann, Old Irish aitenn, Welsh aith, eithin, Cornish eythinen, Old Breton ethin (gl. rusco), *akto-, Indo-European root ak, sharp, Latin acidus, English acid, edge, Greek a@'/kros, extreme, etc. The nearest words are Lithuanian Р±kstinas, sting, Church Slavonic ostinu. Also aiteal. *at-tenn-, "sharp bush or tree"; from root at, sharp, Early Irish aith, sharp, *atti-, atto-. For -tenn, see caorrunn. Cf. Irish teine, furze.
aitreabh
a building, Irish aitreibh, Early Irish aittreb, Welsh adref, homewards, Gaulish Atrebates; *ad-treb-, the Celtic root treb corresponding to Latin tribus, English thorpe.
Р°l
brood, Irish Р±l, Welsh ael, al: *(p)aglo-; cf. Latin propГўgo, English propogate. Hence Р°laire, brood mare. German adel, nobility.
Р°lach
a brood, set, bank of oars (M`E.):
Р°lach
nails: *a@-l-lach, a@-l-, from (p)agl-, Latin pa@-lus, stake; root pag, pa@-g, fasten, whence Greek @Gpc/gnumi, Latin pango, fix, English page.
alachag, alachuin
See ealachainn.
Р°lainn
beautiful, Irish Р±luin, Old Irish Р±laind; *ad-lainn; See loinn. Stokes prefers referring it to Р±il, pleasant, *pagli-, English fair, root pag. But ra-laind, pleasant, *ad-pland (Holden).
all-
over; See thall.
allaban
wandering:
allail
noble, Middle Irish all, aill, *al-no-s, root al, as in Latin altus.
alladh
fame (either good or bad), Irish alladh, excellency, fame, Early Irish allud; See allail.
allaidh
fierce, wild, Irish allta, Old Irish allaid; possibly from all-, over, the idea being "foreign, barbarous, fierce";, cf. Welsh allaidd of like meanings, from Welsh all, other. See allmharach.
allmharach
a foreigner, foreign, fierce; Irish allmharach, foreigner, transmarine; Early Irish allmarach. From all-, beyond, and muir, sea, "transmarine" (K.Meyer).
allsadh
a jerk, suspending, leaning to one side; See abhsadh.
allsmuain
a float, great buoy:
allsporag
cow's throttle (M`A.); See abhsporag.
allt
a stream, Irish alt, height , (topographically) glen-side or cliff, Old Irish alt, shore, cliff, Old Welsh allt, cliff, Cornish als, Breton aot, shore; all allied to Latin altus. The Gaelic form and meaning are are plssibly of Pictish origin.
all-tapadh
mishap, ill-luck (Wh.); mischance: from all- and tapadh.
alm
alum; from the English.
almsadh
charity (Hend.), Middle Irish almsain.
alp
also ealp (Wh.), ingraft, join closely together: alp in tinkers' Irish, a job of work, hill; ealp=Scottish imper, graft.
alt
joint, Irish, Early Irish alt, *(p)alto-s; root pel, whence English fold, Norse, faldr, German falz, groove; Greek -plР±sios, doubled, for plР±tios. "air alt"= in order that (Wh.).
altach
a grace (at food), Irish altughadh, Old Irish attlugud, rendering thanks, atluchur bude, I give thanks: *ad-tlukГґr, root, tluq; Lithuanian tulkas, interpreter; Latin loquor for tloquor.
altair
altar, Irish, Old Irish altСѓir, Welsh allor, Cornish altor, Breton auter; from Latin altare, altar, "high place".
altrum
fostering, Irish altrom, Old Irish altram, Welsh alltraw, sponsor; root al, nourish, whence Latin alo, Gothic alan, grow, English old.
Р°m
time Irish am, pl. amanna, Early Irish am, *ammen-, from *at-s-men-, root at, Got
am-, amh-
privative prefix; this is the labialised form of an-, q.v.; and being labialised, it is also aspirated into amh-. The forms before "small" vowels in the subsequent syllable are aim-, aimh-.
amach
vulture, so Irish:
amadan
fool, Irish amadР±n: am+ment-, "non-minded", Celtic root ment (dearmad, farmad, etc.), mind; Latin mens, menti-s, English mind, etc. The shorter root men is found in meanmna.
amail
mischief; Early Irish admillim, I destroy: ad+ mill, q.v.
amail
hindrance: ad+ mall; q.v. But Norse hamla, hinder.
amal
swingle-tree; *ad-mol; mol, a beam, especially "a mill shaft", Early Irish mol. Cf. Norse hamla, oar-loop.
amar
channel, mill lead; Early Irish ammor, ammbur, a trough, *amb-or-; Gaulish ambes, rivos, rivers, Ambris, river name; Latin imber; Greek @Go@'/mbos, rain; Sanskrit ambu, water. Zimmer considers the Irish borrowed from Anglo-Saxon Р±mber, amphora, German eimer; but the Gaelic meaning is distinctly against his theory. A borrowing from Latin amphora is liable to the same objection.
amarlaich
blustering (M`A.):
amarlaid
blustering female; not amarlaich.
amart
need ( Hend.). Hend. now questions it, aimbeairt.
amas
hitting, Old Irish ammus, an aim: *ad-mes-; See eirmis.
amasguidh, amsgith
profane, impure: *ad-mesc-id-, "mixed"; See measg.
amh
raw, Irish amh, Early Irish om, Welsh of; root om, o@-m, whence Greek @Gw@'mСѓs; Gothic amsa; Sanskrit amsas.
amhain
entanglement by the neck (M`A.); from amhach.
a mhР°in
only, Irish amhбin, Early Irish amбin; cf. Old Irish nammб (Welsh namyn, but?) = nan-n-mб "ut non sit major" (?). The main root is mб or mу, more, with the negative, but the exact explanation is not easy; "no more than"(?). amhбin =a-(apo)+mаin, *mani; Greek @Gmбnos, spärlich, @Gmonos (St.Z.).
amhartan
luck, Irish amhantur, abhantur, from French aventure, English adventure.
amharus
suspicion, so Irish, Old Irish amairess, infidelitas, am+iress, the latter meaning "faith"; Old Irish iress=air-ess, and *ess is from *sistГў, standing, root stГў, stand, reduplicated; cf. Latin sisto, etc. The whole word, were it formed at once, would look like *am-(p)are-sistГў, or *am-are-sistГў.
amhas, amhusg
wild man, beast man; Irish amhas, a wild man, madman; Early Irish amos, amsach, a mercenary soldier, servant. Conchobar's amsaig, or mercenaries, in the Early Irish saga of Deirdre, appear misunderstood as our amhusgan, monsters; there is probably a reminiscence of the Norse "bear-sarks". Borrowed from Gaulish Latin ambactus (=servus, Festus), through *ambaxus; Cæsar says of the Gaulish princes: "Circum se ambactos clientesque habent". The roots are ambi- (see mu) and ag, go lead (see aghaidh). Hence many words, as English ambassador, German amt, official position, etc. Ir.J., 154, 156, has amhas, in Gaelic force.
Р°mhgar
affliction, Irish amhgar; am-(not) +gar; cf. Old Irish ingir, tristia, from gР±ire, risus. See gР°ir, laughter, for root. Early Irish so-gar, do-gar, @G*hara (St.).
amhladh
distress, dismay (Hend.). See amhluadh.
amhlair
fool, boor, silly talker or behaver (Arg.); Irish amhlСѓir, Old Irish amlabar, mute; from am- (not) and labhair, speak, q.v. Cf. suilbhir.
amhlaisg
bad beer, taplash:
amhluadh
confusion, distress:
amhra
wonderful; *am-porios (St.), @Ga@'/peiros.
amhran
song, Irish amhrР±n, abhrР±n, Middle Irish ambrР±n, Manx, arrane; See С‚ran. Cf. Irish amhra, eulogy, especially in verse; amhra, famous (Lec. 69).
amhsan
(ansan), Dial osan, solan goose; from Latin anser?
amhuil
like, as, Irish amhluidh, Old Irish amail, amal, Old Welsh amal, Welsh mal, Breton evel; from a Celtic samali-, which appears in samhail, q.v.
amhuilt
a trick, deceit (H.S.D., M`E. Р°mhuilt): Cf. aith-mР№la.
Р°mhuinn
oven, Irish С‚igheann; borrowed from English oven.
amlach
curled, amlag, a curl, Middle Irish amlach, from the prep. ambi-, as in mu, q.v.
amraidh, Р°mraidh
( M`E.), cupboard, Irish amri ( O'Br.), Welsh almari; all borrowed from English (Gaelic from Scottish aumrie?) ambry and Middle English almarie, from Old French almarie, from Latin armarium, place of tools or arms, from arma.
an, a'
the, Irish an, Old Irish in (mas. and fem.), a n- (neut.); a t- appears before vowels in the nom. masc. (an t-athair), and it is part of the article stem; a Celtic sendo-s (m.), sendГў (f.), san (n.). Sendo-s is composed of two pronominal roots, dividing into sen-do-; sen, judging by the neuter san, is a fixed neuter nom. or acc. from the Celtic root se (Indo-European sjo, beside so-, allied to Anglo-Saxon se, the, seСѓ, now she. The -do- of sendo-s has been referred by Thurneysen and Brugmann to the pron. root to- (English tha-t, Greek @GtСѓ); it is suggested that to- may have degenerated into do- before it was stuck to the fixed form sen. Sen-to- could not, on any principle otherwise, whether of accentuation or what not, produce the historical forms. It is best to revert to the older etymology, and refer do- to the pronominal root appearing in the Latin fixed cases (enclitic) -dam, -dem, (qui-dam, i-dem, etc.), the Greek @G dР№, @G-de (as in @Go@`/-de, this), Church Slavonic da, he. The difference, then, between Greek @Go@`/-de and Gaelic sen-do-s is this: the Greek inflects the first element ( @Go@`= so) and keeps the @G de fixed, whereas Gaelic reverses the matter by fixing the sen and inflecting the do-; otherwise the roots are the same ultimatley, and used for almost similar purposes.
an
in, Irish a n- (eclipsing), Old Irish i, i n-, Welsh yn, Breton en; Latin in; Greek @Ge@'n; English in, etc. Generally it appears in the longer form ann, or even as ann an; See ann.
an
interrogative particle, Irish an, Old Irish in; Latin an; Gothic an.
an-
negative prefix, Irish an-, Old Irish, an-, in-; Welsh, Cornish, Breton an-; Celtic an, Indo-European n@.-, Latin in-, Greek @Ga@'-, @Ga@'n-, English un-, Sanskrit a-, an-, etc. It appears before labials and liquids (save n) as am-, aspirated to amh-; with consequent "small" vowels, it becomes ain-, aim-, aimh-. Before g, it becomes ion-, as in iongantas. Before c, t, s, the an- becomes eu- and the t and c become medials (as in beud, breug, feusag). See also ana-.
ana-
negative prefix, Old Irish an-, sometimes aspirating; Gaelic ana-creidimh, disbelief, Old Irish ancretem, but ainfhior, untrue; Middle Irish ainfhРЅr. This suggests a Celtic anas- for the first, and ana- for the second, extensions of the previous an-; cognate are Greek @Ga@'\nis, @Ga@'\neu, without; German ohne, Gothic inu, without.
ana-, an-, ain-
prefix of excess; Irish an-, ain-, Middle Irish an-; Irish aspirates where possible (not t, d, g), Gaelic does so rarely. Allied are Greek @Ga@'na, up, Gothic ana, English on. Hence ana-barr, excess; ain-neart, violence; ain-teas, excessive heat, etc.
anabas
dregs, refuse, also green, unripe stuff cut; from an-abaich.
anabhiorach
centipede, whitlow:
anacail
defend, save; Irish anacail, protection, Early Irish anacul (do.). This Ascoli refers to the same origin as adnacul; See adhlac.
anacair
sickness, affliction, so Irish, an-shocair. Irish Jl. 156. See acarach.
anail
breath, Irish and Old Irish anР±l, Welsh anadl, anal, Cornish anal, Breton alan, Celtic anatlГў; an, breathe, Gothic anan, to breathe, Sanskrit anila, wind. See anam also.
anainn
eaves, top of house wall:
anam
soul, so Irish, Old Irish anim (d. anmin), Cornish enef, Middle Breton eneff, Breton ene, Celtic animon- (Stokes); Latin animus, anima; Greek @Ga@'/nemos, wind.
anamaint
lust, perversity (Hend.), ana+mРёin.
anart
linen, Irish, Early Irish anairt, Old Irish annart, *an-arto-; root pan, pa@-n; Latin pannus, cloth; Greek penСѓs, thread on the bobbin; Gothic fana, cloth, Anglo-Saxon fana, small flag, English vane, fane.
Р°nart
pride:
anasta
stormy; *an-fadh-asta; See ++anfadh, storm.
ancachd
adversity (Hend.):
an drР°sta
now; for an-trГўth-sa, "the time here", q.v.
anlamh, annlamh
misfortune; an-(not)+ lamh; See ullamh for lamh.
ann
there, Irish, Old Irish and, *anda (Stokes); Cyprian Gr @Ga@'/nda (= @Ga@'/utc, this, she); Lithuanian Р°ndai, newly, Р°ns, anР°, ille, illa; Church Slavonic onu@u, that; Sanskrit ana, this (he).
ann, ann an
in, Irish ann, Early Irish ind, Old Irish ind-ium (in me), Celtic endo (Stokes); Latin endo, indu, into, in; Greek @Gc@'/ndon, within, @Gc@'/ndoqen; English indo. The roots are en (see an), in, and do (see do), to. In ann an, the two prepositions ann and an are used. The form anns is used before the article and relative; the -s properly belongs to the article; anns an, in the, is for ann san.
++annaid, annoid
a church, Middle Irish annСѓit, Old Irish andoСѓit, mother-church. Stokes refers it to Late Latin antitas, for antiquitas, "ancient church". In Scottish place-names it appears as Annet, Clach na h-Annaid, etc. Cf. annone, church (O'Dav.), from Hebrew.
annaladh
era, calendar, Irish analach, chronicle; from Latin annalia.
annlan
condiment, Early Irish annland, Welsh enllyn; possibly an+leann.
annrach, Р°nrach
wanderer, stranger; either from *ann-reth-ach, root reth, run (see ruith, faondradh), or from *an-rath-ach, "unfortunate", root rath, luck, q.v.
annrath
distress, Irish anrath; an-rath; See rath, luck. The Early Irish andrСѓ appears to be of a different origin.
annsa
dearer, better liked, so Irish, Middle Irish andsa, preferable:
ao-
privative prefix; for eu-, this is for an- (not), before c and t. See an-.
aobhach
joyous; See aoibhinn.
aobhar
cause, Irish adhbhar, Old Irish adbar, *ad-bero-n; root ber, Indo-European bher, whence Latin fero, English bear, etc.
aobharrach
a young person or beast of good promise, hobble-dehoy; from aobhar, material.
aobrann
ankle, Old Irish odbrann, Welsh uffarn: *od-bronn, *ud-brunn-, "out-bulge"; ud-=English out, and brunn-, See brщ, belly. Stokes (Academy, June, 1892) makes od- to be for pod, foot, Gr @Gpoъs, @Gpod-уs, English foot, etc.
aodach
clothes, Irish eudach, Old Irish Р№tach, *ant-ac-os; root pan, as in anart, q.v. Cf. Lithuanian pinti, plait, twine, Church Slavonic pe@?ti, wind, Latin pannus, etc. Strachan cfs. Alb. ent, int, weave, Greek @Ga@'/ttomai, weave.
aodann
face, Irish Р№adan, Old Irish Р№tan, Celtic antano- (Stokes); Latin ante; Greek @Ga@'vtРЅ, against; English and; Sanskrit Р±nti, opposite.
aodraman
bladder, Irish Р№adromР±n; See aotrom.
aog
death; See eug.
aogas, aogasg
face, appearance, Middle Irish Р№cosg (O'Cl), Old Irish Р№cosc, habitus, expression, *in-cosc; See caisg, check. Cf. Old Irish in-cho-sig, significat.
aoghaire
shepherd, so Irish, Middle Irish aegaire, Old Irish augaire, *ovi-gar-; for ovi-, sheep, see С‚isg. The -gar- is allied to Greek @Ga@'geРЅrw, @Ga@'gorР±, meeting place, market.
aoibh
civil look, cheerful face, Irish aoibh, pleasant, humour, Early Irish Р±eb, Old Irish Сѓiph, beauty, appearance, *aibГў (Thurneysen), mien, look, Prov. French aib, good manners. Ascoli refers it to the root of Р№ibheall (q.v.), a live coal, the underlying idea being "shining, sheen". This would agree as to the original force with taitinn, please, taitneach, pleasant.
aoibhinn
pleasant, joyful, so Irish, Early Irish Р±ibind, Сѓibind. See aoibh for root.
aoideag
hair-lace, fillet, from root of aodach.
aoigh
guest, Irish aoidhe, pl. aoidheadha, Old Irish уegi, pl. уegid, *(p)oig-it; cf. the Teutonic *faig-iþ-, whence Norse feigr, doomed to die, Anglo-Saxon fбege, doomed, English fey (Schräder). Stokes gives the Celtic as (p)oik-it, poik, whence English foe (cf. Latin hostis, hospes); but the Gaelic gh of aoigh is against this otherwise satisfactory derivation. As against Schräder's etymology, might be put a reference to the form found in Greek @Goi@'/homai, go, Lithuanian eigа, going, gurther root ei, go; the idea being "journey-taker". Commonly misspelt aoidh.
aoigh
pleasant countenance, Irish aoibh.
aoine
fast, , Friday, Irish aoine, Friday, Old Irish oine, fast, Breton iun; from Latin jejunium, a fast, fast-day, English jejune. Stokes suggests Greek @GpeinР±w, hunger, as cognate, making it native: *poin-io-. Unlikely.
aoineadh
a steep brae with rocks, Manx eaynee, steep place:
aoir
a satire, Irish aor, Early Irish Р±er, Old Irish Р±ir. *aigrГў, @Ga@'ishos, Gothic aiviski: aigh (St.). Prellwitz gives Greek and Gothic and root. Ascoli refers this word and Old Irish tathР±ir, reprehensio, to tР°ir, q.v.
aoir
sheet or bolt-rope of a sail:
aoirean, airean
ploughman, herdsman, Irish oireamh, g. oireamhan, ploughman, the mythic Eremon, Airem(on), *arjamon-, Sanskrit Arjaman, further Aryan(?); root Р°r, plough.
aoirneagan
see aonagail.
aois
age, Irish aois, Old Irish Р±es, Р±is, Сѓis, Welsh oes, *aivestu-; Latin @oevum, @oetas, English age; Greek @Gai@'Р№s, @Gai@'eРЅ, always; English aye. From *aie-tu, Latin oitor, utor, @GdРЅ-aita (Th. St. Arch. 276).
aol
lime, Irish aol, Old Irish Р±el: *aidlo-, from aidh, light, fire, Greek @Gai@'qw, gleam (St.). See Mackay.
aolach
dung, Irish aoileach, Old Irish ailedu, etercora, Welsh add-ail, eluvies. Ascoli compares Old Irish Р±il, probrum, but this word is probably cognate with Gothic agls, aglus, difficult, shameful, and may not be allied to aolach.
aolais
indolence:
aolmann
ointment: founded on the English ointment. Cf. iarmailt, armailt.
aom
incline, Irish aomadh, inclining, attracting:
aon
one, Irish aon, Old Irish Сѓin, Сѓen, Welsh, Cornish, Breton un; Latin unus (=oinos); Gothic ains, English one.
aonach
moor, market place, Irish aonach, fair, assembly, Old Irish Сѓinach, Сѓenach, fair, *oin-acos, from aon, one, the idea being "uniting, re-union". Some have compared the Latin agonium, fair, but it would scarcely suit the Gaelic phonetics.
aonach
panting; See Р°inich.
aonadh
ascent:
aonagail, aonagairt, aoineagan,
wallowing (H.S.D.); See uainneart; uan=foam.
aonais
want; See iщnais.
aorabh
bodily or mental constitution:
aoradh
worship, Irish adhradh, Old Irish adrad; from Latin adoratio, English adoration.
aotrom
light, Irish Р№adtrom, Old Irish Р№tromm; *an+trom, "non-heavy". See trom.
ap
ape, Irish ap, Welsh ab; from English ape.
aparan
apron, gunwale patch (N.H.): from the English
aparr
expert; from Scottish apert, from Old French apartР№, military skill, from Latin aperio, open, English aperient, expert, etc.
aparsaig
knapsack; from English haversack.
ar, ar n-
our, so Irish and Old Irish *(s)aron; this form may have arisen from unaccented n@.s-aron (Jub.), like Gothic uns-ar (us of English and ar), German unser, English our (Thurneysen). Stokes refers it to a Celtic (n)ostron, allied to Latin nostrum. See further at bhur.
ar
seems; ar leam, methinks, Irish Middle Irish dar, Early Irish indar, atar, with la, Old Irish inda, ata, da; where ta, tar is the verb tha (thathar), is, with prep. or rel. in before it. Tha leam-sa (Mrs Grant). See na, than.
Р°r
plough, Early Irish ar, Welsh ar, ploughed land; Latin aro; Lithuanian ariщ Gothic arjan, English ear, plough.
Р°r
battle, slaughter, Irish and Old Irish Р±r, Welsh aer, *agro-; root ag, drive; Greek @Ga@'/gra, chase; See Р°gh.
Р°ra
kidney, Irish Р±ra(nn), Old Irish Р±ru, g. Р±ran, Welsh aren, *n@.fron-; Latin nefro@-nes; Greek @GnefrСѓs, German nieren. Stokes refers Р±ra to ad-rГЄn, the ren being the same as Latin ren.
arbhar
corn, so Irish, Early Irish arbar; Old Irish arbe, frumentum; Latin arvum, field. Also Gaulish arinca, "frumenti genus Gallicum" (Pliny), Greek @Ga@'/rakos, vetch, Sanskrit arakas, a plant.
arbhartaich
dispossess; *ar-bert-; ar for ex-rСѓ?
arc
fungus on decayed wood, cork, arcan, cork, a cork, stopple, Irish arcan, cork (Lh.):
archuisg
experiment (Sh.):
arcuinn
cow's udder:
Р°rd
high, Irish, Early Irish Гўrd, Gaulish Ardvenna; Latin arduus; Greek @Go@'rqСѓs
ard-dorus
lintel, Irish ardorus, fardorus; Р°rd- here is a piece of folk etymology, the real word being ar, air, upon. See air and dorus.
arfuntaich
disinherit; *ar-fonn-. See arbhartaich.
argarrach
a claimant; *air+gar; See goir.
argumaid
argument, Irish argumeint, Old Irish argumint; from Latin argumentum.
Р°rlas
chimney, Early Irish forlР№s, roof light; air+ leus, q.v.
arm
weapon, Irish, Old Irish arm, Welsh arf; from Latin arma, whence English arms. Stokes says unlikely from Latin
armadh
working wool in oil, the oil for working wool. Cf. aolmann.
Р°rmunn
a hero, Irish armann, sn oggivrt, Early Irish armand, from an oblique case of Norse Р±rmaГ°r (g. Р±rmanns, harmost, steward.
Р°rloch
hamlet, dwelling:
Р°ros
a dwelling, Irish Р±rus, Middle Irish aros, Welsh araws, aros; *ad-rostu-; English rest is allied to rostu-.
arrachd
spectre, Irish, Early Irish arracht; *ar-rig-; See riochd for root. Irish has also arrach, contour, spectre.
arrachogaidh
the first hound that gets wind of, or comes up to the deer (Sh.):
arraghaideach
careless (Sh.):
arraideach
erratic: from the English? earraid, hermit?
arraidh, farraidh
suspicion (M`D).
arraing
a stitch, convulsions, so Irish; *ar-vreng-? English wrench, etc.
arral
foolish pride:
arronta
bold; See farrant.
arrusg
awkwardness, indecency, arusg (M`A.):
ars, arsa
quoth, Irish ar, Early Irish ar. The s of the Gaelic really belongs to the pronoun sР№ or sРј, said he, said she, "ar sР№, ar sРј". Cf. Middle Gaelic "ar san tres ughdar glic" - said the third wise author (san being the full art.; now ars an. The Early Irish forms bar and for, inquit, point to the root sver, say, English swear, answer. Stokes refers it to the root ver, verdh, English word, adducing Early Irish fordat, ordat, oldat, inquiunt, for the verdh root. Thurneysen objects that ol or for is a preposition, the -dat being the verb ta on analogy with other forms indР±s, oldР±te. The original is al, propter, "further" (see "thall"), like Latin tum ("tum ille" - then he), later or or for, and later still ar - all prepositions, denoting "further".
Р°rsaidh
old, Irish Р±rsaidh, Old Irish arsid: *ar-sta-; sta, stand. It was not observed that Stokes had the word; but the same conclusion is reached. His stem is *(p)arostГўt, from paros, before, and stГўt, Sanskrit purР±stГўt, erst.
arsnaig
arsenic; from the English
arspag
large species of sea-gull, larus major:
artan
a stone; See airtein.
artlaich
baffle; See fairtlich.
Р°ruinn
a forest; *ag-ro-ni-, root ag, Greek @Ga@'/gra, the chase.
as, a
out of, from, Irish as, Old Irish ass, a, Welsh a, oc, Breton a, ag, Gaulish ex-; Latin ex; Greek e@'x, etc. as- is also used as a privative particle.
asaid
delivery; See aisead.
asair
also fasair, the herb "asara bacca"; borrowed from Latin name.
asal
an ass, so Irish, Middle Irish assal, Welsh asyn, Cornish asen. Gaelic and Irish are borrowed from Latin assellus, the Welsh and Cornish from Latin asinus.
asbhuain
stubble; *as-buain, "out-reaping", q.v.
ascaoin
unkind, wrong side of cloth (caoin is ascaoin); as-, privative, and caoin, q.v.
asgaidh
present, boon, Early Irish ascad, Old Irish ascid (Meyer); for root, See taisg.
asgailt
a retreat, shelter; See fasgadh, sgР°il: *ad-scath-, ascaid.
asgall
bosom, armpit, so Irish, Breton askle, Welsh asgre, bosom. The same as achlais (q.v.) be metathesis of the s.
asgan
a grig, merry creature, dwarf (Arms.). See aisteach.
asgnadh
ascending, so Irish; *ad-sqendГґ-; :at. scando, etc.
aslach
request, Irish, Old Irish aslach, persuasio, adslig, persuades; for root, See slighe, way.
aslonnach
prone to tell (Arms.), Early Irish asluindim, I request; * ad- sloinn, q.v.
asp
an asp, Welsh asp, from the English
Р°sran
a forlorn object, Irish asrР±nnach, astrannach, a stranger: from astar?
astail
a dwelling; See fasdail.
astail
a contemptible fellow (M`A.):
astar
a journey, Irish asdar, astar, Early Irish astur; *ad-sod-ro-n, root sod, sed, go; Greek @Go@`dСѓs, way, Church Slavonic choditi, go; English ex-odus. Stokes (Bez. Beit.@+21 1134) now gives its Celtic form as *adsГ®tro-, root sai of saothair, toil.
Р°suing, Р°suinn Р°suig
apparatus, weapon; See asair(?).
at
swell, Irish at, Old Irish att, *(p)at-to-, root pat, extend, as in aitheamh, q.v. Stokes gives Celtic as azdo- (Gothic asts, twig, etc.); but this would be Gaelic ad.
++atach
request, Book of Deer attР±c, Early Irish atach, Old Irish ateoch, I pray, *ad-tek-; English thig.
atach
cast-off clothes (Uist, etc.)=ath-aodach.
ataig, atuinn
a palisade, stake:
atamach
fondling, caressing (M`A):
ath
next, again: See ath-.
ath
flinch; from ath-, back. Hence athach, modest.
ath-, aith-
re-, so Irish, Old Irish ath-, aith-, ad-, *ati, Welsh ad-, Breton at-, az-; Gaulish ate: Latin at, but, at- (atavus); Lithuanian at-, ata-, back, Slavonic otu@u; Sanskrit ati, over. Stokes divides Celtic ati- into two, meaning respectively "over" and "re-"; but this seems unnecessary.
Р°th
a ford, Irish, Old Irish Р±th, *jГўtu-; SanskrityГў, to go; Lithuanian jСѓti, ride (Stokes). :
Р°th
a kiln, Irish Р±ith, Welsh odyn. Stokes refers this to a pre-Celtic apati-, apatino-, parallel to English oven, Gothic auhns, Greek @Gi@'pnСѓs. Bezzenberger suggests the Zend. Гўtar, fire, as related.
athach
a giant, Irish fathach, athach; root pat, extend?
++athach
a breeze, Irish, Old Irish athach; Greek @Ga@'tmСѓs, vapour, English atmosphere; German atem, breath; etc.
athainne
embers, so Irish; *ath-teine(?) See aithinne.
athailt
a scar; See ath-ail; See ail, mark.
athair
father, so Irish, Old Irish athir; Latin pater; Greek @Gpatc/r; Sanskrit pitР±r; English father.
athair-neimh
serpent, Breton aer, azr; for nathair- neimh, q.v.
athair-thalmhainn
yarrow, milfoil, Irish and Middle Irish athair talman; "pater-telluris!" Also earr-thalmhainn, which suggests borrowing from English yarrow.
athais
leisure; ath- fois = delay, q.v.
athar
evil effect, consequence (M`A., Whyte), *at-ro-n from ath, "re-". See comharradh. Scottish aur = athailt.
athar
sky, air, Irish aiР№ur, air, sky, Old Irish aР№r, aier, Welsh awyr; from Latin aer, whence English air. See St. for aР№r, *aver? Cf. padhal, ataidhir, adhal.
atharla
heifer; possibly ath-ar-laogh, "ex-calf". Cf. Early Irish aithirni, calf.
atharnach
second crop, ground cropped and ready for ploughing (N.H.) ath-eС‚rn-ach? *ath-ar-nach, root Р°r, plough.
atharrach
alteration, Irish atharrach, Old Irish aitherrach, Breton adarre, afresh, arre, *ati-ar-reg-, rrot reg of Рёirich. Stokes analyses it into ati-ex-regГґ, that is ath-Р№irich.