Garshin.Ru Лексиконы

Пишите English

An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language (C)

Домой:	Рус	Анг	Ита	Исп	Эсп

Здесь приведен этимологический словарь (на фонему C) гэльского (исконного шотландского) языка - пока на английском языке (см. английский словарный фонд).

C

• c' for co, cia, who, what, q.v.
• cР°, ca where, Irish cР±, how, where, who; a by-form to cia, cРё, q.v.
• cab a gap, indentation, mouth, Irish cab, mouth, head, gap, cabach, babbling, indented. The word is borrowed from two English words - gap and gab (Middle English gabben, chatter); Gaelic has also gab, directly from gab of the Scottish Hence cabach, gap-toothed.
• cР°bag a cheese; Scottish cabback, kebbock. The latter form (kebbock) is probably from a Gaelic ceapag, cepag, obsolete in Gaelic in the sense of "a cheese", but still used for the thick wooden wheel of wheel-barrows; it is from Gaelic ceap. Scottish cabback is a side form of kebbock, and it seems to have been re-borrowed into Gaelic as cР°bag. The real Gaelic word for "a cheese" is now mulachag.
• cabaist
• cabbage, Irish gabР±isde; from the English
• cР°ball a cable, Irish cabla; from English cable, which, through French, comes from Latin capulum.
• cabar a rafter, caber, deer's horn, Irish cabar, Welsh ceibr, rafters, Old Breton cepriou, beams; from a Medieval Latin *caprio, a rafter, capro, caprones (which exists as a genuine 8th century word), French chevron, rafter. caprio is from caper, goat; Latin capreoli, goat-lets, was used for two beams meeting to support something, props, stays.
• cabasdar, cabstar a bit, curb, Welsh cebystr, Breton kabestr; from Latin capistrum, halter, "head-holder", from caput.
• cabhag hurry:
• cabhlach a fleet, Irish cobhlach, cabhlach, Early Irish coblach; *cob-lach; from kub, *qu@g, curve, root of Latin cymba, boat, Greek @GkСЉmbc, boat, cup, especially Latin cybaea, a transport (*kubaРЅa.
• cabhladh ship's tackle, Irish cР±bhluighe; cf. cabhlach and English cable.
• cР°bhruich sowens, flummery, Irish cР±thbhruith; from cР±th and bruith, q.v.
• cabhsair
• causeway, Irish cabhsa; from English causey, causeway, from Old French caucie, from Latin calciata (via).
• cabhsanta dry, snug; from Scottish cosie, colsie, English cosy, whose origin is unknown.
• cabhtair an issue, drain in the body (M`D., who, as cautair, explains it as "an issue or cauter"); from English cauter.
• cabhuil a conical basket for catching fish; from Middle English cawell, a fish basket, still used in Cornwall, Anglo-Saxon cawl. Cf. Breton kavell, bow-net, Old Breton cauell, basket, cradle; from Latin cauuella, a vat, etc. (Loth, Ernault).
• cР°blaid turmoil, hindrance, trouble (Wh.): See cР°praid.
• cabon
• capon (M`D.), Irish cabСЉn; from English capon.
• cac excrement, so Irish, Early Irish cacc, Cornish caugh, Breton kac'k, *kakko-; Latin caco; Greek @GkР±kkc; Sanskrit çбka, g. Г§aknР±s.
• cР°ch the rest, others, Irish, Old Irish cР±ch, quivis, Welsh pawb, all, Breton pep, *qР±qe; root qo@-, qo, qe of co and gach, q.v.
• cachdan vexation, Irish cacht, distress, prioner, Early Irish cachtaim, I capture, Welsh caeth, slave, confined: *kapto-, caught; Latin capio, captus; Gothic haban, English have.
• cachliadh ( Arms.), cachaleith ( H.S.D.), a gate; co-cliath, "co-hurdle"; See cliath, cleath, hurdle, wattle. Also cachliag, (C.S.). It has also been explained as cadha-chliath, "hurdle-pass". Carmichael gives alternate cliath-na-cadha.
• cadadh tartan cloth, hose tartan, Manx cadee, cotton; English caddow (16th cent.), an Irish quilt or cloak; doubtless from English caddis, worsted, crewel work, etc., French cadis, woolen serge. See also catas.
• cadal sleep, Irish codladh, Old Irish cotlud, vb. contulim: *con-tul-, root tol; Church Slavonic toliti, appease, placare, Lithuanian tilas, quiet (Persson). The root tol, tel, appears in trР°th, gentle, Latin tolerare, Scottish thole.
• cadan
• cotton (Sh.); from English cotton. Properly codan, which is the usual dialect form. See cotan. For Irish cadР±s, cotton, See catas.
• cadha a pass, narrow pass, entry; cf. Irish caoi, way, road, Early Irish cР±i, which Stokes, however, refers to the root ci as in Latin cio, move, Greek @GkРЅw, go, a derivation which does not suit the Gaelic phonetically. cae (Meyer).
• cadhag jackdaw, Irish cabhСѓg, Middle Irish caog; *ca-Сѓg, the ca-er or crier of ca, caw; on onomatopoetic origin. Cf. English caw; also chough, from a West Teutonic kГўwa-.
• cadhag a wedge (M`A. for Skye):
• cadhan wild goose, barnacle goose, so Irish; cf. English caw, for possibly the name is onomatopoetic. Corm. (B) cadan.
• cadh-luibh the cud-weed (Sh. gives cad-luibh, and O'Br.), Irish cadh-luibh; from Middle English code, a cud. M`A. omits the word; it is clearly Irish. The Gaelic is cnР°mh lus, which is its Latin name of gnaphalium in folk etymology.
• cadhmus a mould for casting bullets; from Scottish cawmys, calmes (16th century), caums, English calm, came.
• cagailt a hearth, Irish cagailt, raking of the fire (O'R.):
• cagar a whisper, Irish cogar, Middle Irish coccur; cechras, qui canet, cairche, sound; root kar, of Latin carmet, Greek @Gkc@nrux, herald (Stokes).
• cagaran darling: *con-car-; root car, dear, as in caraid.
• caglachan something ground to pulp or dust (M`D.):
• cagnamh
• chewing, Irish cognadh, Middle Irish cocnum, Old Irish cocnom: *con-cnР±mh; See cnР°mh.
• caibe a spade, turf cutter, Irish coibe, cuibe (O'R., Fol.), Welsh caib, Old Cornish cep.
• caibeal a chapel (M`D.); from Latin capella. The Gaelic really is seipeal, q.v.
• caibheis giggling, laughing:
• caibideil, caibdeil a chapter, Irish caibidil, Early Irish caiptel, Welsh cabidwl; from Latin capitulum, whence Old French chapitre, English chapter.
• caidir
• cherish, so Irish See caidreabh.
• caidreabh fellowship, affection, vicinity, so Irish, Middle Irish caidrebh, Celtiberian Contrebia: *con-treb-; See aitreabh, treabh.
• caig
• conversation, claque (Arg.); teaze (Perth):
• caigeann a couple (of animals), coupling: *con-ceann; from ceann, q.v.
• caigeann a winding pass through rocks and brushwood, a rough mountain pass (Dial. = cadha-Р№iginn).
• caigeann scrimmage (M`D.):
• cР°il
• condition, vigour, appetite, anything (cР°ileigin), Irish cР±il, Welsh cael, to have, get, enjoy, *kapli-, *kapelo-: root qap; Latin capio, English have.
• cailbhe a partition wall (of wattle or clay, etc.); from calbh, q.v.
• cailc
• chalk, Irish, Early Irish cailc, Welsh calch; from Latin calx, calcis, whence also English chalk.
• caile girl, wench, Irish caile, hussy, Early Irish caile; cf. Breton plac'h, girl; Greek @Gpallakc/, concubine, Latin pellex. Usually caileag, girl.
• cР°ileach husks, Irish cР±ithleach: cР±ith-lach; s ee cР°th. From cР°th comes also cР°ilean, a husk.
• caileadair philosopher, star-gazer; from the English calender, a mendicant dervish, from Persian qalander.
• cailidear snot, rheum ( M`F., cailidhir in Sh.). O'R. improves this into cailidР№ar.
• cailis
• chalice, Irish cailРЅs; from Latin calix, cup, English chalice.
• cailise kails, ninepins (M`D.); from English kails, Middle English cailis, from keyle, a peg, German kegel, a cane, ninepin.
• cailleach old wife, nun, so Irish, Old Irish caillech, "veiled one"; from caille, veil, which is from the Latin pallium, cloak, English pall.
• caillteanach eunuch, so Irish; from caill, lose. See call.
• cР°imein a mote, Irish cР±im, a stain, blemish; from cР°m.
• caimeineach saving (Carm.):
• caimhleachadh, caingleachadh restraining (Carm.).
• caimir a fold:
• caimleid
• camlet; from the English
• cР°in a tax, a tribute, Irish cР±in, Early Irish cР±in, statute, law: *kap-ni-, root qap, as in cР°il? Stokes refers it to the root kГўs, order, Sanskrit çâs (do.), Latin castigare, castus, Gothic hazjan, praise. Hence Scottish cain.
• cР°in white: from Latin ca@-nus.
• cР°in scold, revile, Irish cР±in, Middle Irish cР±ined, scolding: *kag-niГґ or kakniГґ(?); Greek @GkahР±zw, laugh, @GkaghР±zw, Latin cachinnus; Old High German huohГґn, mock; Sanskrit kakhati, laugh.
• cainb hemp, Irish cnР±ib, Middle Breton canap; from Latin cannabis, allied to English hemp.
• caineal
• cinnamon; from Scottish and obsolete English cannel, canel, cinnamon, from Old Greek canelle, from Latin canella, dim. of canna, cane.
• caingeann a fine (Heb.), Irish caingean, a rule, case, compact, etc.: Caingis Pentecost, Irish cingcis, Early Irish Cingcigais; from the Latin quinquagesima (dies, 50th day from the Passover).
• cainneag a mote:
• cainneag a hamper (Skye):
• cainnt speech, Irish caint; from can, say, q.v. Stokes gives the stem as *kan(s)ti, root kans, Skr Г§asti, prise, from Г§ams, speak, Latin censeo.
• caiptean a captain, Irish, Middle Irish caiptРЅn; from Middle English capitain, from Old French capitaine, Latin capitaneus, caput, head.
• cР°ir a blaze, sea foam, etc.; See rather caoir.
• cР°ir the gum, Irish cР±ir (cairib, Fol.):
• cР°ir a peat moss, dry part of the peat moss (Dial.); from English carr, boggy ground, Norse kjarr, brushwood. Also cР°thar, q.v.
• cairb the bent ridge of a cart saddle srathair. Shaw gives further the meanings "plank, ship, fusec (cairb a' ghunna) (Rob), chariot"; Irish corb, coach. The word is the primary stem from which carbad, chariot, springs; See carbad. As "fusee" or "fisil", i.e., "musket", it seems a curtailed form of cairbinn.
• cairbh a carcase, carrion; also cairb (Dial.); allied to corpus?
• cairbhist
• carriage, tenants' rent service; from Middle English cariage, in all senses (Cf. the charter terms - "Areage and cariage and all due service"), now carriage.
• cairbinn a carabine; from the English
• cairbinneach a toothless person (Sh.); from ++cairb a jaw, gum, Irish cairb. See cairb above.
• cairc flesh, person:
• cР°ird a delay, respite, Irish cР±irde; cf. Old Irish cairde, pactum. A special legal use of a word which originally means "friendship". See cР°irdeas.
• cР°irdeas friendship, so Irish, Old Irish cairdes; from caraid, q.v.
• cР°ireag a prating girl (Sh., who gives caireog); probably from cР°ir, gum: "having jaw".
• caireal noise; See coirioll. ++cairfhiadh a hart or stag, Irish cР±irrfhiadh: *carbh-fhiadh. For *carbh, a deer; cf. Welsh carw, hart, stag, Cornish caruu, Breton caru; Latin carvus; Greek @GkeraСѓs, horned.
• cР°irich mend, Irish cСѓirighim, Early Irish cСѓraigim, arrange, from cСѓir, q.v. Cf. cairim, sutor, Z. 775.
• cairidh a weir, Irish cora, Middle Irish coraidh for cora, g. corad, Welsh cored, Old Welsh and Old Breton coret, from Celtic korjГґ, I set, put. See cuir.
• cairgein sea moss, Irish moss, Eng carrageen, so named from Carragheen (Waterford), in Ireland. This place name is a dim. of carraig, rock.
• cairis
• corpse, carcase; founded on Middle English cors, Scottish corrssys (pl. in Blind Harry), now corse.
• cairmeal wild liquorice; See carra-meille.
• cairnean an egg-shell:
• cairt bark (of a tree), Irish cairt; Latin cortex; root qert, cut, Lithuanian kertС‰, cut, English rend.
• cairt a cart, so Irish, Welsh cart; from the English cart.
• cairt a card, so Irish; Gaelic is from Scottish carte, which is direct from the French carte. The English modifies the latter form into card. The are all from Latin charta, paper. Early Irish cairt meant "parchment".
• cairt
• cleanse, Irish cartaighim, Early Irish cartaim, Welsh carthu, purge, kar-to-. The root idea is a "clearing out"; the root ker, kar, separate, is allied to sker in ascart, and especially in sgar.
• cairteal a quarter; from Late Latin quartellus, Norse kvartill, Latin quartus, fourth.
• caisbheart, cais'eart foot gear (shoes or boots), Irish coisbheart; from cas+ beart, q.v.
• caisd listen, Irish coisteacht, listening, Early Irish coistim, Old Irish coitsea, auscultet: co-Р№tsim, co and Р№isd, listen, q.v. O'R. gives the modern Irish cСѓisdeacht with o long, which would seem the most natural result from co-Р№isd.
• cР°ise
• chese, Irish, Early Irish cР±ise, Welsh caws, Breton kaouz; from Latin ca@-seus, whence English cheese.
• caiseal bulwark, castle, Irish caiseal, Early Irish caisel, caissle; from Latin castellum.
• caisean anything curled, etc.; from cas, curled, q.v.
• caisg
• check, stop, Irish coisgim, Old Irish cosc, castigare, Welsh cosp, *kon-sqo-, *seqГґ, I say; Latin inseque; Greek @Ge@'/nnepe, say, @Ge@'/ni-spe, dixit; English say, German sagen. CР°isg Easter, Irish CР±isg, Old Irish cР±sc, Welsh pasc; from Latin pascha, English paschal.
• caisil-chrС‚ a bier, bed of blood, Middle Irish cosair chrСѓ, bed of blood - to denote a violent death, Early Irish cosair, bed. the expression appears in the Ossianic Ballads, and folk-etymology is responsible for making Gaelic casair into caisil, bulwark. The word cosair has been explained as co-ster-, root ster, strew, Latin sternere, English strew.
• caisleach a ford, footpath; from cas-lach, rather than cas-slighe, foot-way.
• caislich stir up, caisleachadh, shaking up, etc.; from cas, sudden.
• caismeachd an alarm (of battle), signal, march tune. The corresponding Irish is caismirt, alarm, battle, Middle Irish caismert, Early Irish cosmert.
• caisrig
• consecrate; See coisrigeadh.
• caisteal a castle, Middle Irish castР№l, Early Irish castРЅall; from Latin castellum, whence English castle.
• cР°iteach a rush mat for measuring corn, Irish cР±iteach, winnowing sheet; from cР°ite, winnowed, from cР°th.
• caiteag a small bit (H.S.D.), a basket for trouts (M`A. for Islands), basket (Sh.), a place to hold barley in (M`L.). For the first sense, cf. Welsh cat, a piece, Scottish cat, a rag. In Irish Latin the trout was called catus (Giraldus).
• caiteas scraped linen, applied for the stoppage of wounds (M`F.); from Scottish caddis, lint for wounds, Middle English cadas, caddis, cotton wool, floss silk for padding, from Old French cadas. See Gaelic catas. caiteas = sawdust, scrapings (M`D.).
• caitein nap of cloth, shag, Irish caitРЅn, catkin of the osier, little cat. The English words caddis, catkin, and cotton seem to be mixed up as the basis of the Gaelic and Irish words. Cf. Welsh ceden, shaggy hair.
• caith spend, cast, Irish, Old Irish caithim, *katjГґ, I consume, castaway; Sanskrit çâtayati, sever, cast down, destroy, çât-ana, causing to fall, wearing out, root Г§t. Allied to the root of cath, war.
• caithear just, right, Irish caithear (Lh.), caithfidh, it behoves, Middle Irish caithfid; from caith, doubtless ( Atk.).
• caithream shout of joy, triumph, Irish caithrР№im; from cath, battle, and rР№im, a shout, Early Irish rР№m. This last word Strachan refers to the root req (*rec-m or *rec-s-m), Church Slavonic reka@?, speak, Lith. re@?kiС‰.
• caithris night-watching:
• cР°l kail, cabbage, Irish cР±l, Welsh cawl, Cornish caul, Breton kaol; from Latin caulis, a stalk, whence likewise English cole (colewort) and Scottish kail.
• cala, caladh a harbour, Irish caladh, Middle Irish calad. It is usual to correlate this with It. cala, French cale, bay, cove (Diez, Thurneysen, Windisch), and Stokes even says the Gaelic and Irish words are borrowed from a Romance *calatum, It. calata, cala, French cale, cove. More probably the Celtic root is qel, qal, hide, as in English hollow, Middle English holh, hollow, cave, also English hole, possibly. the root of cladh, has also been suggested.
• caladair
• calendar, Irish calaindР№ir; from Middle English kalendar, through French from Latin calendarium, an account-book, from calendГ¦, the Calends or first of the month.
• calaman a dove; the common form of the literary columan, q.v.
• calanas spinning of wool; seemingly founded on Latin colus, distaff. See cuigeal. ++calbh head, pate, bald, so Irish, Early Irish calb; from Latin calva, scalp, calvus, bald. H.S.D. gives as a meaning "promontory", and instances "Aoineadh a' Chailbh Mhuilich", which surely must be the Calf of Mull; and Calf is a common name for such subsidiary isles - from Norse kР±lfr, English calf. Cognate with Latin calva, calvaria (St. Lec.).
• calbh a shoot, osier, twig, Irish colbha, plant stalk, sceptre, hazel tree, Early Irish colba, wand; See colbh.
• calbh gushing of water or blood (H.S.D.) from calbh?
• calbhair greedy of food (Suth.); from cР°il?
• calc drive, ram, caulk, Irish calcaim; from Latin calco, calx, the heel, English in-culcate.
• caldach sharp, pointed ( Sh., M`L.):
• calg awn, beard of corn, bristles, Irish calg, colg, Early Irish colg, a sword, Old Welsh colginn, aristam, Welsh cola, beard of corn, sting, caly, penis, Breton calc'h (do.), kalgo-, *kolgo-; Greek @GkolobСѓs, stunted; Gothic halks, poor; further is Latin cellere, hit, culter, knife; etc. The main root is qel, qlГў, hit, break; See claidheamh, cladh. The Caledonian hero Calgocos derives his name hence. Hence calg-dhРјreach, direct, "sword-straight" to a place.
• call loss, Irish caill, Early Irish coll, Welsh coll, Cornish colled, jactura, Middle Breton coll, *koldo-; English halt, Gothic halts, Old High German halz, lame; root qel, as in calg.
• calla, callda tame, callaidh (M`A., also Sh., who gives the meaning "active" to the last form); cf. Welsh call, wise; from Latin callidus?
• callag, calltag the black guillemot, diver; compare English quail, French caille.
• callaid a partition, fence; the same as tallaid, q.v.?
• caillaid a wig, cap (M`F.); from English calott, skull-cap.
• callan a noise, Irish callР±n, callСѓich; from English call?
• calltuinn hazel, Irish Early Irish coll, Welsh collen, Cornish coll-widen. Middle Breton quel-vezenn, *koslo-; Latin corylus; Norse hasl, English hazel. *coll+tann. Calluinn New Year's Day, Irish callР±in, Calends, or first day of the month, Early Irish callaind, the Calends, particularly the first Jan., Welsh calan, Calends; from Latin calendГ¦ (English Calends).
• calm a pillar (M`A.), Irish columhan, colbh; from Latin columna, etc.
• calm, calma brave, Irish, Early Irish calma. Cf. Welsh celf, skill, art, celfydd, skilled, Old Breton celmed, efficax. The root cal is to be compared with that in German held, hero, *haleth or *calet. The Indo-European root is qel, as in Latin celsus, high, columna, column, English excel.
• calman dove; See calaman.
• calmarra the pike (Wh.)?
• calpa the calf of the leg, so Irish, Early Irish calpda, bonus pes (Corm.), colpa, tibia; from the Norse kР±lfi, whence also English calf.
• calpa principal set to interest, Scottish calpa, dath-duty payable to the landlord, from Norse kaup, stipulation, pay.
• calum hardness on the skin ( H.S.D.; cathlum in M`D.); from Latin callum, callus. It is not the obsolete caladh, hard, Early Irish calad, Welsh caled, Old Breton calat, *kaleto-, root kal, hard; Gothic hallus, stone, Norse helle, hallr; Sanskrit Г§ilГў, stone.
• cam
• crooked, one-eyed, Irish cam, Old Irish camm, Welsh cam, Breton kam, Gaulish cambo-, root kemb, wind; Greek kСѓmbos, a band, bond; Lithuanian kinge@?, door-bar. It has been refered to the root of Greek @GskambСѓs, crooked (se ceum), and to Latin camera, whence English chamber. Hence camag, club, camas, bay.
• camag-gharuidh hoow above the eye, Irish camСѓg-ara, "the bend of the ara", Old Irish aire, Gaelic arach, tempus; Greek @GpareiР±, cheek.
• camart wry-neck:
• camastrang quarrelsome disputation (M`D.):
• camhach talkative; *com-ag-ach, root ag in adhan?
• camhal a camel, Irish camhall, Early Irish camail, Welsh camyll; from Latin camelus.
• camhan a hollow plain, Irish cabhР±n (County Cavan); from the Latin cavus.
• camhanaich break of day, twilight, Irish camhaoir; (M`A. sgamhanaich, "lights"):
• camlag a curl:
• camp, campa a camp, Irish, Middle Irish campa; from the English camp.
• campar vexation, grief; from Scottish cummar, English cumber.
• can say, sing, Irish canaim, Old Irish canim, Welsh cana, sing. Breton kana; Latin cano, sing; Greek @GkanР±zw; English hen.
• cana porpoise, young whale, Irish cana ( O'R.), cР±na ( O'Br.), whelp, pup, Middle Irish cana (do.); from Latin canis?
• canach mountain down, cotton Irish canach, Old Irish canach, lanugo; Greek @Gknc@nkos, thistle, @GknekСѓs, yellow; Sanskrit ka@-ncanas, golden, a plant; *qonak-. Stokes refers it to *casnaka, Latin cГўnus, white (*casno-), Anglo-Saxon hasu, grey, English hare.
• cР°nain language, Irish cР±namhuin. Seemingly a long-vowel form of the root qan, cry. See cainnt.
• canal
• cinnamon; See caineal.
• canan a cannon; from the English
• canastair a canister; from the English
• cangaruich fret; from Scottish canker, fret, English canker.
• cangluinn trouble, vexation; from Scottish cangle.
• canna a can, so Irish, Early Irish cann; from English can.
• cannach pretty, kind; *cas-no-, root, qas, Latin ca@-nus, white (casnus), Anglo-Saxon hasu, grey, English haze? Or it may be allied to Latin candidus, white, Sanskrit cand, shine.
• canntaireachd articulate music, chanting, Irish cantaireachd, singing, cР±ntaire, a singer; from Latin cantor, cano, I sing.
• cР°nran wrangling, grumbling, muttering, Irish cannrР±n; from can, say, sing.
• cantal grief, weeping ( Sh., M`L.), Irish cantlamh:
• caob a clod, a bite, Irish caob, clod, Middle Irish coep, Early Irish caip, cР±ep, clot, lump, Old Irish caebb oo, jecur.
• caoch empty (as a nut), blind, so Irish, Old Irish caech, Welsh coeg, foolish, Cornish cuic, *kaiko-s; Latin caecus; Gothic haihs, one-eyed.
• caoch, caothach rage; See cuthach.
• caochan a streamlet; from caoth, blind?
• caochail
• change, die, caochladh, a change, Irish caochluighim, Old Irish caoimchlР±im cСѓem-chlСѓim: imchloud, imchlСѓad, inversio; for co-imm-clСѓim; from clСѓim, muto: See claoidh. The aspiration of the mn of imb is unusual, but the history of the word is also unusual, for it actually appears as claemchlСѓd in Early Irish oftener than once, and Irish claochlСѓdh, claochladh.
• caod Chaluim-chille St John's wort (Sh.):
• caog wink; apparently from English cock (the eye). Cf. Norse kaga, keek; Scottish keek; Shet. caog, peep slily.
• caogad fifty, so Irish, Old Irish cСѓica(t), *qenqekont; Latin quinquaginta; Greek @Gpentc/konta. See cСѓig.
• caoidh lamentation, Irish caoi, caoidh, Early Irish cСѓi, cР±i, inf. to cРЅim, ploro, *keiГґ, root qei, which appears in caoin, q.v., and in English whine, whisper, etc. Bezzenberger suggests *keipГґ, and compares Lithuanian szГ«ptis, grimace, Church Slavonic o-sipna@?ti, raucescere. A former derivation of Stokes' is repeated by Rhys (Manx.Pray. @+2, 26): *qesi, root qes as in Latin questus.
• caoillean a twig or osier for wicker, Middle Irish cСѓelach; from caol, slender.
• caoimheach a bedfellow (Sh.), Irish caoimhthech, Early Irish com-aithech, neighbour; see aitheach. Also caomhach, friend, bedfellow. The latter seems from, or influenced by, caomh.
• caoimhneas kindness. This word is supposed by folk etymology to be from caomh, kind, whereas it is really allied to Old Irish coibnes, affionitas, *co-ven-estu-, root ven of fine, q.v.
• caoin kind, mild, so Irish, Old Irish cР°in, kind, beautiful Welsh cain?: *koini-, root koi, kei of caomh, q.v. Stokes gives base as kaini-, and Bezzenberger compares Greek @GkaРЅnusqai, excel, Church Slavonic sina@?ti, gleam forth. If the base idea were "beauty", English shine might be compared.
• caoin the exterior surface of cloth, right side, rind, sward; from caoin, gentle, polished?
• caoin weep, so Irish, Old Irish cСѓinim, cР±inim, Old Welsh cuinhaunt, deflebunt, Breton couen, queiniff, *koiniГґ; qein, qГ®n; English whine, Norse hvРЅna, whirr; Greek @GkinurСѓs, wailing. See caoidh.
• caoinich dry, make dry (as hay by the sun), caoin, seasoned; from the adj. caoin?
• caoir a blaze, stream of sparks, a coal, Irish caor, Early Irish cР±er, *kairo, English hoar (*kairo-), Teutonic root hai in Norse heiГ°, atmospheric clearness, Old High German hei, heat, English heat; Sanskrit kГЄtus, light. More near are Greek @GkРЅris (lamp, Hes.), Sanskrit kirР±n@.a, a ray, clear, has been also suggested. caoran, a peat ember.
• caoirean a plaintive song; also caoi-rР°n, moaning (H.S.D.). The root word is caoidh; possibly rР°n, roar, forms the latter part.
• caoirnean a drop of sheep or goats' dung, a drop or globule; cf. Irish caoirРЅn, a little berry, little sheep, from caor, berry, caora, sheep. The two ideas seem confused in Gaelic. In Argyle, gaoirnean; (Arg. ao here is northern ao). From skar, sharn?
• caol slender, so Irish, Old Irish cСѓil, Welsh, Cornish cul, Old Breton culed, macies, *koilo-; Lettic kР±ils, naked; Latin caelebs, single? Greek @Gko@nilos, hollow? Hence caol; caolas, a firth or Kyle.
• caolan gut, intesting, Irish caolР±n, Early Irish coelР±n, Old Welsh coilion, exta; from caol.
• caomh tender, kind, so Irish, Early Irish coem, Old Irish cСѓim, Welsh cu, Old Welsh cum, Breton cuff, cun, debonnaire, *koimo-, root kei, lie; Greek @GkoimР±w, put to rest, @Gke@nimai, lie; Gothic hР±ims, a village, Anglo-Saxon hР±m. English home. The idea is "restful".
• caomhach bedfellow, friend, Irish caomthach, friend; See caoimheach, and cf. Irish caomhaighim, I protect, cherish, from caomh.
• caomhain spare, save, caomhnadh, sparing, Irish caoimhnaim, preserve, keep, protect, caomhaighim, caomhnuighim, preserve. The last form seems the most original, if we refer the root to Old Irish anich, protegit, aingim, I protect (a-nak), root nak and nank, as in adhlac, thig, etc. The form nak is more particularly allied to Sanskrit nР±Г§ati, reach, Lithuanian neszС‰, draw. The Gaelic verb may have been *com-anich-. It is possible to derive it from caomh with caomhuin as an inf. form which usurped the place of the present stem.
• caonnag strife, tumult, Irish caonnСѓg, strife, a next of wild bees: *cais-no-, root kais, kai, heat, English heat, Gaelic caoir?
• caor berry of the rowan, a mountain berry, Irish caor, Old Irish cР±er, bacca, Welsh cair, berries, ceirion, berry *kairГў. It is seemingly the same word as caoir, blaze, the idea arising probably from the red rowan berries.
• caora a sheep, Irish caora, g. caorach, Old Irish cГўer, *cairax, from *ka(p)erax, alliet to Latin caper, a goat, Greek @GkР±pros, a boar, English heifer. Cf. Welsh caeriwrch, roebuck.
• caorrunn the rowan tree, Irish caorthann, Early Irish caerthann, Welsh cerddin, Breton kerzin, *cairo-tann, from caor, berry, and *tann, tree, Breton tann, oak, Cornish glas-tannen. The connection with Old High German tanna, fir, oak, Middle High German tan, wood, German tanne, fir, English tan, tanner (Greek @GqР±mnos, bush?) is doubtful; it would necessitate the idea of borrowing, or that the Celtic word was dann. Ogam Maqui Cairatini, McCaorthainn. Rhys says Welsh is borrowed from Gadelic (C.F.L. 292).
• cР°pa a capl from the English cap.
• cР°praid drunken riotousness (Dial.); from Latin *crГўpula.
• capull a horse, mare (more commonly), so Irish, Early Irish capall, Breton caval; from Latin capallus, whence English cavalry, etc., caple (Middle English capil, from Celt.) Norse kapall, nag, seems borrowed from Gaelic. The Welsh is ceffyl, with remarkable vocalisation. capal-coille?
• car turn, twist, Irish cor, Middle Irish cor (= cuairt, ( O'Cl.)), Old Irish curu, gyros, Welsh cor-wynt, turbo, Middle Breton coruent, *kuro-; Latin curvus; Greek @GkurtСѓs, curved. See cruinn.
• cР°r friendly, related to, Irish cР±ra(d), a friend. See caraid for the usual root.
• cР°radh
• condition, usage; from cР°irich, mend.
• caraich move, stir, Irish corruighim, from corrach, unsteady. The Gaelic confuses this with car, turn.
• caraid a friend, so Irish, Old Irish cara, g. carat, *karant-; Old Irish verb carim, caraim, I love, Welsh caraf, amo, Breton quaret, amare, Gaulish carantus, Caractacus, etc.; Latin cГўrus, dear, English charity, etc.; Gothic hГґrs, meretrix.
• cР°raid a pair, couple, Irish cСѓraid, Early Irish cСѓrait:
• carainnean refuse of threshed barley, Irish carra, bran; See carthuinnich.
• caraist
• catechism; from Scottish carritch, a corruption of catechise.
• caramasg
• contest, confusion ( Arms. M`F.): from car and measg?
• caramh beside; See caruibh.
• cР°ramh, cР°radh
• condition, treatment:
• carathaist
• compulsory labour, cairiste, cairbhist.
• carbad a chariot, so Irish, Old Irish carpat, Welsh cerbyd, Old Breton cerpit, Gaulish carpentoracte, Carbantia, *karbanto-; Latin corbis, a basket; Norse hrip, pannier for peats on horse-back. Latin carpentum (English carpenter, etc.), seems borrowed from Gaulish. The root idea is "wicker", referring to the basket character of the body of these chariots.
• carbad jaw, jaw-bone, so Irish, Welsh car yr ГЄn (car of the mouth), Breton karvan. The idea is "mouth chariot", from the resemblance between the lower jaw and the old wicker chariots. Loth cfs. Welsh carfan, beam, rail, row.
• carbh engrave, carve; from the English.
• carbh a particular kind of ship or boat (Islay); from Norse karfi, a galley for the fiords.
• carbhaidh
• carraway-seed; from the English.
• carbhanach a carp, Irish carbhР±n, Manx, caroo; from Norse karfi, English carp.
• carcair a prison, sewer in a cow-house, Irish carcar, prison, Early Irish carcair (do.); from Latin carcer, prison, barrier. cacair in Glenmoriston.
• carcais a carcase; from the English.
• ca'rd
• card wool, Irish cardaighim; from the English card.
• cargo a cargo, load; from the English. Carghus Lent, torment, Irish Corghas, Middle Irish corgus, Welsh garawys; from Latin quadragessima.
• cР°rlР°g a lock of wool (Sh., H.S.D.), carla, a wool-card (Sh. Coneys for Irish); *card-la-, from card of English For phonetics, cf. С‚irleach.
• cР°rlas excellence, Irish carlamh, excellent, *co-er-lam-, erlam, clever, *air-lam? For lam, See ullamh.
• cР°rn heap of stones, cairn, Irish carn, Early Irish, Welsh carn, Breton karn, *kar-no-, root kar, be hard; Greek @GkranaСѓs, rock ( @Gkra-, @Gkar); further English hard, harsh. See carraig.
• cР°rn a horning. The Gaelic seems a confusion between cС‚rn, horn, English horn, put to the horn, and cР°rn. M`F. gives Р°ir chР°rn for "outlawed", cР°rn-eaglais, excommunication.
• cР°rn a sledge, cart, peat cart, Irish carr, dray, waggon, Early Irish carr, biga, Welsh carr, biga, Old Breton carr, vehiculum (gl.), Gaulish chariot, career, carry, cargo, charge); from Celt. karso-; Latin currus (quors-), from qr@.s; English horse, hurry.
• carnaid red; from English carnation.
• cР°rnag (1) a she-terrier, (2) a small fish found in stony shores at ebb-tide. The first meaning from cР±rn, cairn. Terriers were used for cairn hunting.
• carr the flesh of the seal and whale (Heb.; Carmichael); founded on obsolete carn, flesh?
• cР°rr the itch, mange, superficial roughness, Irish carr; carrach, scabby, Middle Irish carrach, *karsГўko-, from kars, be rough, hard; (*kors-ta-); further root kar, to be hard, rough. For cР°rr, rocky shelf, Irish carr, rock, See carraig.
• carrachan a frog-fish, called "cobler", Irish carrachР±n, the rock fish called cobler (Coneys). From carr, a rock. Also the word means "the wild liquorice root" - carra-meille, q.v.
• carragh a pillar stone, Irish carrthadh, cartha, Early Irish corthe. The root, despite the vocalic difficulty caused by the Early Irish form, is likely the same as in carraig; yet cf. kor of cuir, set.
• carraid
• conflict; from the root kars in cР°rr, "rough-work"?
• carraig rock, so Irish, Old Irish carric, Welsh careg, Old Welsh carrecc, Breton karrek, *karsekki- (so Rhys, R.C.@+17 102, who thinks Welsh borrowed), from root kars, hard, rough; Norwegian, herren, hard, stiff, harren, hard, English harsh, hard (root kar). See cР°rr.
• carra-meille wild liquorice, wood pease, Irish carra-mhilis. The name is explained as "knots of honey", the carra being the same as cР°rr, and meille the gen. of mil. Hence Scottish carmele, etc.
• carran spurrey, spergula arvensis, Irish carrР±n, scurvy grass. From the root kars of cР°rr. carran also means a "shrimp", and is of the same origin.
• carran-creige the conger; See carran above.
• carrasan hoarseness, wheezing, Irish carsР±n; from the root kars, be rough. See cР°rr. Cf. @GkСѓrnza, catarrh, rotz.
• cР°rt a quart, Irish cР±rt; from the English quart, Latin quartus.
• cartan a small brown insect that eats into the flesh, Irish cartР±n, a small brown insect that eats into the flesh, a crab. A Gadelicised form of partan, q.v.
• carthannach affectionate, charitable, Irish carthannach; from Latin caritas.
• carthuinnich dwell apart as in a cave, separate (M`F.). Cf. caruinnean, refuse of threshed corn, caruinnich, winnow. Possibly from the root kar, separate, a form of the root of sgar, q.v.
• caruibh, an caruibh beside, near. This is the dat.pl. of car.
• cas foot, leg, Irish cos, Old Irish coss, Welsh coes, *koksГў; Latin coxa, hip; Middle High German hahse, bend of the knee; Sanskrit kР±kshas, armpit.
• cas steep, sudden, Irish casach, an ascent, Middle Irish cass, rapid, *kasto-; English haste.
• cas
• curled, Irish, Middle Irish cas, curly, casaim, flecto; &qasto-, root qas; Norse haddr (has-da-), hair, English hair; Lithuanian kasa, hair-plait, Church Slavonic kosa, hair (Kluge). Stokes compares it with Latin quasillum, a basket, root quas.
• cas gnash the teeth, Irish cais, hate, Welsh cГўs, hate, Breton cas, *cad-s-to-; English hate, German hass, Gothic hatis. Of the same ultimate origin as cas, sudden (Strachan).
• cas fire (as a stone) (Suth.), seemingly founded on English cast. Cf. casadh ar a chР№ile = met (Irish).
• cР°s a difficulty, Irish cР±s; from Latin casus (English case).
• casach fishing tackle (part attached to hook): from cas.
• casad, casad a cough, Irish casachdach, Welsh pГўs, peswch, Breton pas, *qasto-; English host, Anglo-Saxon hvСѓsta, German husten; Lithuanian kСѓsiu; Sanskrit kГўsate, coughs.
• casag
• cassock, Irish casСѓg; from the English The Early Irish word is casal, from Latin casula.
• casaid a complaint, accusation, Irish casoid, Old Irish cossСѓit. The word is a compound, beginning with con, and seemingly of the same origin as faosaid, q.v. Stokes thinks that the word is borrowed from the Latin causatio; this is not likely, however. Root sen, Welsh cynhenn, quarrel.
• casair sea drift, Irish casair, a shower, Early Irish casair, hail, Welsh cesair (do.), Breton kazerc'h (do.), *kassri-, *kad-tri-; from root cad as in Latin cado, fall. The Irish and Gaelic (?) casР±ir, phosphorescence, seems to be the same word.
• casan a path, Irish casР±n; from cas, foot.
• casan a rafter, roof-tree; from cas?
• casgair slay, butcher, so Irish, Old Irish coscar, victory, destruction; *co-scar; See sgar.
• casnaid
• chips of wood (Arms.), Irish casnaidh; *co-+ snaidh, q.v.
• caspanach parallel (Sh.), Irish cospanach (O'R.); *co-spann; See spann.
• castan a chestnut; from Latin castanea, through Middle English castane, chestnut.
• castaran a measure for butter (quarter stone); from the English castor.
• castreaghainn the straw on a kiln below the grain (Arms., not H.S.D.):
• cat a cat, so Irish, Early Irish catt, Welsh cath, Cornish kat, Breton kaz, Gaulish Cattos; Latin catta, perhaps also catulus; English cat, German katze, etc. It is a word of doubtful origin; possibly, however, Celtic, and applied first to the wild cat, then to the tame Egyptian cat introduced in the early centuries of the Christian era.
• cata, cР°ta sheep-cot, pen; from English cot.
• catadh, catachadh taming, cР°tadh (M`F.); cf. tataich.
• catag potatoe cellar (Dialectic); See cata.
• catas refuse at carding of wool, Irish cadР±s, cotton, scraping of linen rags; from English caddis. See further under caiteas.
• cath battle, Irish, Old Irish cath, Welsh cad, Old Welsh cat, Cornish cas, Gaulish catu-; Old High German hadu-, fight, Anglo-Saxon heaГ°o-, German hader, contention; Sanskrit Г§atru, enemy; Greek @GkСѓtos, wrath.
• cР°th
• chaff, husks of corn, Irish, Old Irish cР±ith, Welsh codem, a bag, husk, pod (?), *kГ»ti-, root kГўt, kat, as in caith, spend, cast.
• cathachadh provoking, accusing, fighting, Irish cathaighim; from cath, fight.
• cathadh snow-drift, Irish cР±thadh, snow-drift, sea-drift; cf. Middle Irish cСЉa, gen. cСЉadh, Welsh cawod, Old Cornish cowes, nimbus, Breton kaouad, *kavat (Stokes); allied to English shower. It is possible to refer the Gaelic word to the root of caith, cР°th.
• cathair a city, Irish, Early Irish cathair, Old Irish cathir *kastrex, Welsh caer, Breton kaer, *kastro-; Latin castrum, fort (Stokes). The root seems to be cat, cats; the phonetics are the same as in piuthar, for the final part of the word.
• cathair a chair, Irish cathaoir, Early Irish cathР±ir, Welsh cadair, Breton kador; from Latin cathedra, whence also, through Greek, English chair.
• cathan a wild goose with black bill (Heb.); See cadhan.
• cathan-aodaich a web (M`D.):
• cР°thar mossy ground; See cР°ir.
• cathlunn a corn (Sh.; not in H.S.D.); formed on Latin callum. See calum.
• catluibh
• cudwort; See cadh-luibh.
• cРё, cРёath
• cream, Middle Irish ceСѓ, milk; cf. Breton koavenn, which suggests a form keivo- (cf. glР№ from gleivo-), root kei, skei, shade, cover, as in Greek @GskiР±, shadow, German schemen (do.)? The Breton koavenn has been refered to *co+hufen, Welsh hufen, cream. Cf. ceС‚, mist, "covering".
• cР№ the earth, used only in the phrase an cruinne cР№, the (round) earth, Irish, Early Irish cР№, for bith chР№, on this earth. The cР№ is supposed to be for "this", from the pronomial kei, Greek @Gkei@nnos, he, Latin ce, cis, English he. The root kei, go, move (Latin cio, Greek @GkРЅw), has also been suggested.
• cРё give?
• cРё spouse (Carm.), Irish cР№:
• ceaba, ceibe the iron part of a spade or other delving instrument; See caibe.
• cРёabhar a fine breeze (Heb.):
• ceabhar (Carm.), sky, (Prov.) ci'ar:
• ceach an interjection of dislike; See ceacharra.
• ceacharra dirty, mean, obstreperous (Carm.), Irish ceachair, dirt, Middle Irish cecharda, *kekari-; from kek, the e form of the root kak seen in cac, q.v.
• ceachladh digging, Irish ceachlaim, Old Irish ro-cechladatar, suffoderunt, *ce-clad-, a reduplicated or perfect form of the root clad of Gaelic cladh, q.v.
• cead permission, so Irish, Old Irish cet, *ces-do-; Latin ce@-do, I yield (for ces-dГґ).
• ceadan bunch of wool, Irish ceadach, cloth, coarse cloth, Welsh cadach, clout. Rhys regards Welsh as borrowed from Irish For all, cf. cadadh, caiteas.
• ceadha the part of the plough on which the share is fixed. Also ceidhe. Both words are used for English quay.
• ceafan a frivolous person (Dialectic):
• ceР°ird a trade, Early Irish cerd; See ceР°rd.
• ceal stupor, forgetfulness, Irish ceal, forgetfulness; from the root qel of ceil, conceal. Cf. Early Irish cel, death. ceal, end ( Carm.). ++ceal same, similar hue (Carm.):
• cealaich the fire-place of a kiln:
• cealaich eat (Kirk), Irish cealaim; root qel as in Latin colo?
• cealair a virago (Badenoch):
• cealg guile, treachery, so Irish, Early Irish celg, *kelgГў; Armenian ke??ch??, hypocrisy. The further root is qel of ceil.
• ceall g. cille, a church, so Irish, Early Irish cell; from Latin cella, a cell, a hermit's cell especially, whence the Gadelic use. Hence cealloir, superior of a cell, and the name Mackellar. "A retired spot" (Hend.).
• cealtar broad-cloth, Irish cealtair, clothes, Early Irish celtar, celt, raiment; from qel, cover, as in ceil, q.v.
• ceana whither, for c'iona, c'ionadh? Cf. Irish cР± h-ionad. See ionadh.
• ceanalta mild, kind, so Irish; from *cen, as in cion, ++cean, love, desire. See cion.
• ceangal a tie, binding, so Irish, Early Irish cengal, Welsh cengl; from Latin cingulum, vb. cingo, I bind, English cincture.
• ceann head, so Irish, Old Irish cend, cenn, Welsh, Breton penn, Gaul, Penno-, *qenno. Perhaps for qen-no-, root qen (labialised), begin, Church Slavonic koni, beginning, as in ceud, first. The difficulty is that the other labialising languages and the Britonic branch otherwise show no trace of labialisation for qen. Windisch, followed by Brugmann, suggested a stem kvindo-, Indo-European root kvi, Sanskrit Г§vi, swell, Greek @GPРЅndos, Pindus Mount; but the root vowel is not i, even granting the possible labialisation of kvi, which does not really take place in Greek. Hence ceannag, a bottle of hay, ceannaich, buy (="heading" or reckoning by the head; cf. Dial. ceann, sum up), ceannaich, head-wind ( Hend.), ceannas, vaunting ( Hend.).
• ceannach a purchasing, so Irish, Early Irish cennaigim, I buy, Old Irish cennige, lixa, caingen, negotium.
• ceannairc rebellion, turbulence, so Irish; *ceann+arc; for root arc, See adharc. For meaning cf. English headstrong, Welsh penffest (do.).
• ceannard
• commander, chief, Irish ceannР±rd, arrogant, commanding, "high-headed", from ceann and Р°rd; Middle kinnoort, Irish ceannphort, commander, authority, head post or city: ceann+ port.
• ceannrach, ceannraig (Cam.), a brindle or horse's head-gear, Irish ceannrach; from ceann+ rach. For rach (root rig), See cuibhreach, Р°rachas.
• ceannsaich subdue, tame, Irish ceannsaighim; from ceannas, superiority, "head-ness", from ceann and the abst. termination as. Similarly ceannsal, rule.
• ceap a block, shoemaker's last, so Irish, Early Irish cepp, Welsh cyff, Breton kef; from Latin cippus.
• ceap
• catch, stop. This word seems borrowed from the Scottish kep, of like meaning, a bye-form of English keep. The Irish ceap, bound, bind, stop (?), seems from ceap above. ++ceapach a tillage plot, Irish ceapach. This Stokes refers to a Celtic keppo-, garden, root kep, ka@-, Latin campus, Greek @Gke@npos, garden, German hube, piece of land. Satisfactory though the meaning be, the derivation is doubtful as involving the preservation of p, even though flanked by a second p (or -nСѓ, i.e. kep-nСѓ-, which is still more doubtful). Hence the common place name .
• ceapag a verse, an impromptu verse, carelessly sung verse, Early Irish cepСѓc, a chorus song: a rare word in Irish, and said to be Scottish Gaelic for Irish aidbsi, great chorus. From ceap, catch? cf. English catch, a chorus verse. Zimmer suggests that it stands Ce PСѓc, "kiss here", (?) sung by the girls as a refrain at gatherings!
• ceapaire bread covered with butter, etc. Irish ceapaire; from ceap, a block. Cf. ceapag, a wheel-barrow wheel.
• cearb piece, article of clothing, so Irish, Early Irish cerp, cutting, cerbaim; *kr@.bh, skr@.bh; Greek @GkР±rfos, twig, English shrub; *(s)ker, cut, divide. Cf. Welsh carp, rag, cerpyn. Bezzenberger cfs. Middle High German herb, asper. St. now skerb, English sharp.
• cearc a hen, so Irish, Middle Irish cerc, *cercГў; from Indo-European qerqo, to sound, hence "a noise-making bird"; Greek @GkР№rkos, a cock, @GkrР№x, a fowl; Latin querquedula, a teal, Old Prus. kerko, a diver; Sanskrit kr@.ka-vГўkus, a cock.
• cearcall a hoop, so Irish; from Late Latin circulus, circullus, a hoop, from circulus, a circle.
• ceР°rd a craftsman, Irish cР№ard, Early Irish cerd, Welsh cerdd, art; Latin cerdo, craftsman; Greek @GkР№rdos, gain.
• ceР°rdach a smithy, Irish cР№ardcha, Old Irish cerddchae; from cerd+cae, the latter word cae meaning a house in Irish, a Celtic kaio-n, allied to English home.
• ceard-dubhan scarabГ¦bus, dung-beetle, hornet (H.S.D. for form), ceardaman (M`A.); See cearnabhan. cearr-dubhan ( Carm.), "wrong-sided little black one".
• cearmanta tidy (Arms.); cearmanaich, make tidy (Perth):
• ceР°rn a corner, quarter, Irish cearn, cearna, angle, corner, Early Irish cern; evidently an e form of the stem found in cС‚rn, horn, q.v.
• cearnabhan a hornet, Irish cearnabhР±n; from *cerno-. Cf. English hornet (*kr@.s-en-), Latin crabro.
• ceР°rr wrong, left (hand), Early Irish cerr, *kerso-; Latin cerritus, crazed; Greek @Ge@'gkР±rsios, slantwise; Lithuanian skersas, crooked.
• ceР°rrach a gamester, Irish cearrbhach, a gamester, dexterous gambler. Cf. Gaelic ceР°rrbhag, cearrag, the left-hand, the use of which was considered in plays of chance as "sinister".
• ceart right, so Irish, Early Irish cert; Latin certus, certain, sure, cerno, discern; Greek @GkrРЅnw, judge, @GkritР№s, a judge, English critic.
• ceasad a complaint (M`F.), Irish ceasacht, grumbling, Middle Irish cesnaighim, complain, ces, sorrow, *qes-to-; Latin questus, queror, I complain, querela, English quarrel. ++ceasg floss (Carm.), animal with long flossy hair or wool, Irish ceaslach, long hair or wool on fleece legs. See ceus.
• ceasnaich examine, catechise, Irish ceasnuighim; from Latin quГ¦stio, quГ¦stionis, English question. Stokes (Bk.of Lis.) has suggested that the Latin and Gadelic are cognate; though possible (qais, qis may become by umlaut ces in Gaelic), it is improbable from the stem form in n persisting in the Gaelic verb.
• ceathach mist; this is really the old stem of ceС‚, mist, Early Irish ciach, q.v. Irish ceathach, showery, is from cith, a shower.
• ceathairne yeomanry, the portion of a population fit for warfare; See ceatharn.
• ceatharn a troop, so Irish, Early Irish ceithern, *keternГў; Latin caterua, troop, catГЄna, a chain; Old Slavonic ceta, company (Stokes). It has also been regarded as borrowed from Latin quaternio, which in the Vulg. means a "body of four soldiers", quaternion. Hence English cateran, kern.
• ceidhe quay, coulter-place, Irish ceigh, quay. See ceadha.
• ceig a mass of shag, clot, ceigein, a tuft, a fat man. From Scandinavian kagge, round mass, keg, corpulent man or animal, whence English keg; Norse, kaggi, cask, Norwegian, kagge, round mass.
• ceig a kick; from the English
• ceil
• conceal, Irish, ceilim, Old Irish celim, Welsh celu, Indo-European qel; Latin cГЄle, English con- ceal; Anglo-Saxon helan, hide, English Hell; Greek @GkalСЉptw, hide; Sanskrit kР±la, darkness.
• cР№ile spouse, fellow, so Irish, Old Irish cР№le, socius, Welsh cilydd (y gilydd = a chР№ile of Gaelic = eguille of Breton), *keiljo-, "way-farer", from kei, go (Latin cio, move, Greek @GkРЅw, go, kРЅnР№w, move, kinetics. The idea is the same as in Irish sР№tig, wife, from sР№t, way. Strachan thinks that Gaelic and Welsh demand a stem ceglio-; and Dr Stokes thinks that, if cР№le, servus, is different from cР№le, fellow, it must come from kak-lio- (better keklio-), and be allied to Latin cacula, a servant. Hence cР№ilidh, a gossiping visit or meeting.
• ceileach martial (H.S.D.), Irish ceallach, war, Middle Irish cellach, war; Teutonic hildi-, war, Latin per-cellere, hit.
• ceileir
• chirping of birds, Irish ceileabhar, ceileabhrach, musical, Middle Irish ceilebradh eoin singing of birds, Early Irish celebrad, a celebrating or observance, a welcome of joy; from Latin celebratio.
• cР№illidh wise, sover, Irish cР№illidhe; from ciall.
• ceilp kelp; from English
• cР№in remote; really the oblique form of cian, q.v.
• cР№ir wax, Irish, Middle Irish cР№ir, Welsh cwyr, Old Welsh kuyr, Cornish coir, Breton coar; from Latin cГЄra, wax.
• cР№ir, cР№ire the buttock; See pР№ire.
• ceireanaich fondle, make much of (Perth); cf. ceirein, plaster.
• ceirein a plaster, a "clout", Irish, Middle Irish, cР№irРЅn, a plaster; from cР№ir, wax. English cerate.
• ceirtle a clew, ball of yarn, Irish ceirsle (so Gaelic too), ceirtlРЅn, Old Irish certle, glomus, *kertilliГў; from Indo-European qert, wind, bend; Sanskrit kart, spin; Latin cartilago, English cartilage; Greek @GkР±rtalos, basket; English hurdle.
• cР№is a case, hamper; from English case. Irish ceis, basket, Middle Irish ceiss, is a different word, possibly allied to, if not borrowed from, Latin cista (Stokes). From Irish ceis comes ceis-chrann, polypody, given in H.S.D. from O'R. Cf. Old Irish cass, basket, Latin quasillus.
• ceisd a question, so Irish, Early Irish ceist; from Latin quГ¦stio. Hence ceisdein, a sweetheart, founded on "ceisd mo chridhe" - darling (i.e., question, anxiety) of my heart.
• cР№iseach large, corpulent woman; See ceС‚s. CР№itein May, Old Irish cР№tam (g. cР№taman), cetsoman (cetshaman) in Cor.Gl., where it is explained as cР№t-sam-sРЅn, the first weather-motion of sam or summer. The word means the "first of summer" - cР№t+sam-, the sam of samhradh, q.v. The termination is possibly influenced by other time words. See Samhuinn.
• ceithir four, Irish ceathair (n.), ceithre (adj.), Old Irish cethir, Welsh pedwar, Cornish peswar, Breton pevar, Gaulish petor-, *qetveres, Indo-European qetvГґr; Latin quatuor; Greek @GtР№ttares; Gothic fidvГґr, English four; Lithuanian keturi; Sanskrit catvГўras.
• ceС‚ mist, Irish ceСѓ, Early Irish ceСѓ, g. ciach, *cevox, g. *gevocos, Indo-European sqevo-, Latin obscu@-rus, Norse sky/, cloud, English sky. The idea is "covering".
• ceС‚b a dark nook, corner:
• ceС‚ban small drizzle; ceС‚+ boinne or -bainne, "mist-drop". The Irish is ceСѓbhrР±n, for ceС‚+ braon. This last is Gaelic ciС‰ran, q.v. Hence ceС‚pach (for ceС‚bnach?). Also ceС‚pan. Irish ciabhrР±n, drizzle, fog, Middle Irish ciabor, mist.
• ceС‚l music, Irish, Early Irish ceСѓl, g. ciСЉil, *kipolo-, a Gadelicised form of *pipolo; onomatopoetic root pi@-p, Latin pГ®pilo, chirp, pipilum, outcry, pГ®po, chirp, Anglo-Saxon pРЅpe , English pipe (hence Welsh pib, Gaelic pРјob, etc.). Stokes and Rhys have given a Celtic qeqlo- for stem, allied to Welsh pib, pipe. For phonetics, See feС‚il. Stokes now suggests alliance with German heulen, hoot, howl, Old High German hiuwilГґn.
• ceС‚s the hip, podex; See ceus, poples. Hence ceС‚sach, broad-skirted, bulky, clumsy.
• ceС‚san burr or light down of feathers; See ceus, wool of legs, etc.
• ceud first, Irish cР№ad, Old Irish cР№t, Welsh cynt, formerly, cyntaf, first, Breton kent, kenta (do.), Gaulish Cintu-, *kentu-; allied to Welsh cann, with Greek @GkatР±, down, against (=kn@.ta); Latin contra. Further allied is possibly (and this is the usual derivation) Indo-European qen, begin, Latin re-cens), English recent; Greek @GkainСѓs (= @GkaniСѓs), new; Sanskrit kanР±, young; Church Slavonic koni, beginning. Some again have compared Teutonic hind as in English hindmost.
• ceud a hundred, so Irish, Old Irish cР№t, Welsh cant, Cornish cans, Breton kant, *kn@.to-n; Latin centum; Greek @Ge@`katСѓn (=se-kn@.ton); Gothic hund, English hund-red; Lithuanian szРјmtas; Sanskrit Г§atР±m.
• ceudfadh sense, Irish cР№adfadh, Old Irish cР№tbaid, Welsh canfod, to perceive, *cant-buti-, "with-being", from ceud, with first, and bu, be.
• ceudna the same, so Irish, Old Irish cР№tna, *centinio-s; from ceud, first.
• ceum a step, Irish cР№im, Old Irish ceimm, Welsh, Cornish cam, Old Welsh cemmein, gradibus, Breton kam, *kn@.gmen-, verb *kengГґ, I go, Irish cingim, Gaulish Cingeto-rix, "king of marching men" - of warriors: Indo-European khen@g, limp; German hinken, limp; Sanskrit khaГ±j, limp.
• ceus ham, polpes: *cencso-; Lithuanian kenkle, hough, bend of the knee, kinka, knee joint; Anglo-Saxon hСѓh (=han @Gh), English hough (Strachan for Lithuanian). The gen. is ceС‚is, whence ceС‚s, etc.
• ceus the coarse part of the wool on sheep's legs (Heb.), Middle Irish cР№slach; from ceus
• crucify, Irish cР№asaim, ceusaim, Old Irish cР№ssaim, suffer, *kentsГґ, suffer: Indo-European qentho; Greek @GpР№nqos, @GpР±qos, suffering, English pathos; Lithuanian kenczС‰, suffering
• ceutach becoming; See ciatach.
• cha, cha'n not, Irish nocha n-, Old Irish nРЅ con aspirating. The particle no or nu is no part of this negative: only nРЅ and con, "non quod", con being the same as gu'n. Aspirating power of it is as yet unexplained. Ulster Irish cha.
• chaidh went, ivit, Irish cochuaidh, Old Irish dochСѓid, he went, *coud-; Sanskrit codati, make haste, codayati, drive, cСѓda, a goad; English shoot. See deach.
• chaoidh for ever, Irish choidhche, Early Irish chaidche, coidchi; for co-aidche, gu oidhche, "till night".
• cheana already, Irish cheana, Early Irish chena, in sooth, quidem, jam, ol chena, ar chena, Old Irish cene, olchene; from cen-Р№, "without this", root in gun, without, cion, want.
• chРј will see, Irish chidhim, chРЅm, Old Irish atchРЅ, videt, *ad-cesiГґ, *kesiГґ; Sanskrit caksh, see, for *ca-kas; Latin canus (*cas-no-?), grey; Anglo-Saxon hasu, grey, English hare. See chunnaic, faic. The aspiration of chРј is due to the lost ad- initial, which is confused with the verbal particle do, a.
• cho, co as, so, Irish comh, Welsh cyn; from com, with. See comh-. Gaelic "Cho dubh ri feannaig" = Welsh "Cyn ddued a'r frГўn".
• chon to; dialectic form of gu. The n belongs to the article. Also thun; q.v. Compare chugad and thugad to chon and thun in phonetics.
• chuala heard, Irish do chuala, Old Irish rochСЉala, Welsh cigleu, *kuklova; root kleu as in cluinn, q.v.
• chugad towards thee, so Irish, Old Irish chucut, *cu-cu-t, where the prep. cu or gu, to, is reduplicated. See gu. The t or -ut is for tu, q.v. So with chuga, chuige, etc.
• chum, chС‰m, a chum to, for, in order to, Irish chum, do chum, Old Irish dochum n-, dochom n-; an idiomatic use of com, side? Cf. English side, beside.
• chun to, until; See chon.
• chunnaic saw, Irish chonacadar, they saw, Old Irish conaca, vidi; from con+ faic; for con, See comh-, and See faic. The old past was chunnairc, still used in Irish as chonnairc, from con-+ dearc, q.v.
• cia who, what, Irish cia, Old Irish cРЅa, Welsh pwy, Cornish pyu, Breton piu, *qei; Latin qui (Old Latin quei). See further under co.
• ciabh a lock of hair, so Irish, Early Irish ciab: *kes-abu-, kes of cas? Ciadaoin, Di-ciadaoin Wednesday, Irish CР№adaoin, Old Irish cР№tР±in, first fast, "Day of the First Fast". The first weekly fast was the latter half of Wednesday, the next was Friday - Di-h-aoine. Thursday is the day "Between two fasts" - Diardaoin, q.v. See further under Di-.
• ciagach sly-jumoured (Dialectic):
• cial side or brim of a vessel; See ciobhull.
• ciall sense, understanding, Irish, Old Irish ciall, Welsh pwyll, Cornish pull, Breton poell, *qeislГў: Indo-European qei, observe, see, shine; Greek @GpinutСѓs, wise; Sanskrit cetati, perceive, cittam, thought, cino@-ti, discover; further German heiter, clear.
• ciamhair sad ( Sh., Arms.), Irish ciamhair, ciamhaire ( O'Cl., O'Br.):
• cian remote, so Irish, Old Irish cРЅan, *keino-; from the pronominal root kei, there, Greek @Gke@ninos, ille, Latin cis, citra, English he. Others have referred it to root qei, qi, Sanskrit ciras, long, Gothic hveila, time, English while. Hence cianail, sad, lonesome, Irish cianamhuil.
• cianog a small measure of arable land (Heb.: H.S.D.); See cionag.
• ciar dusky, Irish, Early Irish cРЅar, *keiro-s, "shadowy"; root sqhei, Greek @GskierСѓs, shady, @GskiР±, shadow, Sanskrit chГўya@-/, shadow, Anglo-Saxon scimo (do.). It has been compared to English hoar, Norse hР±rr, but the vowels do not suit.
• cias g. ceС‚is, border, skirt, fringe:
• ciatach, ciatfach elegant, becoming, Irish cР№adfadhach, discreet, belonging to the senses; from ceudfadh, q.v.
• cibein rump (of a bird, M`D.), Irish cibРЅn, the rump ( Con.). Cf. Irish giob, a tail.
• cРјbeir a shepherd; from Scottish, English keeper.
• cidhis a mask, vizard (M`D.), luchd cidhis, masqueraders; from Scottish gyis, a mask, gysars, masqueraders, Middle English gi@-sen, to dress, English guise, disguise; all from Old French guise, modus, desguiser, disguise. The Scottish was directly borrowed in the Stuart period.
• cigil tickle (Sh.); See ciogail.
• cРјleag a diminutive, weakly person (Arg.):
• cРјleag a diminutive, weakly person (Arg.):
• cРјlean a large codfish; from Norse keila, gadus longus or "long cod". Also cilig (Sutherland).
• cill a church; locative case of ceall, q.v., used for the most part in place-names.
• cillein a concealed heap, repository, Irish cillРЅn, a purse or store of hoarded cash (O'Br.), dim of ceall, cell, church, q.v.
• cineal offspring, clan, Irish cineul, Old Irish cenР№l, Welsh cenedl, Old Welsh cenetl, Corl kinethel, *kenetlo-n: Indo-European qen, begin; Greek kainСѓs, new ( @GkanjСѓs); Latin re-cens, English recent; Church Slavonic koni, beginning; Sanskrit kanР±, young.
• cinn grow, increase, spring from, Irish, Early Irish cinim, spring from, descend of; root qen of cineal, q.v. Also cinnich, grow, increase.
• cinneadh, cinne tribe, clan, Irish cineadh, cine, Early Irish ciniud (g. cineda); from root qen in cineal, q.v. Hence cinnich, gentiles, Irish cineadhach, a gentile.
• cinneag a spindle (Sutherland):
• cinnseal need, desire ( Arms.), contact, origin ( M`A.). In the first sense, the word is from cion, want; in the second, from cinn. In the sense of "contact", as exemplified by M`A., the Scottish kinches, correspondence, etc. ("to kep kinches wi' one"), has to be remembered, a word apparently from kin.
• cinnte
• certain, so Irish, Old Irish cinnim, definio, Р№cintech, infinitus; from ceann, head, q.v.
• cРјob bite, wound (Bib. Gl.); See caob. cРјbidh ( Hend.).
• cРјob
• coarse mountain grass, tow, Irish cРЅob, coarse mountain grass, scirpus cГ¦spitosus. Club rush, flaky peat (Carm.).
• ciobhull the jaw (M`D., who writes "na cРЅobhuill"), ciobhal (Sh.), more properly giall ( Arms.), q.v. H.S.D. gives the pl. as cibhlean.
• cРјoch a woman's breast, Irish cРЅoch, Early Irish cРЅch; cf. Welsh cig, flesh, Middle Breton quic (do.), *kГ®kГў (kГЄkГў?). Bez. suggests (with query) connection with Bulgarian cica, teat, Polish cyc.
• cРјocras hunger, longing, Irish cРЅocras, hunger, greed, ravenousness:
• ciod what, Irish cad, Old Irish cate, cote, lit. "quid est", co+ ta, q.v. Irish caidР№ (North goidР№, Old Irish catР№, what is it, Old Irish itР№, it is.
• ciogail tickle, Irish giglim; See diogail. In the Heb. ciogailt, tickling, also signifies terror, a crisis of timerous determination (H.S.D.).
• ciom a comb, wool-card, Irish ciomam, I comb ( O'Br., Sh.); from Middle English kemb, to comb. H.S.D. has not the word.
• ciomach a prisoner, Irish cimidh, Old Irish cimbid, *km@.biti- (Stokes), root kemb, wind; Latin cingo, surround; Greek @GkСѓmbos, band, Norwegian hempa (do.). See ceangal, from the same Indo-European root qen@g.
• ciombal bell, cymbal, so Irish,; from Latin cymbalum, English cymbal.
• ciomboll a bundle of hay or straw (Heb.); from Norse kimbill, a bundle kimbla, to truss, Scottish kemple, fory bottles of hay or straw, kimple, a piece (Banffshire).
• cion want; from the root ken of gun, without.
• cion love, esteem, Irish cion, cean, Middle Irish cen, Old Irish fochen, welcome; root qino-, qi, Indo-European qei, notice, as in ciall. Further, Greek @Gtimc/, honour, @GtРЅw, honour, @GtРЅnw, pay penalty. The sense of honour and punishment is combined in the same word. See ciont.
• cionag a small portion of land, one-fourth of a cleitig or one-eighth of a "farthing" land (Heb.), Irish cionСѓg, a small coin, a kernel; cf. Welsh ceiniog, a penny.
• cionar music (Arms.; Sh. has cionthar; H.S.D. has cion'thar from A.M`D., querulous music):
• cionn, os cionn etc.; this is the old dat. of ceann, head (*qenno@-).
• cionarra identical, idem; Irish cionda (dial. Gaelic cРјonda), for ceudna, by metathesis of the n. The Gaelic -arra is an adjectival form of the -ar in aon-ar, etc.
• cionnas how, Irish cionnus, Old Irish cindas = co+indas; See co and ++ionnas.
• ciont guilt, Irish cionnta, Old Irish cintach, injustice, cin, guilt (*cin-at-), dat.pl. cintaib; also Gaelic ++cion; Indo-European qin, Greek @GtРЅnumai, punish, @Gpoinc/, punishment, Latin p@oena, punishment, English pain. See cion.
• ciora a pet lamb or sheep, cireag, a petted sheep, ciridh, the call to a sheep to come to one: all from a shorter form of the root ka'er or kair (i.e. kir) of caora, q.v.
• cioralta
• cheerful, ciorbail, snug; from English cheerful. Cf. tРјorail.
• ciorram hurt, damage, wounding, Irish cРЅorrbhadh, Early Irish cirriud, cirud, *cir-thu-, root ker, destroy, Latin caries, decay, Greek @Gkc/r, death, Sanskrit Г§r@.nГўtРЅ, smash. ro cirrad, was mutilated.
• cРјosaich subdue: "make tributary"; from cРјs, tribute, tax.
• ciosan a bread basket, corn-skep (M`D.), Irish cisean, cis, basket, Middle Irish ceiss, possibly allied to (if not borrowed from) Latin cista (Stokes). See cР№is. Scottish cassie.
• ciotach left-handed, sinister, so Irish, Welsh chwith, *sqГ®ttu- (Stokes), *sqit-tu-, and sqit is an extension of sqi, sqai in Greek @GskaiСѓs, Latin scaevas (*sqai-vo-), left.
• ciotag a little plaid, shawl, Old Irish cР№taig, acc. case (Bk.of Armagh);
• cРјr a comb, Irish cРјor, Old Irish cРЅr, *kensrГў; cf. Greek @GktР№is, g. @GktenСѓs, (from skens), Church Slavonic ceslu@u, Lithuanian kasy/ti, scratch (Stokes, Strachan), root qes, shave, scratch; cf. Greek @GxР№w, @GxurСѓn. Zimmer refers it to the root qers, to furrow, Sanskrit karsha, a scratch, etc.; but qers would give a Gaelic cerr. A Celtic cГЄra would be the ideal form, suggesting Latin cГЄra, wax, "honey-comb".
• cРјr
• cud, Irish, Early Irish cРЅr, Manx keeil, Welsh cil, Breton das-kiriat, ruminer. Perhaps identical with cРјr (Windisch). cir, ciridh, sheep (Carm.).
• cРјs tribute, tax, Irish cРЅos, Old Irish cРЅs; from Latin census, whence English census.
• cisd, cist a chest, Irish cisde, Middle Irish ciste, Welsh cist; from Latin cista, Irish cis, piece of basket work of osiers. Cf. Old Irish cass, basket, Latin quasillus.
• cРјsean hamper (Islay); from cРёis.
• ciseart a light tweed (N.Lochaber).
• cistin a kitchen; from the English
• cith a shower, Irish cith, cioth, g. ceatha, Early Irish cith, Old Irish cithech, flebilium; *citu-:
• cith rage, ardour; *ketu-, cf. cuthach: an cith, attuned, where cith seems from English key, mood.
• cithean a complaining; See caoin.
• cithris-chaithris
• confusion (M`L.): "hurly-burly"; an onomatopoetic word.
• ciС‰bhran, ciС‰ran, ciС‰rach small rain, drizzle, Irish ceСѓbhrР±n. See ceС‚ban. Middle Irish ciabor, mist.
• ciuchair beautiful, dimpling ( Sh., Arms.; not H.S.D.):
• ciС‰charan, ciС‰cran a low-voiced plaint: from Norse kjГ¶kra, whine, kjГ¶kr, a voice stifled with tears.
• ciС‰in mild, Irish ciСЉin, *kivo-ni-, Indo-European, kivo-, keivo-, akin, dear; Latin civis, English civil; Norse hy/rr, mild, Anglo-Saxon heСѓre, German ge-heuer, safe; Church Slavonic po-Г§ivu@u, benignus; Sanskrit Г§ivР±, friendly.
• ciС‰rr hurt, Irish cРЅorrbhaigim, I maim, wound: See ciorram. Cf., however, Old Irish dufiurrsa, adteram, du-furr, attriveris, iСЉrthund, to hurt, root org as in turguin.
• clab an open mouth, Irish clab; from English clap, a clap, noise, the human tongue. Hence claban, a mill-clapper.
• claban top of the head, brain-pan (H.S.D.); cf. Welsh clopen, Gaelic claigionn, q.v. Possibly Pictish?
• clР°bar filth, mire, clay, Irish clР±bar (whence English clabber); cf. lР°ban.
• clabar-nasg the clasp of wooden cow collar (Arg.):
• clabog a good bargain, great pennyworth:
• clach a stone, Irish, Early Irish cloch, Welsh clwg, a rock, detached rock, clog, a rock, clogan, a large stone, *klukГў; root kal, kl-, hard; Gothic hallus, stone, Norse hella, flat stone, Sanskrit Г§ilГў, a stone. Usually correlated with Latin calculus, a pebble, English calculate.
• clachan kirk or kirk town, Irish clochР±n, monastic stone-cells singly or in group; also Gaelic and Irish "stepping stones".
• clР°d
• comb wool, clР°d, a wool comb; from Scottish claut, clauts, wool comb, also a "clutching hand, a hoe or scraper"; from claw.
• cladach a shore, beach, so Irish, *claddo-, "a score, shore"; from clad of cladh, q.v.
• clР°dan a burr, a thing that sticks, Irish cladР±n, burr, flake; from clР°d.
• cladh
• churchyard, Irish cladh, a bank, ditch, Early Irish clad, a ditch, Welsh cladd, clawdd, fossa, Cornish cledh (do.), Breton cleuz (do.), *klado-, *klГўdo; root kela, kla, break, split, hit; Greek @GkladarСѓs, easily broken; Latin clГўdes; Russ. kladu, cut. See further claidheamh, sword. Hence cladhaich, dig.
• cladhaire a poltroon, so Irish; "digger, clod-hopper", from cladh?
• clag a bell, Irish clog, Old Irish clocc, Welsh, Cornish cloch, Breton kloc'h, *klokko-, *kloggo-; root, klog, klag, sound; Latin clango, English clang; Greek @GklР±zw, @Gklaggc/, clang; Lithuanian klage@?ti, cackle. Bez. suggests Bul. klu@ucam, hit, giving the stem of clag as *klukko-. Hence English clock, etc.
• clР°ideag a lock, ringlet; See clР°d, clР°dan.
• claidheag the last handful of corn cut on the farm, the "maiden" (Badenoch); Scottish claaik-sheaf (Aberdeen, etc.), from claaick, the harvest home; the state of having all the corn in.
• claidheamh a sword, Irish clСѓidheamh, Old Irish claideb, Welsh cleddyf, Cornish cledhe, Breton kleze, *kladebo-s; root klad, Sanskrit kladga: Greek @GklР±dos, a twig; Church Slavonic kladivo, a hammer. Further root kela, klГў, hit, split; Latin culter, per-cellere, etc. See cladh.
• claidhean better clР°idhean, the bolt of a door, Irish claibРЅn; from the same source as claidheamh. H.S.D. gives it in supp. as clР°imhean.
• claidreach a damaging, shattering: *claddo-; root clad of claidheamh.
• claigionn a skull, Irish cloigionn, Middle Irish cloicend, Welsh clopen, Breton klopenn, *cloc-cenn, from clag and ceann, "bell-head, dome-head". Stokes considers the Irish borrowed from the Welsh. Cf. claban.
• clais a furrow, ditch, so Irish, Early Irish class, Welsh clais, *clad-s-ti-; from *clad of cladh. Breton kleus, pit.
• clР°istinn hearing, listening; from *clГґstГў, ear; See cluas.
• clР°iteachd gentle rain (Arran):
• clambar wrangling, Irish clampar; from Latin clamor.
• clamhan a buzzard:
• clamhradh a scratching, so Irish: *clam-rad; See cloimh, itch.
• clamhsa an alley, close, so Irish,; from English close.
• clР°mhuinn sleet:
• clann
• children, clan, so Irish, Old Irish cland, Welsh plant, *qlanatГў: Indo-European root qel; Greek @GtР№los, company; Old Slavonic celjadi@u, family, Lithuanian kiltis = Lettic zilts, race, stock; Sanskrit kСЉla, race. Some have added Latin populus. Usually regarded as borrowed from Latin planta, a sprout, English plant, whence Gaelic clannach, comatus.
• claoidh vex, oppress, Irish claoidhim, Old Irish clСѓim, Welsh cluddio, overwhelm, *cloid; Indo-European klei, incline, as in claon, q.v. Windisch and Stokes refer it to *cloviГґ, root qlov, qlav, qlu, shut in, Latin claudo, close, claudus, lame, Greek @GkleРЅs, @GkleidСѓs, key.
• claon inclining, squint, oblique, Irish claon, Old Irish clСѓin: *kloino-; Latin cli@-no, accli@-nis, leaning, English incline; Greek @GklРЅnw ( @G i long), incline; English lean; Lithuanian szlГ«/ti, incline; Sanskrit Г§rayati (do.).
• clap, clapartaich
• clap, clapping; from the English clap.
• clР°r a board, tablet, Irish, Old Irish clР±r, Welsh claur, Old Welsh claur; Greek @Gklc/ros (for @Gkla@nros), a lot, @GklР±w, break; root qela, qlГў, break, etc., as in claidheamh, coille, q.v. Hence, inter alia, clР°rach, a woman of clumsy figure, "board-built".
• clР°rsach a harp, Irish clР±irseach; from clР±r. Cf. for meaning fiodhcheall, chess-play, "wood-intelligence".
• clasp, claspa a clasp, Irish clasba; from the English
• clР°tar mire (Dial.); from Scottish clart.
• clathnР°ire bashfulness ( M`D., who writes clР°thnР°ire. H.S.D. gives the form in the text): clath+ nР°ire; See nР°ire. clath seems from the root qel, hide, as in ceil, q.v. ( H.S.D.).
• cleachd a practice, custom, Irish cleachdadh, Early Irish clechtaim, I am wont, *kl@.cto-, root qel, as in Latin colo, English cultivate, Greek @GpР№lomai, go, be, etc. Cf., however, cleas.
• cleachd a ringlet, a fillet of wool, Early Irish clechtaim, I plait (Cam.), Welsh pleth; from Latin plecto, English plait.
• clearc a curl, lock of hair:
• cleas a play, trick, feat, so Irish, Early Irish cless, *clessu-, *clexu-; root klek, klok, as in cluich, q.v.
• cleath
• concealment, hiding; also cleith (*kleti-s); inf. to ceil, hide, q.v.
• cleibe an instrument for laying hold of fish, or of sea-fowls, Irish clipe; from English clip, a gaff or cleek, a fastener, Norse kly/pa, to pinch, Old High German chluppa, tongs.
• clР№ir the clergy, Irish clР№ir; from Latin clГЄrus. See clР№ireach.
• clР№ireach a clerk, a cleric, Old Gaelic clР№rec (Book of Deer), Irish clР№ireach, Early Irish clР№rech, Breton kloarek; from Latin cle@-ricus, a clerk, cleric, from Greek @GklcrikСѓs (do.), from @Gklc@nros, a lot, office: "the lot ( @Gklc@nron) of this ministry" (Acts i. 17).
• cleit a quill, feather, down, Irish cleite:
• cleit a rocky eminence; from Norse klettr, rock, cliff. Common in Northern place-names.
• cleit bar, ridge (Carm.).
• cleith a stake, wattle, Irish cleith, cleath, Early Irish cleth, tignum, Welsh clyd, sheltering, Middle Breton clet, warm (place); root qleit, qlit, Old Sax. hhlГ®dan, cover, Gothic hleiГ°ra, hut, Church Slavonic kleti, house. Hence cleith, roof; the Early Irish clР№the, roof, roof-pole, appears to be for kleitio-, the same root in its full vocalic form (SchrГ¤der).
• cleith
• concealing, Old Irish cleith; See cleath.
• cleitig, clitig a measure of land - an 8th of the "penny" land:
• cleС‚c a cloak, Irish clСѓca; from the English
• cleuraidh one who neglects work (Arran):
• clРј vigour:
• clРј left (hand), wrong, Irish clРЅ, Early Irish clРЅ, Welsh cledd, Old Welsh cled, Breton kleiz, *klijo; root klei, incline, Gothic hleiduma, left, etc. See further under claon.
• cliabh a basket, hamper, the chest (of a man), Irish clРЅabh, Old Irish cliab, corbis, *cleibo-. Root klei as in cliath.
• cliadan a burr; cf. clР°dan.
• cliamhuinn son-in-law, Irish cliamhuin, Gaelic and Irish cleamhnas, affinity; root klei, lean, Latin cliens, English client, in-cline, lean.
• cliar a poet, hero or heroes, Irish, Early Irish clРЅar, society, train, clergy; from Latin clР№rus, as in clР№ir, q.v. Hence cliaranach, a bard, swordsman. The , (Senchan's Lot) was the mythic bardic company, especially on its rounds (Gaelic Folk Tales). Hence cliarachd, singing, feats.
• cliatan a level plot of ground: *cliath-t-an, a participial formation from cliath, harrow - "harrowed, level".
• clath harrow, hurdle, Irish clРЅath, Early Irish cliath, Old Irish Vadum clied (Adamnan), Dublin, Welsh clwyd, hurdle, Cornish cluit, Breton kloned, Gaulish 8clГЄta, whence French claie, hurdle, *kleitГў; root klei, lean; Lettic slita, wood fence, Lit szlitР№, a rack (of a waggon).
• cliath tread hens, as cock:
• cliathach side, the side of the ribs, Irish cliathР±n, side, breast, *kleito-, "slope", root klei, incline; Norse klРЅГ°, a slope, mountain side, Greek @GklitСЉs ( i long), a slope, hill-side.
• clibeag a trick, wile (H.S.D.); from cleibe, clip, as clРјchd from cleek.
• clibist a misadventure; See cliob.
• clic a hook, gaff: See clРјchd.
• clРјchd an iron hook; from Scottish cleik, English cleek, click.
• clРјchd a cunning trick; from the above. Scottish cleiky, ready to take the advantage, tricky, cleek, inclination to cheat: "There's a cleek in 'im" (Banffshire).
• cliob to stumble, cliobach, stumbling, awkward. Cf. Scottish clypock, a fall. See cliob.
• cliob anything dangling, excrescence, cliobain, a dew-lap, Irish cliob, clibРЅn; also Irish cliobach, hairy, shaggy, clibСѓg, a (shaggy) colt, etc. Cf. Scottish clype, an ugly, ill-shaped fellow: origin unknown (Murray); clip, a colt, German klepper, palfrey. Root ql@.@g, stumpy, Greek @GkolobСѓs.
• cliopach halt in speech (H.S.D.): cf. English clip words.
• cliostar a clyster; from the English
• clip a hook, clip, Irish clipe, a gaff; from the English clip. See cleibe.
• clipe deceit (H.S.D.); See clibeag.
• clis active, Irish, Middle Irish cliste, ready, quick. Cf. Welsh clys, impulse: *cl@.-sto-; root kel, as in Latin celer, swift, etc.? "", the Merry Dancers. From cleas. Cf. Irish and Early Irish deil-clis, staff-sling.
• clisbeach unsteady of foot, cripple; from clis. Also clisneach.
• clisg start, Irish cliosg (Meath Dial., clist); from clis.
• clisinnean boat ribs, clisneach, rib:
• clisneach the human body, carcase, outward appearance (Arms.; not H.S.D.):
• clisneach a bar-gate ( H.S.D.), a rib ( Wh.):
• cliС‰ renown, praise, Irish, Old Irish clСЉ, Welsh clyw, sense of hearing, clod, praise; Greek @GklР№os, fame; Sanskrit Г§ravР±s, Indo-European kleu, hear. See further under cluinn.
• cliС‰chd mend nets:
• cliС‰d a slap with the fingers; from the Scottish clout, English clout, a cuff, "clout".
• cliС‰d a small or disabled hand; from Scottish cloot, hoof, half-hoof?
• clС‚, clС‚th broad-cloth; from English cloth, clothing, etc.
• clС‚ a print, printing press, Middle Gaelic clСѓ (Carswell), Irish clСѓ, clСѓdh (clodhuighim, Coneys; Early Irish clod, mark?); cf. ++clС‚. Also clС‚dh. ++clС‚ a nail, Irish, Early Irish clС‚, Welsh clo, key, Breton klao, tool, *klavo-; Latin clГўvus, nail, clavis, key; Greek @GkleРЅs, key, etc. See claoidh.
• clС‚-chadail slumber; See clС‚th.
• clobha a pair of tongs; from Norse klofi, a fork (of a river), a forked mast, snuffers, klof, fork of the legs, "cloven, cleft". The Irish clobh(a) in Con. and Fol., and the clomh of Lh., seems a Scottish importation, for Coneys says the vernacular is tlobh. In fact, the Irish word is tlСЉ, tlСЉgh: "lifter"; root tl@.- as in Latin tollo?
• clobhsa a close, lane, farm-yard, Irish clamhsa, Welsh claws; from English close. Also, clamhsa, q.v.
• clochranaich wheezing in the throat ( M`F.; Sh. has clochar, and clochan, respire); from Scottish clocher, wheezing, cloch, cough feebly. It is an onomatopoetic word, like English cluck, clock.
• clod a clod, turf; from the English
• clogad, clogaid a helmet, Irish clogad, Middle Irish clogat, at chluic, Early Irish clocatt; from ad, hat, q.v., and ++clog head, which See in claigionn.
• clogais a wooden clog; from English clogs.
• cloidhean the pitch of the box-tree or any shrub tree (Arms.; not H.S.D.). Cf. glaoghan.
• cloimh scab, itch, Irish clamh, scurvy, Early Irish clam, leprosus, Welsh clafr, leprosy, claf, diseased, Cornish claf (do.), Middle Breton claff (do.), Breton klanv, *klamo-, sick; Sanskrit klam, weary; Greek @GklamarСѓs, weak (Hes.); Latin clГЄmens.
• clС‚imh wool, down of feathers, Irish clСЉmh, down, feathers, Early Irish clСЉm, pluma, Welsh pluf, plumage; from Latin pluma (English plumage).
• clС‚imhdich rub or scratch as itchy; same as clamhradh in meaning and root.
• clС‚imhein icicle, snot; from clС‚imh
• clois the herb "stinking marsh, horse tail", Irish clСѓis, clo-uisge (O'R.), "water nail" (Cameron).
• cloitheag a shrimp, prawn (M`D.), Irish cloitheСѓg. Possibly for claidh-, *cladi-, root clad of cladh: "a digger". M`L. has instead cloidheag, a small shore-fish.
• clomh
• counteract, subdue (Carm.). See caochail.
• clomhais
• cloves; from the English
• clos rest, sleep, stillness; *clud-to-, root klu, klav; See claoidh.
• closach a carcase; from clos, q.v.
• clС‚said a closet, Irish closeud; from the English
• clС‚th mitigate, still; from the root klav, of claoidh, q.v.
• cluain a green plain, pasture, Irish and Early Irish cluain: *clopni-; Lithuanian szlapti, become wet, szlapina, a wet spot; Greek @GklР№pas (Hes.), a wet muddy place (Strachan).
• cluaineas, cluain intriguing, deceit, Irish cluainearachd, cluain, *clopni; Greek @GklР№ptw; steal, English lift, cattle lifting (Strachan). cluain = sense (Glenmoriston).
• cluaran a thistle; cf. Welsh cluro, whisk.
• cluas ear, Irish, Old Irish cluas, Welsh clust, *kloustГў, root kleus, klus, kleu, hear; Old Sax. hlust, hearing, English listen, etc. See cluinn.
• clС‰d a patch, clout, Irish clСЉd, Welsh clwt; from the English clout, Anglo-Saxon clСЉt (Rhys, Murray).
• cluich play, Irish cluiche, a game, Early Irish cluche, a game, Old Irish cluichech, ludibundus: *klokjo-; Gothic hlahjan, English laugh, German lachen (Windisch, Stokes). placere?
• cluigein a little bell, anything dangling; from clag.
• cluinn hear, Irish, Early Irish cluinim, Welsh clywed hearing, Cornish clewaf, audio, Breton klevet, audire, *klevГґ, I hear; Latin clueo, am reputed, inclustus, famous; Greek @GklevГґ, hear; English loud, listen; Sanskrit Г§ru, hear, crГўvas, sound. Hence cliС‰, cluas, etc.
• cluip
• cheat: hardly *kloppi-; Greek @GklР№ptw.
• clupaid the swollen throat in cattle:
• cluthaich
• cover, clothe, Irish cluthmhar, sheltered, warm. Cf. Early Irish clithaigim, I shelter, clith, clothing, Welsh clyd, sheltering; root qel of ceil, q.v. Irish clСЉdaim, I clothe, cover, from English clothe, has possibly influenced the vowel both in Gaelic and Irish
• cluthaich
• chase, Irish cluthaighim: *kluto-, *klu; See claoidh?
• cnab pull, haul; See cnap.
• cnabaire an instrument for dressing flax, Irish cnР±ib, hemp; See cainb.
• cnag a crack, Irish cnag; from the English crack.
• cnag a pin, knob, Irish cnag; from the English knag, a peg, Danish knag, a peg, Swedish knagg, a knag.
• cnР°id a scoff, Irish cnР±id:
• cnР°imh bone, Irish cnР±imh, Old Irish cnР±im, *knГўmi-s; Greek @Gknc/mc, leg; English ham.
• cnaimhseag a pimple, bear-berry:
• cnР°mh
• chew, digest, Irish cnaoi, cnaoidhim, Early Irish cnР±m, gnawing, Welsh cnoi; Greek @Gknw/dwn, a tooth, @GknР±w, scrape; Lithuanian kandСЉ, bite; Sanskrit khГўd, chew. Root qne@-, qen. Hence cnamhuin, gangarene.
• cnР°mhaiche matured person (M`D.):
• cnap a knob, Irish cnap, Early Irish cnapp; from Norse knappr, a knob, Middle English knap. Hence also Gaelic and Irish cnap, a blow, Scottish knap, English knappe, blow.
• cnapach a youngster; from cnap. But cf. Norse knapi, boy, varlet, English knave. ++cnarra a ship, Irish cnarra; from Norse knГ¶rr, g. knarrar, Anglo-Saxon cnear.
• cnatan a cold: *krod-to-; German rotz, catarrh; Greek @GkСѓruza (do.). Also cneatan.
• cnead a sigh, groan, so Irish, Early Irish, cnet; from the root can of can, say, sing.
• cneadh a wound, so Irish, Early Irish cned, *knidГў; Greek @GknРЅzw, sting, @GknРЅdc, nettle; Anglo-Saxon hnРЅtan, tundere. Cf. Teutonic hnit, hit; Greek @Gknizw, stick, cut; cneidh-ghalar, painful complaint.
• cneap a button, bead; See cnap.
• cneas skin, waist, Irish cneas, Early Irish cnes; from cen of cionn, skin; See boicionn; Cornish knes, body, Welsh cnawd, human flesh.
• cneasda humane, modest, Irish cneasda; from cen as in cineal, kin.
• cnРёatag fir cone, shinty ball:
• cneisne slender (M`D.); from cneas.
• cniadaich
• caress, stroke:
• cnС‚ a nut, Irish cnСѓ, Old Irish cnСЉ, Welsh cneuen, pl. cnau, Cornish cnyfan, Breton knaouenn, *knovГў; Norse, hnot, Anglo-Saxon hnutu, English nut, German nuss.
• cnoc a hillock, Ir, cnoc, Old Irish cnocc, Old Breton cnoch, tumulus, Breton kreac'h, krec'henn, hill, *knokko-; from knog-ko-, Norse, hnakki, nape of the neck, Anglo-Saxon hnecca, necl, English neck. Some have given the stem as *cunocco, and referred it to the root of Gaulish cuno-, high, Welsh cwn, height, root ku, be strong, great, as in curaidh, q.v. Cf. Anglo-Saxon hnoll, Old High German hnol, vertex, head. See ceann.
• cnС‚caid a young woman's hair bound up in a fillet. Founded on the Scottish cockernonny.
• cnod a knot, Irish cnota; from the English
• cnС‚d a patch, piece on a shoe; cf. Scottish knoit, knot, large piece.
• cnС‚daich acquire, lay up, Irish cnСѓdach, acquiring (O'R.); See cnС‚d.
• cnС‚dan the gurnet, Irish cnСЉdР±n (Fol.); cf. Scottish crooner, so-called from the croon or noise it makes when landed. The Gaelic seems borrowed from Scottish crooner, mixed with Scottish crout, croak.
• cnСѓid a sumptuous present (Heb.); crС‚id:
• cnoidh tooth-ache, sever pain; See cnuimh.
• cnomhagan a large whelk, buckie; cf. cnС‚, nut.
• cnot unhusk barley; from cnotag, the block or joint of wood hollowed out for unhusking barley. The word is the English knot?
• cnuachd head, brow, temple, Irish cruaic (O'R.); cf. Welsh cnuwch, bushy head of hair, cnwch, knuckle, cnuch, joint, *cnoucco-, "a prominence"; root kneu, knu; Norse hnСЉkr, hnjСЉkr, knoll, peak, hnuГ°r, a knob. Hence cnuachdach, shrewd: "having a head".
• cnuas gnash, chew, crunch; for cruas, cruais, founded on English crush, crunch?
• cnuasaich ponder, collect, Irish cnuasuighim, cnuas, a collection, scraping together, Gaelic and Irish cnuasachd, reflection, collection, *knousto-; root knu, knevo, scrape, Greek @GknСЉw, scratch, Norse hnГ¶ggr, niggard, English niggard, Anglo-Saxon hneР±w, sparing. The idea is "scraping together": a niggard is "one who scrapes". Stokes (Dict.) gives the root as knup, and compares Lithuanian knupsyti, oppress. St. now, possibly, *knoud-to, Norse, knСЉГ°r, ball. Cf. cruinnich, for force.
• cnuimh a worm; wrong spelling for cruimh, q.v.
• cnumhagan a handful (Heb.); for crobhagan, from ++crobh the hand? See crС‚g.
• co, cС‚ who, Old Irish co-te, now Gaelic ciod, q.v.; Welsh pa, Cornish py, pe, Breton pe, quia, root qo-, qa, qe; Latin quod; Greek @GpСѓ-qi, etc.; English who.
• co, cho as, so; See cho.
• cС‚b plenty (Sh.); from Latin copia. Irish cСѓib, party, followers.
• cobhair assistance, so Irish, Old Irish cobir, *cobris, co+ber, root bher, carry, See beir; and cf. for meaning Greek @GsumfР№rei, it is of use.
• cobhan
• coffer, box, Irish cofra; from English coffin, coffer.
• cobhar foam, Irish cubhar, Early Irish cobur: co+bur; for bar, See tobar, well.
• cobhartach spoil, booty:
• cobhlach fleet. See cabhlach.
• coc
• cock, to cock; from the English
• cС‚caire a cook, Irish cСѓcaire, Middle Irish cocaire, Cornish peber, pistor; from the Latin coquo, I cook.
• cochull also coich (Carm.), husk, hood, Irish cochal, Old Irish cochull, Welsh swcwll, hood, cowl; from Latin cucullus, English cowl.
• cocontachd smartness (A.M`D.); See coc, gog.
• codaich share, divide; from codach, gen. of cuid.
• cС‚dhail a meeting; See cС‚mhdhail.
• cogadh war, so Irish, Old Irish cocad: *con-cath, "co-battle"; See cath.
• cogais
• conscience, Irish cogus, Old Irish concubus: con+cubus; and Old Irish cubus, conscience, is for con-fis, co and fios, knowledge, q.v.
• cogan a loose husk, covering (H.S.D.), a small vessel; See gogan for latter force.
• cogull tares, cockle, Irish cogal; borrowed from Middle English cackel, cokkul, now cockle.
• coibhneas proper spelling of caoimhneas, which see.
• coibhseachd propriety, so Irish coibhseach, becoming; cf. Middle Irish cuibdes, fittingness, from cubaid; See cubhaidh.
• coicheid suspicion, doubt:
• cСѓig five, Irish cСЉig, Old Irish cСѓic, Welsh pump, Early Welsh pimp, Cornish pymp, Breton pemp, Gaulish pempe, *qenqe; Latin quinque; Greek @GpР№nte; Lithuanian penki; Gothic fimf; Sanskrit pР±Г±ca.
• coigil spare, save, so Irish, Early Irish coiclim, cicill (n.); *con-cel, root qel, as in Latin colo, etc. Also cagail. The Early Irish cocell, concern, thought, is for con-ciall; ciall, sense.
• coigreach a stranger, Irish coigcrigheach, cСѓigcrРЅoch, *con-crРЅch-ech, "provincial", Early Irish cocrРЅch, province, boundary. See crРјoch. The meaning is, "one that comes from a neighbouring province".
• coilceadha bed materials, ++coilce a bed, Irish coilce, a bed, Early Irish colcaid, flock bed, Old Welsh cilcet, now cylched; from Latin culcita, a pillow, English quilt.
• coilchean a little cock, water spouting; from coileach, q.v.
• coileach a cokc, so Irish, Old Irish cailech, Welsh ceiliog, Cornish celioc, Breton kiliok, *kaljР±kos, the "caller"; rrot qal, call; Latin calare, summon, English Calends; Greek @GkalР№w, call; Lithuanian kalba, speech, etc.
• coileag a cole of hay; from the Scottish cole, a cole or coil of hay. See gСѓileag. cС‚ileag (Perth.).
• coileid a stir, noise (Heb.); cf. English coil, of like force. The Gaelic seems borrowed therefrom.
• coileir a collar, Irish coilР№ar; from the English
• coilionn a candle; See coinneal.
• coi'lige (Dial.), race, course (Hend.): coimhliong.
• coiliobhar a kind of gun; See cuilbheir.
• coille, coill wood, Irish coill, Old Irish caill, Welsh celli, Cornish kelli, *kaldet-, Greek @GklР±dos, a twig; English holt, German holz. Further root qla, qela, split, hit, as in cladh, claidheamh, q.v.
• coileag a cockle ( M`D.), Irish coilleСѓg ( O'R.), Cornish cyligi:
• coilleag a rural song, a young potato, a smart blow:
• coileag, coileig (accent on end syllable; Perth.), a smart stroke:
• coilpeachadh equalizing cattle stock (Heb.); colpach.
• coilpein a rope:
• coimeas
• comparison, co-equal, Irish coimheas, Early Irish coimmeas: com-+ meas. See meas.
• coimh-, co- See comh-.
• coimheach strange, foreign, cruel, Irish coimhtheach, cСѓimhthigheach, cСѓimhightheach, strange, Middle Irish comaigthe, foreign, Old Irish comaigtech, alienigena; for comaitche (Stokes). See tathaich. ++Coimhde God, Irish CСѓimhdhe, God, the Trinity, Old Irish comdiu, gen. comded (Book of Deer), Lord, *com-mediГґs, "Providence", root med, think as in Gaelic meas, esteem, Latin modus, mediator, mediate. See meas. The fanciful "Coibhi, the Celtic arch-druid", is due to a confusion of the obsolete Coimhdhe with the Northumbrian Coifi of Bede.
• coimhead looking, watching, Irish cСѓimhР№ad, Old Irish comР№t, *com-entu-. For entu, See dРјdean.
• coimhearsnach a neighbour, Irish cСѓmharsa, gen. cСѓmharsan, Early Irish comarse; from com- and ursainn, a door-post (Zimmer). See ursainn.
• coimheart a comparison; *com-bР№rt, root ber, of beir. Cf. Latin confero.
• coimheirbse wrangling: comh-+ farpuis, q.v.
• coimhirp rivalry, striving (Arg.); same root as oidhirp.
• coimhliong a race, course, also coi'lige (Dial.); Irish cСѓimhling; from com- and lingim, I leap. For root, See leum.
• coimsich perceive, Irish coimighim: com-meas; See meas.
• coimirc mercy, quarter, so Irish; See ++comairce.
• coimpire an equal, match; from English compeer or Latin compar.
• coimrig trouble; from Scottish, English cumber, cumbering.
• coimseach indifferent (Sh.); from coimeas, co-equal.
• coindean a kit (Arms.: not in H.S.D.):
• cС‚ineag a nest of wild bees (M`L.); from cС‚inneach, moss. See caonnag.
• coinean a rabbit, coney, Irish coinРЅn, Welsh cwning; from Middle English cuinin, from Old Greek connin, connil, from Latin cuniculus, whence English coney, through French
• coingeis indifferent, same as, no matter; con-geas, from geas, desire, etc. Cf. Р°illeas, from ail-ges.
• coingeal a whirlpool (H.S.D.):
• coingheall a loan, Irish coinghioll, obligation; con-+ giall, q.v.
• coingir a pair (Sh.):
• coinlein a nostril; See cuinnean.
• coinn fit of coughing; a nostril (Hend.):
• coinne a supper, a party to which every one brings his own provisions (Heb.). Cf. Early Irish coindem, coinmed, coigny, conveth, quartering, *kond, eat, as in cnР°mh, q.v.
• coinne woman (Hend.); from Norse kona, kvenna (gen. pl.), woman, English queen.
• coinne, coinneamh a meeting, Irish coinne, Early Irish conne, *con-nesiГў; root nes, come, dwell, Greek @GnР№moi, go, @GnaРЅw, dwell; Sanskrit nas, join some one. Stokes seems to think that kon-dГЄ- is the ultimate form here, dГЄ being the Indo-European dhГЄ, set, Greek @GtРЅqcmi, etc. coinneamh, when used as adverb = coinnibh, dat.pl.?
• cС‚inneach moss, Irish caonach, Middle Irish cСЉnnach, Old Irish coennich, muscosi:
• coinneal
• candle, so Irish, Early Irish candel, Welsh canwyll, Old Welsh cannuill, Cornish cantuil; from Latin candela, whence English candle.
• coinneas a ferret; *con-neas, "dog-weasel"? See neas.
• coinnseas
• conscience (Hend.):
• coinnlein a stalk, Irish coinlРЅn, Middle Irish coinnlin, Old Irish connall, stipula, *konnallo-; Latin, canna, a rood, Greek @GkР±nna. Stokes also joins Welsh cawn, reed, *kГўno.
• cС‚ir just, right, Irish, Old Irish cСѓir, Welsh cywir: *ko-vГЄro-, "co-true", from vГЄro-, now fРЅor, q.v. Hence cС‚ir, justice, right, share. Also in the phrase 'n an cС‚ir, in their presence; See comhair.
• coirb
• cross, vicious, Irish corbadh, wickedness, Early Irish corpte, wicked; from Latin corruptus. Also See coiripidh.
• coirceag a bee-hive ( Sh., O'R.):
• coire fault, so Irish, Old Irish caire, Old Welsh cared, Welsh cerydd, Breton carez, *karjГў; Latin carinare, blame, abuse; Let. karinР±t, banter, Church Slavonic karati, punish.
• coire a cauldron, so Irish, Early Irish core, coire, Welsh pair, Cornish, Breton per, *qerjo; Norse hverr, kettle, Anglo-Saxon hwer; Sanskrit carСЉ; Greek @GkР№rnos, a sacrificial vessel.
• coireal
• coral, from the English
• coireall a quarry, Irish coireul, coilР№r (Four Masters); from French carriere, with dissimilation of r's (Stokes).
• coireaman
• coriander, so Irish; founded on the Latin coriandrum, Greek @GkorРЅannon.
• coirioll a carol; from the English
• coiripidh
• corruptible; from Latin corruptus.
• cС‚irneil a colonel, Irish curnel, corniel (Four Masters); from the English
• coirpileir a corporal; from the English
• coiseunuich bless (Sh.); con-+ seun or sian, q.v.
• coisich walk, Irish coiseachd (n.); from cas, coise, q.v.
• coisinn win; See cosnadh.
• coisir a festive party, chorus, Irish coisir, feast, festive party, cСѓisir ( O'R., O'Br., and Keat.), feasting, "coshering":
• coisrigeadh
• consecration, Old Gaelic consecrad (Book of Deer), Irish coisreagadh, Old Irish coisecrad; from Latin consecratio.
• coit a small boat, Irish coit, Early Irish coite. Cf. Latin cotta, species navis, Norse kati, a small ship, English cat. Stokes suggests that the Gaelic and Irish are from the Low Latin cotia, navis Indica. Hence English cot. Now from *quontio; Gaulish ponto, whence English punt.
• coitcheann
• common, public, so Irish, Old Irish coitchenn: *con-tech-en?
• coiteir a cottar, Irish coiteСѓir; from the English cottar.
• coitich press one to take something: *con-tec-, root tek, ask, English thig; See atach.
• col an impediment, Irish colaim; root qela, qlГў, break, split? See call; and cf. Greek @GkwlСЉw, hinder, which is probably from the same root.
• col sin, Irish, Early Irish col, Welsh cwl, Old Breton col, *kulo-; Latin culpa, colpa, fault. Stokes hesitates between referring it to the root of Latin culpa or to that of Latin scelus, Gothic skal, English shall, German schuld, crime.
• colag a small steak or collop (Arg.); from English collop.
• colaiste a collage, Irish colaisde; from the English
• colamoir the hake ( Sh., O'Br.), Irish colamСѓir; cf. Scottish coalmie, colemie, the coal-fish.
• cС‚lan a fellow-soldier, companion; cf. cС‚mhla, together. The Irish cСѓmhlach is for com-lach, the lach of С‚glach.
• colann, colainn a body, so Irish, Old Irish colinn, gen. colno, Welsh celain, carcase, Old Welsh celein, cadaver, *colanni- (Brugmann); root qela, break, the idea being "dead body"? Cf. for meaning Greek @GnР№kus, corpse, from nek, kill.
• colbh pillar, Irish colbh, Early Irish colba, Welsh celff, Breton kelf; Latin columna, English column; root qel, high. Gaelic colbh, plant stalk, Irish colmh, is allied to Latin culmus. The Celtic words, if not borrowed from, have been influenced by the Latin
• colc an eider duck (Heb.); from Scottish, English colk, Early Frisian kolke, the black diver.
• colg wrath, Irish, colg; a metaphorical use of calg (i.e. colg), q.v.
• colg sword (ballads). See calg.
• collachail boorish ( H.S.D.; O'R. quoted as authority), Irish collach-amhuil; from Irish collach, boar. See cullach.
• collaid a clamour, Irish collСѓid; See colР№id.
• collaidh
• carnal, sensual, so Irish, Early Irish collaide; for colnaide, from colann, body, flesh.
• collaidin, codalan white poppy (H.S.D.; O'R. only quoted), Irish collaidРЅn, codalР±n; from colladh, codal, sleep.
• collainn a smart stroke; also coilleag.
• colman a dove; See calman.
• colpack a heifer, steer, Irish colpack, Middle Irish calpach; apparently founded on Norse kР±lfr, a calf. Hence Scottish colpindach.
• coltach like; for co-amhuil-t-ach. See amhuil, samhuil.
• coltar a coulter, Irish coltar, Early Irish coltar; from Middle English cultre, Latin culter.
• columan a dove, Irish and Old Irish colum, Welsh colomen, cwlwm, Cornish colom, Breton coulm; from Latin columbus, columba.
• cСѓm the cavity of the chest, Irish com, coim, chest cavity, waist, body. The Gaelic is allied to Welsh cwm, a valley, "a hollow", *kumbo-; Greek @Gku@nfos, Latin cumbere; German haube, hood; root kumbo-, bend. The Old Irish coim, covering, is from the root kemb, wind, as in cam, q.v.
• coma indifferent, so Irish, Early Irish cuma, Old Irish cumme, idem, is cumma, it is all the same; from root me, measure: "equal measure".
• comaidh a messing, eating together, Early Irish commaid, *kom-buti-s, "co-being", from *buti-s, being. See bРј, be.
• comain obligatino, Irish comaoin, Old Irish commР±in: *com-moini-; Latin communis. See maoin. ++comairce protection; See comraich.
• comanachadh
• celebration of the Lord's Supper; from comann or comunn, society, Latin communio, English communion.
• comannd a command; from the English ++comar a confluence, Irish comar, cumar, Early Irish commar, Welsh cymmer, Breton kemper, confluent, *kom-bero-; Latin con-fero. Root bher, as in beir.
• comas, comus power, Irish cumas, Early Irish commus, *com-mestu-, *mestu-, from med, as in meas (Zimmer, Brugmann).
• combach a companion; a shortened form of companach.
• combaid
• company (Dial.):
• combaiste, compaiste a compass, Irish compР±s; from the English
• comh-, com- prefix denoting "with, com-, con-", Irish comh-, Old Irish com-, *kom-; Latin cum, com-, con-, English com-, con-, etc. It appears as comh-, com- (before m and b), con- (before d, g), etc.
• comhach prize, prey: *com-agos-; root ag, drive?
• comhachag owl, Welsh cuan, Breton kaouen, Old Breton couann; Late Latin cavannus (from the Celtic - Ernault), French chouette, Old French choue. Cf. German schugu, uhu. An onomatopoetic word originally.
• co had a comparison (Sh.); comh-+ fad, q.v.
• co haib
• contention about rights (M`A.):
• comhaich dispute, assert, contend:
• comhailteachd a convoy, Irish comhailtim, I join; from comhal, a joining, so Irish, Early Irish accomallte, socius, Old Irish accomol, conjunctio, Welsh cyfall, *ad-com-ol. For ol, See under tional, alt.
• comhair presence, e regione, etc., Irish cСѓmhair, Early Irish comair, Welsh cyfer, Old Welsh cwer: com-+ air, the prep. comh- and air, q.v. (Asc.). Cornish kever. Cf. comhghar of Irish
• comhairc an outcry, appeal, forewarning, Irish cСѓmhairce, Early Irish comaircim, I ask: com-+ arc. For arc, See iomchorc.
• comhairle advice, Irish cСѓmhairle, Old Irish airle, air+ le. This le is usually referred to the root las, desire, Sanskrit lash, desire, Latin lascivus, wanton. Ascoli suggests the root la@- of Old Irish lР±aim, mittere, Greek @Ge@'laСЉnw.
• comhal a joining - an Irish word; See comhailteachd.
• comhalta a foster-brother, Irish cСѓmhalta, Early Irish comalta, Welsh cyfaillt, friend, *kom-altjos, root al, rear, Latin alo. See altrum.
• comharradh a mark, Irish cСѓmhartha, Old Irish comarde; from com and Old Irish airde, signum, Welsh arwydd, Middle Breton argoez, *are-video-; root vid, as in Latin video, here pr@oe-video, etc.
• comhart the bark of a dog; from comh- and art, Old Irish artram, latratus, Welsh cyfarth, arthio, to bark, Old Breton arton. Cf. Irish amhastrach, barking.
• cС‚mhdach
• clothing, covering, Irish cСЉmhdach, veil, covering, defence, Early Irish comtuch, cumtach, covering, "shrine": *con-ud-tog; root teg, tog, as in tigh, q.v. Cf. cСЉintgim, peto: *com-di-segim.
• cС‚mhdaich allege, prove: *com-atach; See atach?
• cС‚mhdhail a meeting, Irish cСѓmhdhР±il, Early Irish comdР±l: com-+dР±il; See dР±il.
• cС‚mhla together, Irish cСѓmhlР±mh: com-+ lР°mh, "co-hand, at hand". See lР°mh.
• cС‚mhla door, door-leaf, Irish cСѓmhla, Early Irish comla, gen. comlad: *com-la@-, root (p)la@-, fold, groove (cf. Latin sim-plu-s, Old High German zwГ®fal, two-fold); root pal, pel, as in alt, joint.
• comhlann a combat, Irish cСѓmhlann, Early Irish comlann: *com+lann; See lann.
• comhluadar
• conversation, colloquy, Irish cСѓmhluadar, company, conversation; from luaidh, speak (*com-luad-tro-). See luaidh.
• cС‚mhnadh help, Irish cСЉngnamh, Old Irish congnam, inf. to congniu, I help: com-+(g)nРј, "co-doing". See nРј, do gnРјomh, deed.
• cС‚mhnard level, Irish cСѓmhР±rd: com-+ Р°rd, "co-high, equally high".
• cС‚mhnuidh a dwelling, Irish cСѓmhnuidhe, a tarrying, dwelling, Early Irish comnaide, a waiting, delay, (also irnaide): *com-naide; root nes, nas, dwell; Greek @GnaРЅw, dwell, @GnР№omai, go, @GnaР№tes, inhabitant; Sanskrit nas, join any one.
• cС‚mhradh
• conversation, Irish cС‚mhradh; com-+ rР°dh; See rР°dh.
• cС‚mhrag a conflict, Irish cСѓmhrac, Early Irish comrac, battle, Old Irish comracc, meeting, Welsh cyfrang, rencounter, *kom-ranko-; root renk, assemble; Lithuanian rРјnkti, assemble, surinkРјmas, assembly.
• comhstadh a borrowing, loan: *com-iasad-; See iasad? Cf. Early Irish costud, consuetudo.
• compР°irt partnership, Irish cСѓmpР±rtas; from com- and pР°irt, q.v.
• companach
• companion, Irish cСѓmpР±nach, Middle Irish companach; from Early English compainoun, through French, from Late Latin compГўniГґ, "co-bread-man", from pГўnis, bread. Dialectic combach.
• comradh aid, assistance:
• comraich protection, sanctuary, Irish cСѓmairce, comruighe, Early Irish comairche, Middle Irish comairce; from the root arc, defend, as in teasairg, q.v.
• comunn society, company, Irish cumann; from Latin communio, English communion.
• con- with; See comh-.
• cona
• cat's tail or moss crops (Sh.); See canach. Cf. gonan, grass roots.
• conablach a carcase, so Irish; for con-ablach; See con- and ablach. "Dog's carcase" (Atkinson).
• conachag a conch (M`A.); from the English
• concachair a sick person who neither gets worse nor better (M`A.), uproar (M`F.):
• cona-ghaothach tempest, raging gale (Hend.):
• conair a path, way (Sh., O'Br.), so Irish, Old Irish conar:
• conaire the herb "loose-strife", Irish conair (O'R.); See conas.
• conal love, fruitage (Carm.):
• conalach brandishing ( Sh.; not H.S.D.); cf. the name Conall, *Cuno-valo-s, roots kuno (see curaidh) and val, as in flath, q.v.
• conaltradh
• conversation, Irish conaltra ( O'R.; Sh.): *con-alt-radh? For alt, See alt, joint.
• conas a wrangle, so Irish (O'R., Sh.); from con-, the stem of cС‰, dog: "currushness"?
• conas, conasg furze, whins, Irish conasg ( O'R., Sh.): cf. conas above. Manx conney, yellow furze.
• condrachd, contrachd mischance, curse, Early Irish contracht; from Latin contractus, a shrinking, contraction.
• confhadh rage, Irish confadh, Middle Irish confad: con+fadh; for fadh, See onfhadh.
• cС‚nlan an assembly, Irish conlР±n. H.S.D. gives as authorities for the Gaelic word "Lh. et C.S.".
• conn sense, so Irish, Early Irish cond: *cos-no-, root kos, kes, as in Gaelic chРј, see; Greek @GkonnР№w, understand, @GkСѓsmos, array ("what is seen"), world. See further under chРЅ for kes. Stokes equates cond with Gothic handngs, wise; but this is merely the English handy. It has been suggested as an ablaut form to ceann, head. Gothic hugs, sense, has also been compared; *cug-s-no- is possible.
• connadh fuel, so Irish, Old Irish condud, Welsh cynnud, Cornish cunys, *kondutu-; rrot kond, kn@.d; Latin candeo, incendo; Greek @GkР±ndaros, coal.
• connan lust:
• connlach straw, stubble, so Irish Old Irish connall, stipula: konnallo-; Latin cannula, canna, a reed, canalis, Greek @GkР±nna, reed. See coinnlein.
• connsaich dispute; See under ionnsaich.
• connspair a disputant: *con-desbair; See deasbair.
• connspeach a wasp, Irish connspeach (Fol.); See speach, wasp.
• connspoid a dispute, Irish conspСѓid; from a Latin *consputatio, for *condisputatio. See deasbud.
• connspunn, conspull
• cС‚nsmunn, a hero, Irish conspullach, heroic (O'R.):
• constabal the township's bailiff (Heb.); from English constable.
• contraigh neaptide, Old Irish contracht; from Latin contractus, shrinking (Zeuss, Meyer). See condrachd and traogh.
• contran wild angelica, Irish contran (O'R.):
• conuiche a hornet (H.S.D.), cС‚nuich (Arms.), conuibhe, connuibh (M`L., M`A.); used by Stewart in the Bible glosses. Same root as conas.
• cop foam, Middle Irish, Early Irish copp; from Anglo-Saxon, Middle English copp, vertex, top, German kopf, head.
• copag docken, Irish copСѓg, capСѓg; Middle Irish copСѓg. Founded on the English cop, head, head-dress, crest, tuft; Welsh copog, tufted. The same as cop, q.v.
• copan a boss, shield boss, cup; from the Norse koppr, cup, bell-shaped crown of a helmet, English cup.
• copar
• copper, Irish copar; from the English
• cor state, condition, Irish cor, Old Irish cor, positio, "jactus", *koru-, vb. *koriГґ, I place. See cuir.
• cС‚ram a faction, a set (M`A.); from the English quorum.
• corc a cork, so Irish; from the English
• corc a knife, gully, dirk, Irish corc: *korko-, *qor-qo-, root qor, qer cut; Lithuanian kirwis, axe; Greek @GkР№rma, a chip, @GkeРЅrw, cut. Allied to the root sqer of sgar, q.v.
• corc oats, Irish coirce, Middle Irish corca, Welsh ceirch, Breton kerc'h, *korkjo-. Bezzenberger suggests connect with Lettic kurki, small corn. Possibly for kor-ko-, where kor, ker is the root which appears in Latin Ceres, English cereal, Greek @GkСѓros, satiety, Lithuanian szР№rti, feed. The meaning makes connection with Greek @GkСѓrkoros, pimpernel, doubtful.
• corcur
• crimson, Irish corcur, scarlet, Old Irish corcur, purple, Welsh porphor; from Latin purpura (English purple).
• cС‚rd a rope, Irish corda; from English cord, Latin corda.
• cС‚rd agree, Irish cord; from obsolete English cord, agree, bring to an agreement, from Latin cord-, the stem of cor, heart, whence English cordial, etc. The Scottish has the part. as cordyt, agreed.
• cordaidhe spasms (Sh.): "twistings", from cС‚rd.
• cС‚rlach bran, refuse of grain (M`D.; O'R has corlach), cС‚rrlach, coarsly ground meal, over-plus. A compound of cС‚rr, "what is over"?
• cС‚rn a drinking horn, Irish, Early Irish corn, Welsh corn, Breton korn, *korno-; Latin cornu; English horn; Greek kР№ras, horn.
• cС‚rnuil retching, violent coughing: *kors-no-? For kors, See carrasan.
• coron a crown, Irish, Early Irish corСѓin, corСѓn, Welsh coron; from Latin corona (English crown).
• corp a body, Irish, Old Irish corp, Welsh corff, Breton korf; from Latin corpus (English corpse, Scottish corp).
• corpag tiptoe (Arms.); seemingly founded on corr of corrag.
• corr a crane, Irish, Early Irish corr, Welsh crychydd, Cornish cherhit, Old Breton corcid, ardea, *korgsГў, korgjo-s; Greek @GkР№rhw, be hoarse, @Gkerhnc, a hawk, Old Slavonic kraguj, sparrow-hawk. Cf. Welsh cregyr, heron, "screamer", from cregu, be hoarse; Anglo-Saxon hrР±gra, German reiher, heron, Greek @GkrРЅzw, @GkrРЅke, screech.
• cС‚rr excess, overplus, Irish corr; Gaelic corr, odd, Irish cor, corr, odd; also Irish corr, snout, corner, point, Early Irish corr, rostrum, corner. The Early Irish corr, rostrum, has been referred by Zimmer and Thurneysen to corr, crane - the name of "beaked" bird doing duty for "beak". The modern meanings of "excess, odd" (cf. odd of English, which really means "point, end") makes the comparison doubtful. Refer it rather to kors-, stick out, point, head; Greek @GkСѓrsc, head; stem keras-; Latin crista, English crest; further is Greek @GkР№ras, horn, Latin cerebrum, Norse hjarsi, crown of the head; and also cС‚rn, horn, q.v. Hence corran, headland.
• corra-biod an attitude of readiness to start; from cС‚rr, point, and biod = biog, start. corra-beaga (M`A.).
• corrach abrupt, steep, Irish, Middle Irish corrach, unsteady, wavering; "on a point", from corr, point, odd?
• corra-chagailt glow-worm-like figures from raked embers, Irish corrchagailt; from cС‚rr, a point, and cagailt.
• corradhuil first effor of an infant to articulate. An onomatopoetic word.
• corrag a forefinger, finger; from cС‚rr, point, etc.
• corra-ghriodhach a heron, crane, Irish corr-ghrian, heron; from cС‚rr, and (Early Irish) grith, a cry, scream, *gr@.tu-, root gar, of goir, q.v.
• corran a sickle, Irish corrР±n, carrР±n, Middle Irish corrР±n, *korso-, root kors, kers, an extension of Indo-European qero, Greek @GkeРЅrw, etc., as in corc, q.v. Cf. Indo-European qerpo, cut, from the same root, which gives Latin carpo, cull, Greek @GkarpСѓs, fruit (English harvest), Lithuanian kerpu, cut, Sanskrit kr@.pana, sword. Gaelic may be from a korpso-, korso-. The Gaelic has also been referred to the root kur, round, as in cruinn, Irish cor, circuit ( O'Cl.).
• corran headland; See cС‚rr.
• corran a spear, barbed arrow (Ossianic Poems); from corr, a point, q.v.
• corranach loud weeping, "coronach", Irish corР±nach, a funeral cry, dirge: co+rР°n-ach, "co-weeping"; See rР°n.
• corrghuil a murmur, chirping (Heb.); See corradhuil.
• cС‚rrlach
• coarsely ground meal, overplus; See cС‚rlach.
• corruich anger, rage, Irish corruighe, vb. corruighim, stir, shake; from corrach. The striking resemblance to Middle English couroux, Old French couroux (from Latin corruptus), has been remarked by Dr Cameron (Rel.Celt. II, 625).
• cС‚rsa a coast; from the English course. Cf. cС‚rsair, a cruiser.
• cor-shРјomain thraw-crook; from cor or car, q.v., and sРјoman, q.v.
• cos a foot, leg; See cas.
• cС‚s a cave, Irish cuas, topographically Coos, Coose, Middle Irish cuas, a cave, hollow: *cavosto-, from cavo-, hollow; Latin cavus. It is possible to refer it to *coud-to, koudh, hide, Greek @GkeСЉqw, English hide, hut. The Norse kjСѓs, a deep or hollow place, is not allied, but it appears in Lewis in the place-name Keose.
• cosanta industrious; See cosnadh.
• cosd
• cost, Irish cosdus (n.), Middle Irish costus, Welsh cost; from Old French cost, English cost.
• cosgairt slaughtering; See casgair.
• cosgaradh valuation of the sheep and cattle which a crofter is entitled to; Norse kost-gorГ°, state of affairs (Lewis).
• cosgus
• cost; a by-form of cosd.
• coslach like, coslas, likeness, Irish cosmhuil, like, Old Irish cosmail, cosmailius (n.): con-+ samhail, q.v.
• cosmhail like; See coslach.
• cosmal rubbish, refuse of meat, etc. (M`A.):
• cosnadh earning, winning, Irish cosnamh, defence, Old Irish cosnam, contentio, *co-sen-, root sen, Sanskrit san, win, sangias, more profitable, Greek @Ge@'\nara, booty. Middle Irish aisne, gain, *ad-senia, Sanskrit sanati, Greek @Ga@'/numi.
• costag
• costmary; from the English
• cot a cottage; from English cot.
• cС‚ta a coat; Irish cСѓta; from the English
• cota-bР°n a groat:
• cotan
• cotton, Irish cotСЉn; from the English
• cothachadh earning support, Irish cothughadh, Middle Irish cothugud, support; from teg, tog, as in tigh?
• cothaich
• contend, strive; from cath, battle?
• cothan pulp, froth; See omhan.
• cothar a coffer, Irish cСѓfra; from the English
• cothlamadh things of a different nature mixed together:
• cothrom fairplay, justice, Irish cСѓmhthrom, equilibrium, Early Irish comthrom, par: com-+ trom, q.v.
• crР°bhach devout, Irish crР±bhach, Old Irish crР±ibdech, crabud, fides, Welsh crefydd, *krab, religion; Sanskrit vi-Г§rambh, trust.
• cracas
• conversation; from Scottish, English crack.
• crР°dh torment, Irish crР±dh, Early Irish crР±d, crР±idim (vb.). Ascoli has compared Old Irish tacrР±th, exacerbatione, which he refers to a stem acrad-, derived from Latin acritas. This will not suit the Р° of crР°dh. Possibly it has arisen from the root ker, cut, hurt (ker, krГў).
• crР°-dhearg blood-red, Early Irish crСѓ-derg; See crС‚.
• crag, crac a fissure; from the English crack.
• craicionn skin, Irish croiceann, Old Irish crocenn, tergus, Cornish crohen, Breton kroc'hen, *krokkenno-, Welsh croen, *krokno- (?) From *krok-kenn: krok is allied to German ru@cken, back, English ridge, Norse hryggr; and kenn is allied to English skin. For it, See boicionn.
• craidhneach a skeleton, a gaunt figure, craidhneag, a dried peat; for root, See creathach, crРјon (*krat-ni-).
• crР°igean a frog, from crР°g, crС‚g, q.v. : "the well-pawed one".
• craimhinn
• cancer, Irish cnamhuinn; from cnР°mh, q.v.
• crР°in a sow, Irish crР±in, Middle Irish crР±nai (gen. case): *cra@-cnix, "grunter", root qreq, as in Latin cro@-cio, croak, Lithuanian krГµkti, grunt.
• crР°iteag a niggard woman; likely from crР°dh.
• crР°lad torment; from crР°dh-lot, crР°dh and lot, q.v.
• cramaist a crease by folding (Skye):
• cramb a cramp-iron, Irish crampa; from the English
• crambadh, crampadh a quarrel:
• crР°laidh
• crawl, crawling; from the English
• crann tree, a plough, Irish crann, a tree, lot, Old Irish crann, Welsh and Breton prenn: *qrenn-; cf. Greek @GkrР±non, cornel, Latin cornus, Lithuanian kР№ras, tree stump, Old Prussian kirno, shrub (Bezzenberger). Windisch correlated Latin quernus, oaken, but this form, satisfactory as it is in view of the Welsh, rather stands for quercnus, from quercus, oak.
• crannadh withering, shrivelling, Irish crannda, decrepit; from crann: "running to wood".
• crannag a pulpit, a wooden frame to hold the fir candles, Irish crannСѓg, a hamper or basket, Middle Irish crannoc, a wooden vessel, a wooden structure, especially the "crannogs" in Irish lakes. From crann; the word means many kinds of wooden structures in Gadelic lands.
• crannchur lot, casting lots, Irish crannchar, Old Irish crannchur; from crann and cuiir.
• crannlach the teal, red-breasted merganser; from crann and lach, duck, q.v.
• craobh tree, so Irish, Early Irish crСѓeb, crР±eb, *croib? "the splittable", root krei, kri, separate; as tree of English and its numerous congeners in other languages is from the root der, split; and som other tree words are from roots meaning violence of rending or splitting (klР±dos, twig, e.g.). For root kri, See criathar.
• craoiseach a spear, Early Irish crСѓisech; from craobh?
• craoit a croft; See croit.
• craos a wide, open mouth, gluttony, so Irish, Early Irish crСѓes, crР±es, Old Irish crois, gula, gluttony. Zimmer cfs. Welsh croesan, buffoon. Possibly a Celtic krapesty-, allied to Latin cra@-pula, or to Greek @GkraipР±lc, headache from intoxication.
• crasgach
• cross-ways, crasg, an across place; for crosg, from cros of crois, a cross, q.v.
• crasgach
• corpulent (Sh.; H.S.D. for C.S.); from obsolete cras, body (O'Cl.), Irish cras, for *crapso-, *kr@.ps, root kr@.p of Latin corpus?
• cratach back of person, side (Skye): crot?
• crath shake, Irish crathadh, Old Irish crothim, *kr@.to-; perhaps allied to Lithuanian kresti, kraty/i, shake. But it may be allied to crith, q.v. It has been compared to Greek @GkradР±w, brandish, which may be for @GskardР±w, root sker in @GskaРЅrw, spring, German scherz, joke. This would suit Gaelic crith, Welsh cryd and ysgryd.
• crРё
• clay, Irish, Old Irish crР№, g. criad, Welsh pridd, Cornish, Breton pry. Its relation to Latin crГЄta, which Wharton explains as from crГЄtus, "sifted", from cerno, is doubtful. If cerno be for *crino, Greek @GkrРЅnw, we should have the root kri, krei, separate, as in criathar, and it is not labialised in any language (not qrei). The Celtic phonetics are not easily explained, however. Stokes gives the stem as qreid-, but the modern Gaelic has the peculiar Рё sound which we find in gnРё, cРё. This points to a stem qre@--jГў, root qrГЄ, which is in agreement with Latin crГЄta without doing the violence of supposing crino to give cerno, and this again crГЄtus. Cf. Old Irish clР№, left.
• crРё, creubh body; See creubh.
• crРёabag a ball for playing, fir cone:
• creach plunder, so Irish, Early Irish crech, plundering, hosting; cf. Breton kregi, seize, bite, catch (as fire). From the root ker, cut, ultimately. See corc, knife, and creuchd.
• creachag a cockle, Irish creach, scollop shell ( O'R.); cf. Welsh cragen, a shell, Cornish crogen, Breton krog.
• creachan, creachann bare summit of a hill wanting foliage, a mountain: "bared", from creach?
• creachan pudding mad with a calf's entrails (M`L.):
• creadhonadh a twitching, piercing pain (Heb.); possibly for cneadh-ghonadh, "wound-piercing".
• creag a rock, so Irish; a curtailed form of carraig. Also (Dialectically) craig. Hence English crag.
• creamh garlic, Irish creamh, earlier crem, Welsh craf; Greek @GkrСѓmuon, onion; Anglo-Saxon hramse, English ramsons; Lithuanian kermСЉsze@?, wild garlic.
• crean, crion quake, tear up (Carm.):
• creanair sedition ( Arms.; not H.S.D.), so Irish ( O'R.):
• creanas whetting or hacking of sticks (M`F.; H.S.D. considers it Dialectic), neat-handed (M`L.):
• creapall entanglin, hindering, so Irish; it is an Irish word evidently, from Lh.; founded on English cripple.
• creapall a garter, crepailld (Skye); (Arms. creapull):
• creathach (faded) underwood, firewood, Irish creathach, hurdle, brushwood, faggots (O'R.): *kr@.to-; cf. crРјon.
• creathall
• cradle, from Northern Middle English credil, Scottish creddle, English cradle, Anglo-Saxon cradol. Further derivation at present uncertain (Murray).
• creathall a lamprey:
• creatrach a wilderness, so Irish ( Lh., etc.); M`A. gives the word, but it is clearly Irish Cf. creathach.
• creic sell, Middle Irish creicc, sale, Early Irish creic, buying, Old Irish crenim, I buy, Welsh prynn, buy; Sanskrit krГ®nami (do.). There seems a confusion in Gaelic and Early Irish with the word reic, sell, q.v.
• creid believe, Irish creidim, Old Irish cretim, Welsh credu, Cornish cresy, Breton cridiff, *kreddiГґ, Old Irish cretim, Welsh credu, Cornish cresy, Breton cridiff, *kreddiГґ; Latin cred; Sanskrit Г§rad-dadhГўmi. From cred-dГґ, "I give heart to".
• creigeir a grapple (M`D.); from some derivative of Norse krГ¦kja, to hook, krГ¦kill, a crooked stick, English crook?
• creim, creidhm gnaw, chew, nibble, Irish creimim, creidhmim, Middle Irish crР№im. Irish is also creinim, Welsh cnithio, cnoi (which also means "gnaw"): from knet, knen, kno@-, ken, bite, scratch, as in cnР°mh, q.v. The n of kn early becomes r because of the m or n after the first vowel.
• crein suffer for (Welsh H.. Allied to the Old Irish crenim, buy: "You will buy for it!" See under creic.
• crР№is grease; from Scottish creische, from Old French craisse, cress, from Latin crass, crassus, thick. English grease is of like origin.
• creithleag a gadful, so Irish (Fol.), Middle Irish crebar, Welsh crГ«yr, root creb, scratch? Cf. Lettic kribinР±t, gnaw off. Irish creabhar, horse-fly.
• creС‚th wound, hurt (Dialectic), Irish creo, a wound (O'R.); creonadh, being pained: *krevo- as in crС‚, blood.
• creubh, creubhag
• crР№, the body; cf. Middle Irish crРЅ, *kreivio-, flesh, body; Gothic hraiva-, Norse hrae, body, Old High German hreГґ, corpse. It is possible to refer crРЅ, crР№ to *krepi-, Latin corpus, Old High German href, Anglo-Saxon hrif, body, English mod-riff. Stokes: crРЅ, kr@.pes.
• creubh dun, crave; from the English crave.
• creubhaidh tender in health; seemingly from creubh.
• creuchd wound, Irish crР№achd, Old Irish crР№cht, Welsh craith, scar, creithen, Middle Breton creizenn (do.), *crempto-; root kerp, ker, Lithuanian kerpС‰, cut, Sanskrit kr@.pana, sword (Strachan). Stokes gives the Celtic as krekto-s, and Bez. cfs. Norse hrekja, worry. This neglects the Р№ of Gadelic.
• creud what, Irish creud, crР№ad, Early Irish crР№t; for ce rР№t. See co and rud.
• creud
• creed, Irish crР№idh, Middle Irish credo, Welsh credo; from Latin credo, I believe; the first word of the Apostles' Creed in Latin
• creutair
• creature, Irish crР№atСЉr, Welsh creadwr; from Latin creatura.
• criadh
• clay, so Irish Really the oblique form of crР№, q.v.
• criathar a sieve, Irish, Old Irish criathar, Old Welsh cruitr, Cornish croider, Middle Breton croezr, *kreitro-; Anglo-Saxon hridder, hriddel, English riddle, German reiter; further Latin crГ®brum (*kri- @Gq??ro-n); root kri, krei, separate, whence Greek @GkrРЅnw, English critic, etc.
• criachadh proposing to oneself; from crРјoch, end. Cf. English de fine, from finis and end, used for "purpose".
• cridhe heart, Irish croidhe, Old Irish cride, Welsh craidd, Breton kreis, middle, *krdjo-n; Greek @GkradРЅa, @GkardРЅa; Latin cor, cordis; English heart, German herz; Lithuanian szirdis.
• crРјlein a small creel ( M`E.), a box, small coffer ( H.S.D.), crilein ( Arms., M`L.), a box, Irish crilРЅn, Early Irish criol, coffer, *krГЄpolo. criol (Arran, Perth). Stokes gives the stem as krГЄpo-, and Bez. adds Sanskrit Г§u@-/rpa, winnowing basket (Cf. for phonetics lРјon, and Sanskrit pГ»rna, full). Scottish, English creel, which appears about 1400, is usually derived hence; but as the Gaelic form itself is doubtful, and, from all appearance, taken from Lh., it is best to look elsewhere for an etymology for creel, as, through French, from Latin craticula. The Gaelic criol exists only in Sh., who found it in Lh. See croidhleag.
• crРјoch end, Irish crРЅoch, Old Irish crРЅch, *krГ®ka,from the root krei, separate, as in criathar, q.v. Stokes and Bezzenberger join Welsh crip, a comb, and compare Lithuanian kreikti, strew, and, for sense, appeal to the German, English strand, "the strewed", Old Slavonic strana, side. It has also been referred to the root of Latin circus, circle, Greek @GkrРЅkos.
• criom nibbling, criomag, a bit; See creim.
• crРјon little, withered, Irish crРЅon, Early Irish crРЅn, Welsh crin, fragile, dry, Breton krin, *kre@-no-s; the root kre@- appears to belong to root ke@-r, kera, destroy, Sanskrit Г§r@.n@.a@-/mi, break, rend, Latin caries, decay, Greek @Ga@'kc/ratos, pure, untouched, Gothic hairus, sword. Stokes allies it to Sanskrit Г§rГўn@.a, cooked, Г§rГў, cook, possibly a form of the root kera, mix, Greek @GkР№ramai, mix.
• crioncanachd a strife, quarrelsomeness, Irish crРЅoncР±nachd: an Irish word from Lh., apparently. Perhaps crРЅon-cР±n, "small reviling".
• crionna attentive to small things, prudent, so Irish (crРЅonna, Con.); also dialectic crРјonda, which shows its connection with crРјon. Cf. Welsh crintach, sordid.
• criopag a wrinkle, Irish criopСѓg; founded on English crimp, crumple. M`A. has criopag, a clew of yarn.
• crios a belt, girdle, so Irish, Old Irish criss, fo-chridigedar, accingat, Welsh crys, shirt, Early Welsh crys, belt, Middle Breton crisaff, succingere, Breton kreis, middle. Bez. suggests comparison with Lithuanian skrituly/s, circle, knee-cap, skreiste@?, mantle. It has been referred also to the root krid of cridhe, heart. CrРјosdaidh a Christian, Irish Criosduighe, Middle Irish cristaige; from the Gaelic CrРјosd, Irish CrРЅosda, Christ; from Latin Christus, Greek @GHriostСѓs, the Anointed One.
• criostal a crystal, so Ir; from the English
• criot an earthen vessel (Dialect, H.S.D.), Irish criotamhail, earthen, made of clay ( O'Br.), criot, an earthen vessel ( O'R.):
• criotaich
• caress; See cniadaich.
• criplich a cripple; from the English cripple.
• crith shake, quiver, Irish, Early Irish crith, Welsh cryd, Old Welsh crit, *kritu-; Anglo-Saxon hriГ°a, fever, German ritten, fever. See crath, to which crith has been suggested as cognate (root kr@.t, krot, kret.
• critheann, critheach the aspen tree, Irish crann-critheach; from crith.
• crС‚ a sheep cot, pen, Irish crСѓ, Middle Irish crСѓ caerach, ovile, crС‚ na muice, pig-stye, Welsh craw, hovel, pig-stye, Breton kraou, crou, stable, *krГўpo-s, a stye, roof; Anglo-Saxon hrСѓf, English roof, Norse hrСѓf, a shed (Stokes). The Norse krСѓ, small pen, Scottish croo, seem borrowed.
• crС‚.1 the eye of a needle, Irish, Early Irish crСѓ, Welsh crau, Middle Breton crГ¤o, Breton kraouenn. ++crС‚ blood, Early Irish crСѓ, crСЉ, Welsh crau, Cornish crow, *krovo-s; Latin cruor, gore; Lithuanian kraСЉjas, blood; Sanskrit kravis, raw flesh; Greek @GkrР№as, flesh; English raw. ++crС‚.1 death, Irish, Early Irish crСѓ. From the same origin as crС‚, blood. This is the Scottish cro, the weregild of the various individuals in the Scoto-Celtic Kingdom, from the king downwards.
• crС‚c beat, pound (Dialectic, H.S.D.):
• crС‚c a branch of a deer's horn; cf. Norse krСѓkr, English crook.
• crС‚can a crook; from the Norse krСѓkr, English crook.
• croch hang, Irish crochaim, croch, a cross, gallows, Early Irish croch, cross, Welsh crog; from the Latin crux, crucis.
• crС‚ch saffron, Irish crСѓch; from Latin crocus, from Greek @GkrСѓkos, crocus, and its product saffron.
• crodh
• cattle, Irish crodh, a dowry, cattle, Middle Irish crod, wealth (cattle): *krodo-, Indo-European qordh, qerdh; English herd, German herde; Lithuanian kerdz@?us, herd (man), Church Slavonic creda, a herd; Sanskrit Г§ardhas, a troop.
• crС‚dha valiant, Irish crСѓdha, Early Irish crСѓda, valiant, cruel, *croudavo-s, "hardy"; root croud of cruaidh, q.v.
• crodhan hoof, parted hoof, Irish crobhР±n, a little hoof or paw, See crubh.
• crog an earthen vessel, crogan, a pitcher, Irish crogР±n, pitcher, Early Irish crocann, olla, Welsh crochan, *krokko-; Greek @GkrwssСѓs, pitcher ( @G*krwkjos); to which are allied, by borrowing somehow, English crock, Anglo-Saxon crocca, Norse krukka, German krug. Gaelic and Welsh phonetics (Gaelic g = Welsh ch.) are unsatisfactory. Schrader derives these words from Old Irish crocenn, skin - a "skin" vessel being the original.
• crog an aged ewe; from the Scottish crock; cf. Norw. krake, a sickly beast, Fries. krakke, broken-down horse, etc.
• crС‚g large hand, hand in paw form, *crobhag, Irish crobh, hand from wrist to fingers, paw, hoof, Old Irish crob, hand. See crubh.
• crogaid a beast with small horns (M`A.); from crog?
• crogan a gnarled tree (Arg.); cf. crС‚can.
• crС‚gan thornbush (Arg.), from crС‚g, Welsh crafanc, claw.
• crС‚ic foam on spirits, rage, difficulty, cast sea-weed:
• croich gallows, Irish croch, gallows, cross, Early Irish croch, cross, Welsh crogbren, gallows; from Latin crux, crucis.
• crС‚id a sumptuous present (Heb.); See cnС‚id.
• crС‚idh pen cattle, house corn; from crС‚. Dialectic for latter meaning is crСѓdhadh.
• croidhleag a basket, amall creel; See crРјlein.
• crС‚ilean a little fold, a group; from crС‚.
• crois a cross, so Irish, Early Irish cross, Welsh croes; from Latin crux.
• croistara, cranntara also -tР°ra, -tarra, the fiery cross: crois+tara; See crois above. As to tara, cf. the Norse tara, war (Cam.).
• croit a hump, hillock, Irish croit, Welsh crwth, a hunch, harp, croth, a protuberant part (as calf of leg), *crotti-; from krot, kurt, root kur, round, as in cruinn, cruit, q.v.
• croit a croft; from the English croft. In the sense of "vulva", cf. Welsh croth, Breton courz, which Stokes refers to cruit, harp; but the Gaelic may be simply a metaphorical use of croit, croft.
• crС‚lot wound dangerously; crС‚+ lot, q.v.
• crС‚m bent, Irish Early Irish crom, Old Irish cromm, Welsh crwm, Breton krom, Old Breton crum, krumbo-; from the same root as cruinn? The Anglo-Saxon crumb, crooked, English crumple, German krumm, have been compared, and borrowing alleged, some holding that the Teutons borrowed from the Celts, and vice versa. Dr Stokes holds that the Celts are the borrowers. The Teutonic and Celtic words do not seem to be connected at all in reality. It is an accidental coincidence, which is bound to happen sometimes, and the wonder is it does not happen oftener.
• cromadh measure the length of the middle finger, Irish cruma, cromadh; from crom.
• croman kite, hawk, from crom.
• cron fault, harm, Irish cronaim, I bewitch; cf. Middle Irish cron, rebuking. The idea is that of being "fore-spoken" by witchcraft. See cronaich.
• cronaich rebuke, Irish cronuighim, Middle Irish cronaigim, cron, rebuking, Early Irish air-chron (do.), *kruno-; cf. Teutonic hru, noise, Norse rСѓmr, shouting, Anglo-Saxon hrР№am, a din.
• crС‚nan a dirge, croon, purring, Irish, Early Irish cronР±n. O'Curry (Mann. and Cust. III., 246) writes the Irish as crСѓnР±n, and defines it as the low murmuring or chorus to each verse of the aidbsi or choral singing. Scottish croon, croyn (15th century), corresponds to Dutch kreunen, groan, Middle Dutch krГ¶non, lament, Middle Low German kronen, growl, Old High German chrГґnan, Middle Low German kroenen, chatter (Murray, who thinks the Scottish came from Low German in Middle English period). It seems clear that the Gadelic and Teutonic are related to each other by borrowing; seemingly the Gadelic is borrowed.
• cropan deformed person (Suth.); from Norse kroppinn, deformed. See under crС‰b.
• crosach
• crossing, thwarting, Irish crosanta; also Gaelic crosan (and crostan), a peevish man; all from cros, the basis of crois, cross, q.v.
• crosanachd from crosan, poet, chorister.
• crosda perverse, irascible, so Irish; from the Gaelic base cros of crois, cross.
• crotal lichen, especially for dyeing, cudbear: *crottal; *crot-to-, from krot, cf. Greek @Gkrotw/nc, an excrescence on a tree. Hence Scottish crottle. Middle Irish crotal means "husk" (which may be Gaelic crotal above), "kernel, cymbal". In the last two senses the word is from the Latin crotalum, a rattle; the Irish used a small pear-shaped bell or rattle, whence the Irish English crotal (Murray).
• cruach a pile, heap, Irish, Early Irish cruach, Welsh crug, Cornish cruc, Old Breton cruc, *kroukГў; Lithuanian krР±uti, to pile, krСЉvi, heap; Norse krСЉga, heap. Others have compared the Norse hraukr, a small stack, Anglo-Saxon hreР±c, English rick.
• cruachan, cruachainn hip, upper part of the hip, Early Irish cruachait; from cruach, heap, hump. Stokes translates the Irish as "chine", and considers it like the corresponding German kreuz, derived from Latin crГ»cem, cross. The Gaelic meaning is distinctly against this.
• cruaidh hard, Irish cruaidh, Old Irish cruaid, *kroudi-s; root kreva, to be blood, raw, whence crС‚, blood, q.v.; Latin crГ»dus, English crude. Hence cruailinn, hard, rocky.
• crС‰b squat, crouch, Irish crСЉbadh, to bend, crook; also Gaelic crС‰bach, cripple, Irish do. ; from Norse krjСЉpa, to creep, kneel (English creep, etc.), kroppinn, crippled, root kreup, krup, as in English cripple, Scottish cruppen thegether, contracted, bowed. Cf. Welsh crwb, bent.
• crС‰b bed recess (Carm.):
• crС‰ban the crab-fish, Irish crСЉban, Welsh crwban. From crС‰b above.
• crubh a horse's hoof, Irish crobh, paw, hoof, Early Irish crС‰, *kruvo-, hoof; Zend Г§rva, Г§ruva, nail, horn; further Greek @GkР№ras, horn, and cС‚rn, q.v. (Stokes).
• crudha horse shoe, Irish crСЉdh: seemingly from crubh.
• crС‰idein the king-fisher, Irish cruidРЅn:
• cruidhean paw (Arms.) = crС‰ibhean.
• cruimh a worm, Irish cnuimh, Old Irish cruinn, Welsh, Cornish pryf, Breton prenv, *qr@.mi-; Lithuanian ki??rmis, Lettic sР№rms; Sanskrit kr@.mis, krРЅmis.
• cruinn round, so Irish, Old Irish cruind, Welsh crwn, Breton krenn, *krundi-s; root kuro-, circle, turn, as in car, q.v. Cf. Latin curvus; Greek @GkurtСѓs, bunt, @Gkorw/nc, ring, Latin corona, English crown. Bezzenberger cfs. the form crundi- from kur to Latin rotundus from rota.
• crС‰isgein a lamp, jug, Irish crСЉisgРЅn; from Middle English cruskyn, from Old French creusequin, from Teutonic krГ»s, whence English cruse.
• crС‰isle, crС‰idse mausoleum, hollow vault of a church; from Middle English cruddes, vault, crypt, crowd, by-form of English crypt.
• cruit a harp, so Irish, Old Irish crot, Welsh crwth, fidicula, Late Latin (600 A.D.) chrotta, *krotta: krot-ta-, from krot, kurt, root kur, as in Gaelic cruinn, round, q.v., Greek @GkurtСѓs (do.): "the curved instrument". Stokes refers it to the root krot, strike, as in Greek @GkrotР№w, rattle, clap. Hence English crowd.
• cruithneachd, cruineachd wheat, Irish cruithneachd, Old Irish cruithnecht: *kr@.t-on-, root kert, ker, cut, "that which is cut"; Lithuanian kertС‰, cut; Greek @GkeРЅrw, Latin curtus, etc. (Rhys). It has been compared to the Latin Ceres, English cereal, and Latin cresco, creo, as in cruth.
• crС‰laist a rocky hill (H.S.D., from MSS.); from cruaidh? Cf. cruailinn.
• crumag the plant skirret; Scottish crummock. From Gaelic crom (Cameron).
• cruman the hip bone, Irish crumР±n, hip bone, crooked surgical instrument; from crom.
• crС‰n
• crown, Irish crСЉn; from Middle English crune, from Old French coronne, from Latin corona.
• crunnluadh a quick measure in pipe music: cruinn+ luath.
• crup
• crouch, contract, Irish crupaim; founded on the Middle English cruppel, cripple, a root crup, appearing in Scottish cruppen, contracted. See crС‰bach.
• crС‰sbal
• crucible (Hend.).
• cruscladh wrinkling:
• cruth form, figure, Old Irish cruth, Welsh pryd, *qr@.tu-s, root qer, make; Latin cerus, creator, creo, English create; Lithuanian kuriС‰, build; Sanskrit kar, make, kr@.tas, made.
• cruthach placenta of mare:
• cС‰ a dog, Irish, Old Irish cСЉ, g. con, Welsh ci, pl. cwn, Cornish, Breton ki, pl. Breton koun, *kuГґ, g. *kunos; Greek @GkСЉwn; Latin canis; English hound; Sanskrit Г§vГў, g. çъnas.
• cuach a cup, bowl, Irish cuachСѓg, Old Irish cСЉach: Latin caucus, Greek @Gkau@nka; Sanskrit koГ§a. It is generally held that cuach is borrowed from the Latin, though phonetically they may be cognate. Thw Welsh cawg is certainly borrowed.
• cuach
• curl, so Irish; from the above.
• cuag an awkward curve, kink, an excrescence on the heel; also guag (Dialectic): *kouggГў, *kouk-gГў; root qeuq, bend; Sanskrit kuc, bend. Lithuanian kuku, hook?
• cu'ag, cubhag
• cuckoo, Irish cuach, Old Irish cСЉach, Welsh cГґg, of onomatopoetic origin - from the cuckoo's cry of kuku, whence English cuckoo, Latin cucГ»lus, Greek @GkСѓkkux, Sanskrit kГґkilas, koka.
• cuailean the hair, a lock, curl, Irish cuailen (Stokes). This Stokes refers to a stem *koglenno-, and cfs. Greek @GkСѓhlos, a spiral-shelled shell-fish, @GkohlРЅas, spiral-shelled snail, Latin cochlea. As the Greek may be for hСѓhlos, the derivation is uncertain. Irish cuailРЅn, a bundle, faggot, suggests that a similar derivation from cual was used metaphorically for a "bundle or cord of hair".
• cuaille a club, bludgeon, Irish, Early Irish cuaille, *kaullio-; Greek @GkaulСѓs, stalk; Latin caulis, stalk; Lithuanian kР±ulas, a bone (Stokes). It may, however, be for *coud-s-lio-, from qoud, Latin cГ»do, strike.
• cuairsg roll, wreathe, so Irish; from cuairt, with the termination -sqГґ.
• cuairt
• circuit, so Irish, Old Irish cСЉairt. Stokes gives the stem as kukr@.ti, from kur, circle, as in cruinn.
• cual a faggot, burden of sticks, Irish cual, Middle Irish cual, heap, *kuglo-, root kug, qeu@g; English heap; Latin cumulus (=cub-lus?); Lithuanian kСЉgis, heap.
• cuallach herding or tending cattle:
• cuallach society, family, Irish cuallaidheachd, society, cuallaidhe, a companion:
• cuan the ocean, Irish, Middle Irish cuan, harbour, copno-; Norse kГ¶fn, German hafen, English haven.
• cuanal, cuantal a company, a band of singers, flocks (Carm.), Early Irish cСЉan, host, *koupn-, Lithuanian kupa, heap, English heap(?).
• cuanna, cuannar handsome, fine, Irish cuanna; also cuanta, robust, neat: *kaun-navos, from kaun, skaun; German schГ¶n. ++cuar
• crooked, Irish cuar, Early Irish cСЉar, *kukro-, root kuc, bend; Sanskrit kucati, bend, Lithuanian kuku@?, hook (Strachan). But cf. cuairt.
• cuaradh paining, tormenting; cf. Welsh cur, pain, care, curio, beat. The Dictionaries refer the word to ciС‰rr, as a Dialectic form.
• cuaran a brogue, sock, Irish cuarСѓg, Middle Irish cСЉarР±n, Welsh curan, a covering for the foot and leg *kourano-, "mocassin": *keu-ro-; root keu, ku, as in Latin cu-tis, skin, English hide, Anglo-Saxon hy/d (*kГ»tРЅ-).
• cuartach a fever (Arg.); from cuairt.
• cuartag ringworm (Hend.):
• cuas a cave; See cС‚s.
• ciat sweetheart (Carm.):
• cС‰b a tumbril, box-cart; from Scottish coop, coup, box-cart, etc., probably the same as English coop, basket. Dialectic coba.
• cС‰baid pulipt; ultimately from Latin pulpitum, a speaking platform, whence English pulpit, Scottish poopit. Dialectic bС‰baid.
• cС‰bair a cooper; from the English
• cubhag
• cuckoo; See cu'ag.
• cubhaidh fit, so Irish, Old Irish cobaid, fit, cubaithiu, concinnior: *convedo-, "suiting"; root ved, bind, as in feadhainn.
• cС‰bhraidh fragrant, Irish cumhra, cСЉmhra, Middle Irish cumra, cumrae, Early Irish cumrai (i n-aballgort chumrai); *com-rae:
• cubhraig, cubhrainn a coverlet; founded on the English cover, coverlet. Dialectic cuibhlig.
• cuchailte a residence (Arms.; not H.S.D.), Irish, cuclaidhe; *concladh-; from cladh, q.v.
• cudaig the fish cuddy, young of the coalfish, Irish cudСѓg, cСѓdog, haddock, *cod-do-; English haddock? Scottish cuddy, cudden, may be of Gaelic origin (Murray). A.so cudainn.
• cС‰dainn a large bushel or tub; cf. Norse kСЉtr, cask, Scottish coodie, quiddie, small tub. Middle Irish cuidin, coithin, catГ®nus, is probably from a Celt. kotГ®no-, Greek @GkotСЉlc, cup, Latin catГ®nus, a dep vessel.
• cudrom, cudthrom weight: *con-trom-, "co-heavy"; Old Irish cutrumme, similis. See trom. Dialectic cuideam.
• cugann delicacy, "kitchen", Early Irish cuicen; from Latin coquina.
• cugan food (Carm.):
• cugar mab, or wild cat (Carm.):
• cugullach precarious, unstable (Carm.):
• cuibheas sufficiency:
• cuibheasach tolerable, middling, Irish cuibheasach, decent, pretty good, fairly good (in health), cuibheas, decency, cuibhe, decent. See cubhaidh for stem. The Irish cuibhe shows that it is possible to derive the word from *con-vesu-, root vesu of feabhas.
• cuibhle, cuibhill a wheel; from English wheel.
• cuРјbhne deer's horn ( Arms., M`L.), deer's tibia ( H.S.D.):
• cuibhreach a bond, chain, so Irish, Old Ir cuimrech, vb. conriug, ligo, Welsh rhwym, vinculum, Breton rum, kevre, *kom-rigo-n; rigo-, a bond; Latin corrigia, shoe-lace; Middle High German ric, band, string. Stokes (rightly) now gives root is rek, bind, Sanskrit raГ§ana, cord, rope, raГ§mi (do.).
• cuibhrig
• cover, coverlet; See cubhraig.
• cuibhrionn portion, so Irish, Early Irish cuibrend, Welsh cyfran: *com-rann; See rann.
• cuicheineach
• coquetting, secretly hobnobbing (Arg.): co-ceann.
• cuid share, part, Irish cuid, g. coda, Old Irish cuit, Welsh peth, res, pars, Cornish peth, Breton pez, *qezdi-, *qozdi-; qes, qos, seemingly from the pron. root qo, qe (see co). Cf. Latin quotidie, quota, Breton ped, how much. Bezzenberger compares Lithuanian kede@?ti, burst, Slavonic ce@?sti, part; root qed. Hence English piece. Some have suggested comparison with Latin costa, rib, English coast.
• cuideachd
• company, Irish cuideachda, Old Irish cotecht, coitio, conventus: *con-techt; See teachd.
• cuideag a spider ( H.S.D.), Irish cuideog ( O'R.):
• cuideal pride ( Arms.), cuidealas ( M`A.); from cuid?
• cuideam weight; See cudrom.
• cuidh, cuith inclosure (Barra); from Norse kuР№, Orkney quoy, a pen, Orkney and Shetland quey, quay, enclosed land.
• cuidhe wreath of snow; See cuith.
• cuidhtich quit, requite, Irish cСЉitighim; from English quit?
• cuidich assist, Irish cuidighim, Middle Irish cuitigim, share; from cuid.
• cuidridh
• common ( Sh.; not H.S.D.), Irish cuidri(dh), entertainment, commons: *con-trebi-, as in caidreabh?
• cuifein the wadding of a gun; from Scottish colfin.
• cuigeal a distaff, so Irish, Middle Irish cuigel, Welsh cogail, Cornish cigel, Breton kegel; from Middle Latin conucula, for colucula, from colus. From Latin conucula comes German kunkel, French quenouille.
• cС‰il
• corner, recess, Irish cСЉil, Old Irish cuil, Welsh cil, *kГ»li-. See cС‰l
• cuilbheart a wile, trick; from cС‰il+ beart.
• cuilbheir a gun; from the English culverin.
• cuilc reed, cane, Irish cuilc, *kolki-; root kol, as in Latin culmus, stalk, Greek @GkР±lamos, reed, English haulm.
• cuile an apartment where stores are kept, Old Irish cuile fРЅnda, vinaria, *koliГў; Greek @GkalРЅa, hut, Sanskrit kula@-/ya, hut, nest (Stokes); from *kol-io-, root qel of ceil.
• cuileag a fly, Irish and Early Irish cuil, Welsh cylion, flies, Cornish kelionen, Breton quelyenen, *kuli-s, kuliГўno-s; Latin culex.
• cС‰ileagan feast (in a corner) (Carm.).
• cuilean a whelp, Irish cuileР±n (O'Br.), cuileann (O'R.), Early Irish culР№n, Welsh colwyn, Cornish coloin, catulus, Breton kolenn, young of quadrupeds; Greek @GkСЉlla= @GskСЉlaz, whelp (Bez.). It may be from cС‰, *kun, dog. Ernault, *culenos: root of @GkСЉos; Middle Breton colen, so D'Arbois. Rhys says Welsh borrowed.
• cuilidh
• cellar, secret place, treasury; See cuile.
• cuilionn holly, so Irish, Early Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn, Cornish celin, Breton kelenn (pl.), *kolenno-; English holly, Anglo-Saxon holegn
• cuilm a feast; Dialectic for cuirm, q.v.
• cuimein the plant cumin, Irish cumРЅn; from Latin cuminum, English cumin.
• cuimhne rememberance, so Irish, Old Irish cuman, cuimnech, memor, Welsh cof, Cornish cov, Middle Breton couff, *co-men; root men, as in Latin memini, I remember, English mention, mind, etc.
• cuimir brief, handsome, so Irish, Early Irish cumbair, *com-berro-; for berr, see beР°rr.
• cuimrig trouble; See coimrig.
• cuimse a mark, aim, moderation, Irish cuimse; from com-+ meas; See meas. Cf. eirmis.
• cuin when, Early Irish cuin, Welsh, Breton pan; Latin quum; English when; See co. The Irish can ( O'Cl.) is allied to Latin quando, and more nearly than cuin to Welsh, Breton pan.
• cuing a yoke, Irish, Early Irish cuing: *con-jungi-, root jung, jug, as in Latin jungo, English joke. For phonetics, See cuinge Stokes since gives the stem as ko-jungi-.
• cuinge narrowness, Old Irish cumce; See cumhang.
• cС‰inn
• coin; from the English
• cuinneag a pail, milk pail, Irish cuinneСѓg, Middle Irish cuindeog, Welsh cunnog, cynnog; cf. Latin congius, a quart.
• cuinnean a nostril:
• cuinnlein a stalk of corn, a nostril; for the first meaning, See connlach; for the second, cuinnean above.
• cuinnse a quince; from the English
• cuinnsear a dagger, sword; from the English whinger.
• cuip a whip; from English whip.
• cuir put, Irish, Early Irish cuirim, Old Irish cuiriur, Welsh hebgor, put aside, *koriГґ, I put. The root is likely ker, kor, of cruth, q.v. For meaning cf. Latin facio and Greek @GtРЅqcmi. Bezzenberger compares it to Sanskrit kalР±yati, drive, bear, do, Lithuanian karta, position, lie.
• cuircinn a particular kind of head-dress for women, Irish cuircРЅn, head, crest, comb (O'R.); from currachd? Scottish courche, curges (pl.), a covering for a woman's head, English kerchief. Early Irish cuirce, bow, knot; which makes the Scottish and English comparison doubtful.
• cuireadh an invitation, so Irish; from cuir, q.v.
• cuireall a kind of pack-saddle (H.S.D. from MSS.):
• cuireid, cuirein turn, wile; from car, q.v.
• cuirinnein the white water-lily ( H.S.D., which quotes only O'R.), Irish cuirinРЅn (O'R.):
• cuirm a feast, so Irish, Early Irish coirm, cuirm, Middle Welsh cwrwf, Welsh cwrw, beer, Cornish coref, Gaulish @Gkou@nrmi, cervisia *kurmen; Latin cremor, broth (English cream; Greek @GkerР±nnumi, mix; Sanskrit Г§rГў, Г§r@., cook; Indo-European kera, kra, mix.
• cuirnean a small heap of stones, dew-drop, ringlet, Irish cuirneР±n, head of a pin, brooch, ringlet. In the first sense, it is from cР±rn, and possibly also in the other two senses, the idea being "cluster, heap".
• cuirpidh wicked, corrupt; See coirbte, coirb.
• cС‰irt
• court, Irish cСЉirt; from the English
• cС‰irtein a curtain, cС‰irteir, plaiding (Dialectic); formed on English curtain.
• cС‰is
• cause, matter, Irish, Early Irish cСЉis, Old Irish cСѓis; from Latin causa.
• cuisdeag the little finger (Sh., H.S.D.), Irish cuisdeog (O'R.):
• cuiseag a stalk, kind of grass, Irish coisРЅn, a stem, stalk, little foot; from cas, foot. But See cuisle. di fetchoisig, "by piping".
• cuisle pulse, vein, pipe, Irish cuisle, Early Irish cuisli, g.pl. cuislend, a pipe for music, Old Irish cusle, g. cuslen, cuislennach, a piper. It has no connection with Latin pulsus, and its etymology is obscure (Stokes). Cf. English hose.
• cuiste a couch, Irish cСЉiste, cuiste (O'Br.); from English couch.
• cuith a wreath of snow, a pit, Irish, Early Irish cuithe, a pit, Welsh pydew; from Latin puteus, English pit.
• cuithe pen for sheep (Carm.); See cuidh.
• cС‰itich quit, requite; See cuidhtich.
• cС‰l back, Irish, Old Irish cСЉl, Welsh cil, Cornish chil, Breton kil, *kГ»lo; Latin cГ»lus. Hence cС‰laist, recess.
• culadh a good condition of the body, culach, fat, sleek: "well-covered", from cul of culaidh?
• culaidh apparel, so Irish; root qel, qol, cover; German hГјlle, a covering, Latin occulo. See ceil.
• culaidh boat (Suth.):
• cС‰lag turf for the back of the fire, sitting behind another on horseback, a collop; all from cС‰l.
• cС‰lan tresses, hair; from cС‰l.
• cС‰laobh behind, the back; Early Irish cСЉlaib (dat.pl.), cСЉlu (acc.pl.); from cС‰l. The dat. (and acc.) pl. of cС‰l used locatively - for rest (and motion). Compare beulaobh.
• cularan a cucumber, Irish cularР±n, Welsh cylor, earth nuts, Breton coloren, earth nut. Ernault makes the Celtic word to be *carul-an-, and compares Greek @GkР±rnon, nut.
• cullach a boar, Irish, Early Irish cullach, Old Irish callach, cullach, caullach, Breton kalloc'h, "entire", qellecq, epithet for stallions and boars, *kalluГўko-s, from *kalljo-, testicle, Welsh caill, testiculus, Middle Breton quell; root kal, hard, as in clach, q.v., Norse hella, flat stone, etc. (Bezzenberger). Cf. Latin cuelleus, bag, scrotum, whence Old French couillon, English cullion, testicles, Scottish culls. Hence cullbhoc, wether-goat, Irish culbhoc.
• cullachas impotence, cullach, eunuch; from coll, call; See call.
• culraoРјnidh goal-keeper (Suth.); from cС‰l and raon?
• culuran birth-wort, cucumber; See cularan.
• cum keep, hold, Irish congbhaighim, inf. congmhail, Old Irish congabin; from con- and gabh, take. The Gaelic cum is for congv or congbh, and the gv becomes m as in Рјm, ciomach, tum, etc.
• cuma, cumadh shape, form, Irish cuma, Early Irish cumma, vb. cummaim:
• cumail keeping, Irish cumail, congmhail; inf.to cum, i.e., cum-gabhail. cuman, a milking pail; Greek @GkСЉmbc, @GkСЉmbos, cup; German humpen, bowl.
• cumanta
• common, Irish cumann; from the English common.
• cumha mourning, so Irish, Early Irish cuma: Indo-European root qem, qom; English hum, German hummen.
• cumha a stipulation, Irish cumha, Early Irish coma, bribe, gift, condition: *com-ajo-, "co-saying", Old Irish Р±i, a saying, Latin ajo? See adhan. Cf. cunnradh.
• cumhachd power, so Irish, Old Irish cumachte, Welsh cyfoeth, power, riches, *kom-akto, root ag, drive, carry, Latin ago, Greek @Ga@'/gw, English act, etc. (Stokes). The Old Irish cumang, potestas, is doubtless a nasalised form of the root ag (=ang); it has been referred to the root ang, Latin angere, etc., as in cumhang below, but the meaning is unsatisfactory. The word cumhachd has also been analysed as co-mag-tu-, where mag has been bariously referred to Indo-European meg, great (Gaelic @GmР№gas, English much), or Indo-European me@-gh (English may, Latin machina, machine).
• cumhang narrow, Irish cСЉmhang, Old Irish cumang, Welsh cyfang, *kom-ango-s; root ang; Greek @Ga@'\gw, choke, @Ga@'/ghi, near; Latin ango, angustus; German eng.
• cС‰mhlaidean stipulations (Hend.):
• cС‰mhnant
• covenant; from Middle English, Scottish conand, couenant, English covenant, from Old French convenant, Latin convenire. Middle Breton has comanant, Welsh cyfammod. Dial. plurals are cС‰mhlaichean and cС‰mhlaidean.
• cumraich
• cumber; from the English
• cunbhalach
• constant, steady, Irish cungbhailteach, firm, miserly; from cungbhail, keeping, Irish inf. of cum, q.v.
• cungaidh instrument, accoutrements: *con-gen-, root gen of gnРјomh, deed. See cungaisich.
• cungaisich help, co-operate, Irish cunghas, co-operation, vb. cungnaighim, I help, cungantach, helpful, Early Irish cungnam, assistance: *con+gnРЅom; See cС‚mhnadh.
• cunnart danger, Middle Gaelic cunntabhart (M`V.), Irish cuntabhairt, contabhairt, danger, doubt, Old Irish cumtubart, cundubart, contubart, doubt, *con-to-bart, root ber, of beir, q.v. (Cam.).
• cunnradh, cС‰nradh bargain, covenant, Irish connradh, cunnradh, Old Irish cundrad, cunnrath, Manx coonrey: *con-rР±dh; See rР°dh, say. Corm. derives from rР±th, surety.
• cunnt
• count, Irish cunntas, cuntas, reckoning, cuntaim, I count; from the English
• cunnuil an objection ( Sh.), Irish cunuil ( Lh.):
• cС‰p box-cart, coup; See cС‰b.
• cupa a cup, Irish cСЉpР±n, Welsh cib; from Latin cГ»pa, tub, English cup, coop, etc.
• cupull a couple, Irish cСЉpla, cupall, Welsh cwpl; from Middle English couple.
• cur a placing, setting; inf. to cuir, q.v.
• curach a boat, coracle, Irish, Early Irish curach, Irish Latin curucis, dat.pl. (Adamnan), Welsh corwc, cwrwg, cwrwgl, *kuruko- (Stokes); Armen. kur, a boat, Old Slavonic korici, a kind of vessel. The Latin carina has been compared, but the vowels are unsuitable. Hence English coracle.
• cС‰radh affliction, obstacle, curabh (Lh.), obstacle. In the sense of affliction, cf. cuaradh.
• curaideach frisky, cunning; See cuireid.
• curaidh a champion, Irish curadh, Early Irish cur, g. curad, caur, Welsh cawr, Cornish caur, gigas, Gaulish @GKaСЉaros (Polyb.), Cavarillus, etc., *kauaro-s, a hero, mighty, root keva, kГ», be strong; Sanskrit Г§avГ®ra, mighty, Г§u@-/ra, hero; Greek @GkСЉrios, lord, @Gku@nros, might.
• cС‰raing, cС‰rainn a coverlet (Dialectic, H.S.D.); founded on English covering. M`A. has cС‰rainn, plaiding (felt); of the same origin.
• cС‰ram
• care, Irish cСЉram; from Latin cura.
• curcag sandpiper, Middle Irish cuirrcech, plover; from currech, a marsh (K. Meyer). See curcais.
• curcais bulrush, so Irish (O'Br., etc.), Early Irish curcas, Old Irish curchas, Old Welsh cors, cannulos, Welsh corsen, reed, Breton corsenn, reed, *korokasto-, korkasto; Latin cГўrex (Stokes, Ernault). The Early Irish currech, a marsh, is allied, *gr@.siko-, Gaulish *parriko-, Anglo-Saxon pearroc, Greek parc (St.), Latin cursus. Perhaps English hurst (St.).
• cС‰rr
• corner, pit, Irish curr, Keat. curr, pit, corr, well, cistern; cf. w. cwr, corner.
• curracag a bubble on the surface of liquids; See currachd.
• currachd hood, cap, night-cap, Irish currach (O'R.), Middle Irish curracach, cuculatus (Stokes, Irish Gl. 598, who suggested connection with Welsh pyrchwyn, crest of a helmet). Scottish curch, courchie, English kerchief, seem to be the origin of the Gaelic word.
• currachdag peat-heap (M`A.); cf. gurracag.
• curradh a crowding together (Macpherson's Ossian):
• curraidh exhausted ( H.S.D.), currtha ( Sh., O'Br.), Irish currtha; cf. ciС‰rr.
• curran, curral a carrot, root, radish, Irish currР±n, any kind of tap-rooted plant ( O'R., Sh.): *cors, head, as in corr? Cf. English carrot, ultimately from Greek @GkarwtСѓn, carrot, from @GkР±ra, head, top; *cors and kar of @GkР±ra are ultimately from the same source.
• curran, curral horse-panniers for heavy loads; cf. Scottish currack, corrack (do.), English crooks.
• currucadh
• cooing of pigeons, Irish currСЉcadh (O'R.), Scottish, English curr, curring. The word is onomatopoetic.
• currucag the lapwing: See curcag.
• currusan a milk-pail:
• cС‰rsa
• course, manner, Irish cСЉrsa, from the English course.
• curta bad ( Sh.; not H.S.D.), curtsa ( O'R.); from English curst, cursed.
• cus sufficiency, overplus:
• cusag a wild mustard ( Sh., Arms.; not H.S.D.):
• cusp a kibe:
• cuspair an object, mark, Irish cuspСѓir, Middle Irish cuspСѓir (Keat., Oss.@+3 296). Dialectic cuspair, a customer (see cuspunn).
• cuspunn
• custom, tribute, also cusmunn; founded on English custom.
• cut hank of yarn, Irish cuta, one-twelfth of a hank of yarn; from English cut.
• cut to gut (fish); from English gut.
• cutach bobtailed, so Irish, Early Irish do-chotta, they cut short, Welsh cwta. The relationship, if any, existing between cut, cutach, and English cut, is one of borrowing; the history of English cut is obscure, and the Celtic words mean "short, shorten", not "to cut" with a knife. Besides, the Early Irish appears a century and a half earler than the English (1139 v. 1275). Stokes has suggested a borrowing from French couteau (= cultellus, knife) for the Early Irish form. Rhys says Welsh is English cutty, borrowed.
• cuthach, caothach rage, Irish cuthach, *koti-aca-; root kot, Greek @GkСѓtos, wrath. See cath. Stokes says Pict. Sanskrit kvР±thati, seethe, Gothic hvapjan, foam.

© «lexicons.ru», 2012. Автор и владелец - Игорь Константинович Гаршин (см. резюме).
Дочерний веб-проект Сайта Игоря Гаршина
Присылайте, пожалуйста, письма ( ) с советами, отзывами, замечаниями и предложениями.