Типологии индотихоокеанских языков

Краткие фонетико-грамматические сведения по андаманско-папуасским языкам

Главная > Типология языков > Типы языков папуасов и андаманцев

Праязыки: А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | З | И | Й | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | У | Ф | Х | Ц | Ч | Э | Ю | Я


Домой:	Рус	Анг	Ита	Исп	Эсп

Здесь представлены краткие справки по фонетике и грамматике языков Индо-тихоокеанской макросемьи, взятые с проекта глобальной этимологической базы данных "Вавилонская башня" Сергея Старостина. Эти сведения будут затем размещаться в каждом праязыковом этимологическом словнике.

Всего здесь представлено X папуаско-андаманских языковых систем, распределённых по 4 семьям:

Типобзор языка кусунда (Kusunda)
Типобзор тасманийского языка (Tasmanian)
Типобзоры андаманских языков (Andamanese)
Типобзоры трансновогвинейских языков (Trans-New Guinea)

Странно, что здесь рассмотрены не все папуасские языки, а только трансновогвинейская макрофила.

Типобзор языка кусунда

~~Number:~~ 3593: Language: Kusunda; Location: W Nepal; Population: nearly extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kusunda Grammar: GD: Reinhard, Johan and Tim Toba. 1970. A Preliminary Linguistic Analysis and a Vocabulary of the Kusunda Language. Nepal.; Other Sources: Whitehouse, Paul, Timothy Usher, Merritt Ruhlen and William S-Y. Wang. 2004. "Kusunda: an Indo-Pacific Language in Nepal,'' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101: 5692--5695.; Consonant system: p ph t th k kh ʔ b b̤ d d̤ ɡ ɡ̤ ts dz s (š) h z m n (ñ) ŋ l ɾ Stops: p ph b b̤ t th d d̤ k kh ɡ ɡ̤ ʔ Affricates: ts dz Fricatives: s z (š) h Nasals: m n (ñ) ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u e (ǝ) o a Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C); Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST Comments: Kusunda was long misclassified as a Tibeto-Burman language. Whitehouse, Usher, Ruhlen and Wang (2004) have shown that it is rather Indo-Pacific.

Типобзор тасманийского языка

~~Number:~~ 3594: Language: Tasmanian; Location: Australia (Tasmania); Population: extinct 1876; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Tasmanian Dictionary: Plomley, N. J. B. 1976. A Word-List of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Languages. Hobart. Schmidt, Wilhelm. 1952. Die Tasmanischen Sprachen. Utrecht: Spectrum.; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1972. Languages of Australia and Tasmania. The Hague: Mouton. Dixon, R. M. W. 1979. "The Nature and Development of Australian Languages," ARA 8, 431-43. LOA; Consonant system: p t c k h ɣ m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p t c k Fricatives: ɣ h Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: cj ? Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u a Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C) Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4 2 3; Syntax: NA ND N-POSS

Типобзоры андаманских языков

~~Number:~~ 3595: Language: Aka-Cari; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Northern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3596: Language: Aka-Kora; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Northern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3597: Language: Aka-Bo; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Northern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3598: Language: Aka-Jeru; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Northern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3599: Language: Aka-Kede; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3600: Language: Aka-Kol; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3601: Language: Oko-Juwoi; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3602: Language: A-Pucikwar Alternate Name: Great Andamanese; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: 25; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central Dictionary: Man, E. H. 1919-23. Dictionary of the South Andaman Language.; Other Sources: Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1933. The Andaman Islanders. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press. Bloch, Jules. 1949. "Préfixes et suffixes en andaman," BSLP. Basu, Dwijendra Nath. 1955. "A General Note on the Andamanese Languages," IL 16, 214-25. AL 8:4; Consonant system: p t k b d ɡ č ɡ̌ m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u e o ɛ ɔ æ a Front Vowels: i e ɛ æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Noun; Number: s p; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3603: Language: Akar-Bale; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3604: Language: Aka-Bea; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: Great Andamanese: Central; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3605: Language: Onge; Location: Andaman Islands; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: South Andamanese; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3606: Language: Jarawa2; Location: Andaman Islands; Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: South Andamanese Grammar: GD: Senkuttuvan, R. 2000. The Language of the Jarawa. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India.; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system: p t ṭ k (q) (ʔ) b d ḍ ḍ̤ ɡ ts č f s v m n ṇ ñ ŋ l ḷ r ɾ̣ Stops: p b t d ṭ ḍ ḍ̤ k ɡ (q) (ʔ) Affricates: ts č Fricatives: f v s Nasals: m n ṇ ñ ŋ Laterals: l ḷ Vibrants: r ɾ̣ Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u e o a Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V(C); Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3607: Language: Sentinel; Location: Andaman Islands; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Andaman Islands: South Andamanese; Consonant system:

Типобзоры трансновогвинейских языков

~~Number:~~ 3608: Language: Oksapmin; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (N Western); Population: 6,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea; Other Sources: Lawrence, Marshall. 1972a. "Oksapmin Sentence Structure," PL A34, 17-46. Lawrence, Marshall. 1972b. Structure and Function of Oksapmin Verbs," OL 11, 47-66. Lawrence, Helen. 1972. "Viewpoint and Location in Oksapmin," AL 14, 311-6.; Consonant system: p t k b d ɡ s x m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s x Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ x ŋ Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u ʋ e ǝ o a Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u ʋ o Diphthongs: ai; Tones: hi lo; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN ND NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3609: Language: Morwap; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114.; Consonant system: p t k b ɡ f s m n ŋ l Stops: p b t k ɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w; Vowel system: i u e ǝ o ɛ ɔ a Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ all Stress: final; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3610: Language: Molof; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3611: Language: Usku; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3612: Language: Tofamna; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3613: Language: Dem; Location: C West Irian; Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3614: Language: Mor1; Location: C West Irian (N Bomberai Peninsula); Population: 60; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3615: Language: Kovai; Location: Umboi Island; Population: 3,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s z m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s z Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Demonstratives: 3; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3616: Language: Kate; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 6,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern Dictionary: Flierl, W. and H. Strauss, eds. 1977. Kate Dictionary. PL C41.; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS HPL WPF; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kp ŋmɡb ʔ ts dz f s h m n ŋ ľ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kp ŋmɡb ʔ Affricates: ts dz Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ ? Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5 [3 + that above, that below]: Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3617: Language: Mape; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 4,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb dz f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: dz Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3618: Language: Dedua; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 4,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb dz f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: dz Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3619: Language: Sene; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 10; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3620: Language: Momare; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 370; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3621: Language: Migabac; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3622: Language: Kube; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 5,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb f s z h m n ŋ l r Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Fricatives: f s z h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 3: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d 5=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3623: Language: Kosorong Alternate Name: Borong; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Eastern; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb dz (f) s m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: dz Fricatives: (f) s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3624: Language: Ono; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 4,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb s z m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Fricatives: s z Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5: [3 + that above, that below]: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3625: Language: Sialum; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 640; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3626: Language: Nomu; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 810; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3627: Language: Kinalakna; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3628: Language: Kumokio; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 550; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3629: Language: Selepet; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 6,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western Dictionary: McElhanon, K. A. and N. A. McElhanon. 1970a. Selepet-English Dictionary. PL C15. Grammar: McElhanon, K. A. 1972. Selepet Grammar. PL B21.; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1970b. Selepet Phonology. PL B14. McElhanon, K. A. 1970c. "Selepet Pronominal Elements," PL A26, 23-48.; Consonant system: ph mb t̪h n̪d̪ kh ŋɡ s h m n̪ ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph mb t̪h n̪d̪ kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n̪ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5: [3 + that above, that below] Articles: indef: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3630: Language: Timbe; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 11,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ s h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3631: Language: Komba; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 12,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kph ŋmɡb s z h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kph ŋmɡb Fricatives: s z h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3632: Language: Tobo; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 2,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb dz s h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: dz Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3633: Language: Yaknge; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 2,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb ts dz s h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: ts dz Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3634: Language: Burum Alternate Name: Mindik; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NE Morobe); Population: 4,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: HPL; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb ts dz s h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ kph ɡb Affricates: ts dz Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3635: Language: Mesem Alternate Name: Mese; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3636: Language: Nabak; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Huon: Western; Other Sources: Fabian, Edmund, Grace Fabian and Charles Peck. 1971. "The Morphophonemics of Nabak," Kivung 4, 147-60. McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb s z m n ŋ l Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb Fricatives: s z Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Syllable: (C)V(C); Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5: [3+that above, that below]: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3637: Language: Abaga; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Eastern Highlands); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3638: Language: Nuk; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3639: Language: Nek; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3640: Language: Nakama; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3641: Language: Munkip; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3642: Language: Numanggang; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3643: Language: Sauk; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 630; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3644: Language: Gusan; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3645: Language: Finungwa; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 470; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3646: Language: Nimi; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3647: Language: Urii; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 2,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Other Sources: Claassen, O. R. and K. A. McElhanon. 1970. "Languages of the Finisterre Range-New Guinea," PL A23, 45-75. Webb, Tom. 1974. "Urii Phonemes," in Phonologies of Four Papua New Guinea Languages," Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 45-96. PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ (ʔ) f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ (ʔ) Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ɐ Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: ī ā ū; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: non-phonemic (on first long vowel or ɛ, o; if none, then initial); Noun; Number: s p Demonstratives: 3; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3648: Language: Mamaa; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 210; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Erap; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3649: Language: Irumu; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Wantoat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3650: Language: Yagawak; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NW Morobe); Population: 560; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Wantoat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3651: Language: Bam; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NW Morobe); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Wantoat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3652: Language: Wantoat; Location: E Papua New Guinea (NW Morobe); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Wantoat; Other Sources: Davis, Donald. 1964. "Wantoat Verb Stem Classes and Affixation," in VSFNGL, 131-80. Davis, Donald R. 1969. "The Distinctive Features of Wantoat Phonemes," Linguistics 47, 5-17. Davis, Donald R. 1973. "Wantoat Paragraph Structure," Linguistics 110, 5-16.; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ s nz m n ŋ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s nz Nasals: m n ŋ Modified Consonants: cʷ kh ɡ ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ e æ a o only; Syllable: (C)V(C) Demonstratives: 5: [3 + that above, that below]; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d 5=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3653: Language: Ufim; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Morobe); Population: 520; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3654: Language: Nahu; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 5,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3655: Language: Rawa Dialect: Northern; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 6,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Other Sources: Claassen, O. R. and K. A. McElhanon. 1970. "Languages of the Finisterre Range-New Guinea," PL A23, 45-75. McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b mb th d nd kh ɡ ŋɡ s h m n ŋ ɾ Stops: ph b mb th d nd kh ɡ ŋɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5: [3 + that above, that below]: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 4d=4; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 3656: Language: Rawa Dialect: Southern; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 6,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Other Sources: Claassen, O. R. and K. A. McElhanon. 1970. "Languages of the Finisterre Range-New Guinea," PL A23, 45-75.; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ s h m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV ND N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3657: Language: Nekgini; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 430; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3658: Language: Neko; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 320; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3659: Language: Ngaing; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3660: Language: Gira; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 280; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Gusap-Mot; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3661: Language: Dahating Alternate Name: Gwahatike; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 920; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3662: Language: Bulgebi; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 50; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3663: Language: Guiarak; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3664: Language: Morafa; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 610; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3665: Language: Forak; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 160; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3666: Language: Degenan; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3667: Language: Yagomi; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 140; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3668: Language: Asat; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 660; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Warup; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3669: Language: Mebu; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 320; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3670: Language: Nankina; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3671: Language: Gabutamon; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3672: Language: Domung; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 630; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3673: Language: Bonkiman Dialect: (Yupna); Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Other Sources: PL A23, 64; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kph ŋmɡb ts dz s ɣ m n ŋ l r Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ kph ŋmɡb Affricates: ts dz Fricatives: s ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: non-phonemic; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3674: Language: Wandabong; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 530; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3675: Language: Nokopo; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3676: Language: Kewieng Alternate Name: Yopno, Yupna; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 940; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Other Sources: McElhanon, K. A. 1973. Towards a Typology of the Finisterre-Huon Languages, New Guinea. PL B22. PLNGLS E; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb (ts) s z h m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb Affricates: (ts) Fricatives: s z h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ all; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5: [3 + that above, that below]: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5=6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3677: Language: Isan; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Yupna; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3678: Language: Som; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 90; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3679: Language: Sakam; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 690; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3680: Language: Yau; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3681: Language: Komutu; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 610; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3682: Language: Weleki; Location: E Papua New Guinea (N Morobe); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3683: Language: Wiru; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Southern Highlands); Population: 16,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands; Other Sources: LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh m n ŋ l Stops: ph mb th nd kh Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d

~~Number:~~ 3684: Language: Kenati; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands); Population: 550; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3685: Language: Gants; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 1,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3686: Language: Kalam; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 13,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam; Other Sources: Biggs, Bruce. 1963. "A Non-Phonemic Central Vowel Type in Karam, a 'Pigmy' Language of the Schrader Mountains, Central New Guinea," AL 5:4, 13-7. E; Consonant system: mb t nd k ŋɡ č ñɡ̌ ɸ s m n ñ ŋ r Stops: mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: č ñɡ̌ Fricatives: ɸ s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all but ǝ Diphthongs: aj ej aw; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: phonemic, but mostly final; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3687: Language: Kobon; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Kalam; Other Sources: Dawson, Marcus and May Dawson. 1974. "Kobon Phrase," in Grammarical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 119-82.; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3688: Language: Owena; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3689: Language: Gadsup; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands); Population: 20,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup; Other Sources: Frantz, Chester I. 1962. "Grammatical Categories as Indicated by Gadsup Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 44-63. Frantz, Chester and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Gadsup Independent Verb Affixes," in VSFNGL, 84-99. Frantz, Chester I. and Marjorie E. Frantz. 1966. "Gadsup Phoneme and Toneme Units, PL A7, 1-11. Frantz, Chester I. 1976. "Gadsup Sentence Structure," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 73-191.; Consonant system: p t d k ʔ β m n Stops: p t d k ʔ Fricatives: β Nasals: m n Glides: j Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ē ā ō Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo ris fall; Noun
Number: s d t p d=2 t=3 or several; p=>2: Pronouns: 1 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3690: Language: Gadsup Dialect: Agarabi; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands); Population: 20,000 (11,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup Grammar: Goddard, Jean. 1974. "Notes on Agarabi Grammar," in Grammatical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 75-118.; Other Sources: Goddard, Jean. 1967. "Agarabi Narratives and Commentary," PL A13, 1-25. Goddard, Jean. 1976. "Higher Levels of Agarabi Grammar," in Higher Level Studies of Two Papua New Guinea Related Highlands Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-72.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ m n ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ɛ̄ ā ō; Tones: hi lo Articles: def indef; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N Num+N+A; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3691: Language: Auyana Dialect: Usarufa; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands); Population: 75,000 (1,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup; Other Sources: Bee, Darlene and Kathleen Barker Glasgow. 1962. "Usarufa Tone and Segmental Phonemes," OLM 6, 111-27. Bee, Darlene. 1965. "Usarufa Distinctive Features and Phonemes," PL A6, 39-68. Longacre, Robert E. 1972. Hierarchy and Universality of Discourse Constituents in New Guinea Languages: Texts. Washington, D.C: Georgetown Univ Press. AL 7:9 WPF; Consonant system: p ʔp t ʔt k ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀʔp, ʔt, ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).) m ʔm n ʔn ɾ Stops: p ʔp t ʔt k ʔk ʔ (Some sources indicate that ǀʔp, ʔt, ʔkǀ are rather ǀb, d, ɡǀ, with ǀb, ɡǀ realized as (β, ð).) Nasals: m ʔm n ʔn Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: c̄ m n Glides: j ʔj w ʔw Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɐ Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ a only; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo fall; Pronouns: 1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N & Num+A+N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3692: Language: Awa; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Eastern Highlands); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Gadsup Dictionary: Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1975. Awa Dictionary. PL C30.; Other Sources: Loving, Richard and Aretta Loving. 1962. "A Preliminary Survey of Awa Noun Suffixes," OLM 6, 28-43. Loving, Richard and Howard McKaughan. 1964. "Awa Verbs," in VSFNGL, 1-44. Loving, Richard E. 1966. "Awa Phonemes, Tonemes and Tonally Differentiated Allomorphs," PL A7, 23-32. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t k ɡ ʔ ts m n ɾ Stops: p b t k ɡ ʔ Affricates: ts Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(N,ʔ); Tones: hi lo ris fall; Noun
Number: s d t p Demonstratives: 5: [2 + that level over there, that above over there, that below over there] + ref Articles: def: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 4=5; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N D+A+N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3693: Language: Tairora; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Eastern Highlands); Population: 8,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora; Other Sources: Vincent, Alex and Lois Vincent. 1962. "Introductory Notes on Tairora Verb Morphology and Syntax," OLM 6, 4-27. Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2. WPF; Consonant system: p b mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ h m n ɾ Stops: p b mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ē ā ō; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3694: Language: Binumarien; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Eastern Highlands); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora; Other Sources: Oatridge, Des and Jennifer Oatridge. 1966. "Phonemes of Binumarien," PL A7, 13-21.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ ɸ s m n (ŋ) ɾ̣ Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n (ŋ) Vibrants: ɾ̣ Modified Consonants: ʔc ? Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɐ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ɔ̄ Diphthongs: ua au ai ia ui iu; Syllable: (C)(C)V; Tones: hi lo; Syntax: POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3695: Language: Waffa; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 950; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Eastern: Tairora; Other Sources: Stringer, Mary and Joyce Hotz. 1971. "Waffa Phonemes," Te Reo 14, 42-8.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ ɸ β β̃ s h m n ŋ ɾ ɾ̃ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ Fricatives: ɸ β β̃ s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ ɾ̃ Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: ref: Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3696: Language: Gende; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SC Madang); Population: 9,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.; Consonant system: p b mb t nd c ɟ ñɟ k ɡ ŋɡ z m n ñ l r Stops: p b mb t nd c ɟ ñɟ k ɡ ŋɡ Fricatives: z Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ ŋɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 3697: Language: Kamano; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 84,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2. Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phonemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110.; Consonant system: p t k ɡ ʔ β f s z h m n ɾ Stops: p t k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: β f s z h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(ʔ) Stress: phonemic

~~Number:~~ 3698: Language: Kamano Dialect: Yagaria; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 84,000 (21,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central Dictionary: Renck, G. L. 1977. Yagaria Dictionary. PL C37. Grammar: Renck, G. L. 1975. A Grammar of Yagaria. PL B40.; Other Sources: Renck, G. L. 1967. "A Tentative Statement of the Phonemes of Yagaria," PL A12, 19-48.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ f v s h m n L Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: f v s h Nasals: m n Laterals: L Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Modified Vowels: vowel harmony Diphthongs: ɛi ou aɛ ao; Syllable: (C)V(ʔ); Tones: hi mid lo Stress: phonemic [stress and tones are linked]; Noun
~~Number:~~ (s, d, p suffixes rarely used) Demonstratives: 3: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN(NA) GN DN N-NUM/(NUM-N) POSS-N(inalien)/N-POSS(alien) D+A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3699: Language: Kamano Dialect: Kanite; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 84,000 (3,400); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central; Other Sources: Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phoemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110. McCarthy, Joy. 1965. "Clause Chaining in Kanite," AL 7:5, 59-70.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ β f s h m n L Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: β f s h Nasals: m n Laterals: L Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai au ǝi ǝu; Syllable: (C)V(ʔ); Tones: hi lo Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV AN GN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3700: Language: Siane; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 16,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Siane; Other Sources: Lucht, Ramona and Dorothy James. 1962. "Phonemes of Siane," Te Reo 5, 12-6. WALS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ (ʔ) f s m n l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ (ʔ) Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo Stress: initial; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3701: Language: Yabiyufa; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Siane; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3702: Language: Gahuku; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 23,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Gahuku Grammar: Deibler, Ellis W., Jr. 1976. Semantic Relationships of Guhuku Verbs. SIL 48.; Other Sources: Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phonemes of Kanite, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ β s z ɣ h m n ɾ̣ Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: β s z ɣ h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ̣ Glides: (w) Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ɯ ɤ Long Vowels: v̄; Syllable: [C]V[ʔ]; Tones: hi lo Stress: non-phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN[colors]) GN DN N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS D+N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3703: Language: Gahuku Dialect: Asaro; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 23,000 (14,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Gahuku; Other Sources: Strange, Gladys Neeley. 1965. "Nominal Elements in Upper Asaro," AL 7:5, 71-9.; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ ʔ β s z ɣ h m n ľ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ ʔ Fricatives: β s z ɣ h Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Noun
Number: s d p Articles: def indef: Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3704: Language: Benabena Alternate Name: Dano; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 15,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Gahuku; Other Sources: Young, Rosemary. 1962. "The Phonemes of Kanita, Kamano, Benabena and Gahuku," OLM 6, 90-110. Young, Robert A. 1964. "The Primary Verb in Bena-Bena," in VSFNGL, 45-83. Young, Robert and Rosemary Young. 1965. "The Three Dimensional Classification System of Bena-Bena Nouns," AL 7:5, 80-3. Young, R. A. 1971. The Verb in Bena-Bena: Its Form and Function. PL B18.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ β f s ɣ h m n ḷ Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: β f s ɣ h Nasals: m n Laterals: ḷ Glides: j Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(ʔ) Stress: phonemic Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d 5=6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN POSS-N/N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 3705: Language: Fore; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands); Population: 18,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Gahuku Dictionary: Scott, Graham. 1980. Fore Dictionary. PL C62. Grammar: Scott, Graham. 1978. The Fore Language of Papua New Guinea. PL B47.; Other Sources: Nicholson, Ruth and Ray Nicholson. 1962. "Fore Phonemes and their Interpretation," OLM 6, 128-48. Scott, Graham. 1973. Higher Levels of Fore Grammar. PL B23.; Consonant system: p t̪ k ʔ s̪ m n̪ Stops: p t̪ k ʔ Fricatives: s̪ Nasals: m n̪ Modified Consonants: Nc p t k ʔc (perhaps clusters) p t k m n j w Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ē ā ō Diphthongs: ae ai ao au; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic pitch accent Demonstratives: 9: this above close, that above distant; this here (close), that there (close), that over there (close); that over there (mid), that over there (distant); this below (close), that below (distant); Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS D+Num+A+N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3706: Language: Gimi; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Eastern Highlands); Population: 19,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: East-Central: Gahuku; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.; Consonant system: p b t d k ʔ s m n r Stops: p b t d k ʔ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 3707: Language: Medlpa Alternate Name: Hagen, Umbu-Ungu Dialect: Gawigl; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Western Highlands); Population: 100,000 (31,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central; Other Sources: Blowers, Bruce L. 1970. "Kaugel Phonemic Statement," PL A26, 1-12. E; Consonant system: ph mb t̪h nd kh ŋɡ t̪l n̪d̪z (ts) m n ľ L ɾ Stops: ph mb t̪h nd kh ŋɡ Affricates: t̪l n̪d̪z (ts) Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ L Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)(C)V Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3708: Language: Chimbu Alternate Name: Kuman Dialect: Kuman; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 133,000 (66,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu; TextBooks: Trefry, D. and J. F. Trefry. 1967. Kuman Language Course. Port Moresby: Dept of Information & Extension Services.; Other Sources: Trefry, D. 1969. A Comparative Study of Kuman and Pawaian. PL B13. PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ s m n l L ɾ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Laterals: l L Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: I e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6 2=5 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS D+N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3709: Language: Chimbu Dialect: Golin; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 133,000 (27,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu Grammar: Bunn, Gordon. 1974. Golin Grammar. Ukarumpa, PNG: SIL.; Other Sources: Bunn, Gordon, and Ruth Bunn. 1970. "Golin Phonology," PL A23, 1-7.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s m n l ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ ? Diphthongs: ai au; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo Stress: on final hi tone Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3710: Language: Chimbu Dialect: Sinasina; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 133,000 (19,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversifacation in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3711: Language: Chimbu Dialect: Salt-Yui; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 133,000 (8,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu Grammar: Irwin, Barry. 1974. Salt-Yui Grammar. PL B35.; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s h m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: hi lo Demonstratives: ?3 + ref; Pronouns: 1 2 *3 Number is not distinguished in the pronouns. Irwin 1974, p. 32; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3712: Language: Chuave; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 24,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu; Other Sources: Swick, Joyce. 1966. "Chuave Phonological Hierarchy," PL A7, 33-48. E; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ ɸ s m n (ľ) ɾ Stops: b t d k ɡ Fricatives: ɸ s Nasals: m n Laterals: (ľ) Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Syllable: (C)(w)V(C); Syntax: SOV NA POSS-N/N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 3713: Language: Nomane; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Chimbu); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Chimbu; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3714: Language: Wahgi; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Western Highlands); Population: 45,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Wahgi; Other Sources: Luzbetak, Louis J. 1956. Middle Wahgi Phonology. OLM 2. Phillips,Donald J. 1976. Wahgi Phonology and Morphology. PL B36.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ n̪d̪z s̪ m n̪ n ŋ l̪ l L Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: n̪d̪z Fricatives: s̪ Nasals: m n̪ n ŋ Laterals: l̪ l L Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Modified Vowels: vowel harmony; Syllable: (C)V(C)(C); Tones: hi lo ris Stress: phonemic, but mostly final; Noun; Number: s p Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3715: Language: Nii; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Western Highlands); Population: 9,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Wahgi; Other Sources: Stucky, Al and Dellene Stucky. 1973. "Nii Phonology," in Phonologies of Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 37-78.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ n̪d̪z s̪ m n̪ n ŋ ɬ̪ ľ L̥ ɾ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: n̪d̪z Fricatives: s̪ Nasals: m n̪ n ŋ Laterals: ɬ̪ ľ L̥ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ ? Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ o Diphthongs: ai ɛi ɛI oi oI ui ou; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi ris Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV N-NUM

~~Number:~~ 3716: Language: Narak; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Western Highlands); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Jimi; Other Sources: Cook, Edwin A. 1967. "A Preliminary Statement of Narak Spatial Diexis," AL 9:6,1-29. Hainsworth, Joan. 1972. "Narak Noun Possession and Morphophonemic Rules," AL 14, 46-61. Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea HIghlands Languages. PL B2. E; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ndz s m n̪ n ŋ l̪ ľ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ndz Fricatives: s Nasals: m n̪ n ŋ Laterals: l̪ ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: hi lo ris fall; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N/N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 3717: Language: Maring; Location: C Papua New Guinea (E Western Highlands); Population: 8,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Jimi; Other Sources: Woodward, L. B. 1973. "Maring Sentences," in Three Studies in Sentence Structure, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 1-20.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ɡ̌ s m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ ? Articles: indef; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3718: Language: Ganja; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: Central: Jimi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3719: Language: Huli; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 65,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central Grammar: Rule, W. M. 1977. A Comparative Study of the Fee, Huli and Pole Languages of Papua New Guinea. OLM 20.; Consonant system: p mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ pɸ h m n ḷ ɾ Stops: p mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Affricates: pɸ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Laterals: ḷ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: tones Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d 5=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3720: Language: Enga Alternate Name: Kyaka Dialect: Mai; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 150,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Enga Dictionary: Lang, Adrianne. 1973. Enga DIctionary. PL C20.; Other Sources: Hintze, Otto C. 1975. "A Phonemic Statement of Mai Enga," Kivung 8, 145-85. Lang, Adrianne. 1975. The Semantics of Classificatory Verbs in Enga (and Other Papua New Guinea Languages). PL B39. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ts ndz m n ñ ŋ ʎ ɾ̣ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ts ndz Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: ʎ Vibrants: ɾ̣ Modified Consonants: cj b d ɡ k m ŋ p s t cʷ b d ɡ k m p s t Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo Articles: def indef; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d 5=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N+A+Num+D Ergative: erg; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3721: Language: Katinja; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Enga; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3722: Language: Nete; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Enga; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3723: Language: Lembena; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Enga; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3724: Language: Ipili; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 6,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Enga; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3725: Language: Angal Dialect: Wela; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 55,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa; Other Sources: Rule, Joan. 1965. "A Comparison of Certain Phonemes of the Languages of the Mendi and Nembi Valleys, Southern Highlands, Papua," AL 7:5, 98-105. E; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ s z nz m n l ḷ̌ Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s z nz Nasals: m n Laterals: l ḷ̌ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɒ; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3726: Language: Angal; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 55,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1964. Phonological Diversification in Australian New Guinea Highlands Languages. PL B2. Rule, Joan. 1965. "A Comparison of Certain Phonemes of the Languages of the Mendi and Nembi Valleys, Southern Highlands, Papua," AL 7:5, 98-105. E; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ s nz m n l ḷ̌ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s nz Nasals: m n Laterals: l ḷ̌ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e (æ) Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3727: Language: Kewa Dialect: East; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 43,000 (20,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa; Other Sources: Franklin, Karl and Joice Franklin. 1962. "Kewa I: Phonological Assymetry," AL 4:7, 29-37. Franklin, Karl J. 1964. "Kewa Verb Morphology," in VSFNGL, 100-30. Franklin, Joice. 1965. "Kewa II: Higher Level Phonology," AL 7:5, 84-8. Franklin, Karl J. 1967. "Kewa Sentence Structure," PL A13, 27-59.; Consonant system: mb t nd c k ɸ s x m n ñ ľ ɾ Stops: mb t nd c k Fricatives: ɸ s x Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: ľ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3=6d; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3728: Language: Kewa Dialect: West; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 43,000 (19,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa Dictionary: Franklin, Karl J. and Joice Franklin. 1978. A Kewa Dictionary. PL C53. Grammar: Franklin, Karl James. 1971. A Grammar of Kewa, New Guinea. PL C16.; Other Sources: Franklin, K. J. 1968. The DIalects of Kewa. PL B10.; Consonant system: mb t nd q pɸ s x m n ľ ɾ Stops: mb t nd q Affricates: pɸ Fricatives: s x Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo downdrift Stress: non-phonemic (usually initial in nouns) Demonstratives: 5: that seen, that unseen, that distant, that above, that below + that neutral (= ref?); Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3=6d; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3729: Language: Kewa Dialect: South; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 43,000 (4,000); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa Grammar: Rule, W. M. 1977. A Comparative Study of the Foe, Huli and Pole Languages of Papua New Guinea. OLM 20.; Consonant system: ph mb t nd k kh ŋɡ tr s h m n ḷ Stops: ph mb t nd k kh ŋɡ Affricates: tr Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Laterals: ḷ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: ? Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3730: Language: Sau; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: East New Guinea Highlands: West-Central: Angal-Kewa; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p mb t nd ŋk s h m n l Stops: p mb t nd ŋk Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C)

~~Number:~~ 3731: Language: Foe; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Southern Highlands); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kutubuan: East Grammar: Rule, W. M. 1977. A Comparative Study of the Foe, Huli and Pole Languages of Papua New Guinea. OLM 20.; Other Sources: LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t th k ʔ kx f v s h m n ɾ Stops: p t th k ʔ Affricates: kx Fricatives: f v s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo Demonstratives: 3; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3732: Language: Fiwaga; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Southern Highlands); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kutubuan: East; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3733: Language: Fasu; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S Southern Highlands); Population: 650; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kutubuan: West; Other Sources: May, Jean and Eunice Loeweke. 1965. "The Phonological Hierarchy in Fasu," AL 7:5, 89-97. PLNGLS LSGD AL 8:5; Consonant system: p t k f s h m n r Stops: p t k Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all Diphthongs: diphthonɡs triphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+D Ergative: erg; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3734: Language: Some; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NW Gulf); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kutubuan: West; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ f s h m n r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ

~~Number:~~ 3735: Language: Namumi; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NW Gulf); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kutubuan: West; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ f s h m n r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ

~~Number:~~ 3736: Language: Somahai; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3737: Language: Kamula; Location: Papua New Guinea (Western); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea; Other Sources: Reesink, Ger P. 1976. "Languages of the Aramia River Area," PL A45, 1-37.; Consonant system: p b t d k ʔ β s h m n l Stops: p b t d k ʔ Fricatives: β s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (y) e ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: (ṽ); Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 2=5, 3=6; Syntax: SOV N-NUM

~~Number:~~ 3738: Language: Iria; Location: Indonesia (W West Irian); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d ɡ ʔ v s h m n r Stops: p b t d ɡ ʔ Fricatives: v s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3

~~Number:~~ 3739: Language: Asienara; Location: Indonesia (W West Irian); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v s h m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3

~~Number:~~ 3740: Language: Kamoro; Location: Indonesia (W West Irian); Population: 9,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k m n r Stops: p t k Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3741: Language: Sempan; Location: Indonesia (West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k f s m n r Stops: p t k Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 3=6

~~Number:~~ 3742: Language: Central Asmat; Location: Indonesia (SC West Irian); Population: 40,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro Grammar: GD: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1965. The Flamingo Bay Dialect of the Asmat Language. The Hague: H. L. Smits.; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k č f s (h) m (ʔm) n ɾ Stops: p t k Affricates: č Fricatives: f s (h) Nasals: m (ʔm) n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: generally on second vowel; Noun
~~Number:~~ a plural exists for a few kinship terms Demonstratives: 2: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3743: Language: Casuarina Coast Asmat; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3744: Language: Citak Asmat; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3745: Language: North Asmat; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Asmat-Kamoro; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3746: Language: Sawuy; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s x m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: ? Stress: final; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3

~~Number:~~ 3747: Language: Kotogut; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3748: Language: Mapi; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3749: Language: Ederah; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3750: Language: Kia; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3751: Language: Upper Digul; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3752: Language: Upper Kaeme; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3753: Language: Siagha; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Awyu; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1970. "Proto-Awyu-Dumut Phonology," in PL C13, 977-1063. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ (č) f s x m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: (č) Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3754: Language: Pisa; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Awyu; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1970. "Proto-Awyu-Dumut Phonology," in PL C13, 997-1063. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s x m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ ?; Noun
~~Number:~~ [a few kinship terms have a distinct plural]: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3755: Language: Aghu; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Awyu; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1970. "Proto-Awyu-Dumut Phonology," in PL C13, 997-1063. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s x m n Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ ? Stress: final; Noun
~~Number:~~ [a few nouns have a plural]: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3756: Language: Airo; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Awyu; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3757: Language: Kaeti; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Dumut; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1970. "Proto-Awyu-Dumut Phonology," in PL C13, 997-1063. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ s m n r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 3758: Language: Wambon; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Dumut; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1970. "Proto-Awyu-Dumut Phonology," in PL C13, 997-1063. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ s m n ŋ r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final; Noun
~~Number:~~ only a few kinship terms have a distinct plural: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3759: Language: Wanggom Alternate Name: Kombai; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awyu-Dumut: Dumut; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3760: Language: Southern Kati; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Lowland; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k m n ŋ Stops: p mb t nd k Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ; Tones: ? Stress: final; Noun
Number: s (p): Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3761: Language: Northern Kati; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 8,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Lowland; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k m n ŋ Stops: p mb t nd k Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ; Tones: ? Stress: final; Pronouns: 1 4 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3762: Language: Yonggom; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Lowland; Other Sources: PLNGLS WPF; Consonant system: p t d k m n ŋ Stops: p t d k Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: ?; Pronouns: 1 4 2

~~Number:~~ 3763: Language: Ninggirum; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Lowland; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t d k ɡ β h m n ŋ Stops: p t d k ɡ Fricatives: β h Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3764: Language: Iwur; Location: WC Papua New Guinea; Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Lowland; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3765: Language: Telefol; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (S West Sepik); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain Dictionary: Healey, Phyllis and Alan Healey. 1977. Telefol Dictionary. PL C46.; Other Sources: Healey, Alan. 1964. Telefol Phonology. PL B3. Healey, P. M. 1965a. Telefol Noun Phrases. PL B4. Healey, Phyllis M. 1965b. "Telefol Clause Structure," PL A5, 1-26. Healey, Phyllis M. 1965c. "Telefol Verb Phrases," PL A5, 27-53. Healey, P. M. 1966. Levels and Chaining in Telefol Sentences. PL B5. PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t̪h d̪ kh f s̪ m n̪ ŋ l Stops: b t̪h d̪ kh Fricatives: f s̪ Nasals: m n̪ ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ kh Glides: j w Front Vowels: I Central Vowels: ɐ Back Vowels: ʋ Long Vowels: ī ɛ̄ ā ū ɔ̄; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: ris fall; Noun
~~Number:~~ some kinship terms have a plural; a few other nouns use reduplication: Gender: m f Demonstratives: 2 [both forms may be inflected to show: (1) above, (2) up, (3) over, (4) across, (5) down, (6) below, (7) iñout̃up] + ref Articles: def indef; Pronouns: 1 4 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3766: Language: Tifal; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (S West Sepik); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: Steinkraus, Walter. 1969. "Tifal Phonology Showing Vowel and Tone Neutralization," Kivung 2, 57-66. PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t d k ɸ s m n ŋ l Stops: b t d k Fricatives: ɸ s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ k Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: ī ē ā ū ō; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo Stress: non-phonemic; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3767: Language: Kauwol; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t d k f s m n ŋ l Stops: b t d k Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ k Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: tones

~~Number:~~ 3768: Language: Faiwol; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (N Western); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: Mecklenburg, Charlotte. 1974. "Phonology of Faiwol," in Studies in Languages of the Ok Family, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 143-65. PLNGLS; Consonant system: b th d kh ɡ f s m n l Stops: b th d kh ɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ kh ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai au ei; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV NA DN N-NUM D+N+A

~~Number:~~ 3769: Language: Setaman; Location: WC Papua New Guinea; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3770: Language: Bimin; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (N Western); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t k ɡ f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: b t k ɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3771: Language: Mianmin; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (S West Sepik); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: Smith, Jean and Pam Weston. 1974a. "Mianmin Phonemes and Tonemes," in Studies in Languages of the Ok Family, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL 5-33. Smith, Jean and Pam Weston. 1974b. "Notes on Mianmin Grammar," in Studies in Languages of the Ok Family, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 35-142. PLNGLS; Consonant system: b th kh ɡ f s h m n ŋ ľ Stops: b th kh ɡ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ľ Modified Consonants: cʷ kh ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ a only Diphthongs: ei ai au ou; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C); Tones: hi lo-fall lo-ris Stress: non-phonemic; Noun; Number: s p; Gender: m f Demonstratives: 1; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2mf 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN) (GN) ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3772: Language: Mianmin Dialect: Wagarabai; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (W West Sepik); Population: 1,500 (500); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t d k f s h m n ŋ l Stops: p t d k Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Tones: tones

~~Number:~~ 3773: Language: Ngalum; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 18,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Ok: Mountain; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡʷ pf s m n ŋ l Stops: p b t d k ɡʷ Affricates: pf Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Tones: tones

~~Number:~~ 3774: Language: Awin; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 6,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awin-Pa; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p ph b t th d k kh ɡ s h m n (ŋ) ɾ Stops: p ph b t th d k kh ɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n (ŋ) Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (y) e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 ? 6; Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3775: Language: Pa Alternate Name: Pare; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Awin-Pa; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t nd k ɡ (ɸ) s h m n (ŋ) ɾ Stops: p b t nd k ɡ Fricatives: (ɸ) s h Nasals: m n (ŋ) Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ĩ ɛ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 ? ? ?; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3776: Language: Nomad Alternate Name: Odoodee Dialect: Samo; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 2,700 (650); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: East Strickland; Other Sources: Daniel, R. and Karen A. Shaw. 1973. "Location: A Linguistic and Cultural Focus in Samo," Kivung 6, 158-72. Daniel, R. and Karen A. Shaw. 1977. "Samo Phonemes," in Phonologies of Five P.N.G. Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 97-135. LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ f s h m (n) l Stops: b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m (n) Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ all Diphthongs: ai ae ɔi ɔe ɔu au ãi ɔ̃i ɔ̃e ɔ̃u ãu; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: tones ? Stress: phenemic (first or second syllable) Demonstratives: 5 (this/that/that upstream/that above/that below); Pronouns: 1 4die 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3777: Language: Agala; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: East Strickland; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3778: Language: Konai; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: East Strickland; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3779: Language: Beami Alternate Name: Edolo; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b d ɡ f s h m n ɾ̣ Stops: b d ɡ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ̣ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3780: Language: Onabasulu; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3781: Language: Kaluli Alternate Name: Bosavi; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b th d kh ɡ f ṣ h m n ľ Stops: b th d kh ɡ Fricatives: f ṣ h Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: hi mid lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3782: Language: Kasua; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3783: Language: Kware; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3784: Language: Tomu; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3785: Language: Bainapi Alternate Name: Dibiyaso; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Other Sources: Resnick, Ger P. 1976. "Languages of the Aramia River Area," PL A45, 1-37.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: ei ai ia ea ae au ua ou Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3786: Language: Sonia; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Bosavi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3787: Language: Duna; Location: C Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands); Population: 6,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Duna-Pogaya; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ h m n l ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 4=5; Syntax: SOV POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3788: Language: Pogaya; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Duna-Pogaya; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3789: Language: Pogaya Alternate Name: Bogaya; Location: C Papua New Guinea (N Western); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Duna-Pogaya; TextBooks: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV N-NUM

~~Number:~~ 3790: Language: Mombum; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian, Komoran Is); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Mombum; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s (z) x m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s (z) x Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3791: Language: Koneraw; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian, SE Frederik Hendrik Is); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Central & South New Guinea: Mombum; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3792: Language: Angaataha Alternate Name: Angaatiha; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: Huisman. Roberta D. 1973. "Angaataha Narrative DIscourse," Linguistics 110, 29-42. Huisman, Ronald D. 1973. "Angaataha Verb Morphology," Linguistics 110, 43-54. LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ a only; Syllable: (C)(G)V(C), Nˈ; Tones: hi lo hi-fall Stress: non-phonemic; Noun Classes: 12; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN/NA DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3793: Language: Simbari; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Eastern Highlands); Population: 2,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ (č) (ñɡ̌) m n ŋ l L r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ Affricates: (č) (ñɡ̌) Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l L Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: Nˈ; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3794: Language: Baruya; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SE Eastern Highlands); Population: 4,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: Lloyd, Richard G. 1969. "Gender in a New Guinea Lanugage," PL A22, 25-67. Lloyd, J. and A. Healey. 1970. "Barua Phonemes: A Problem in Interpretation," Linguistics 60, 33-48. LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t̪ n̪d̪ k ŋɡ ʔ (The Wantakia dialect lasks phonemic voiced stops.) m n̪ ŋ l ɾ Stops: p mb t̪ n̪d̪ k ŋɡ ʔ (The Wantakia dialect lasks phonemic voiced stops.) Nasals: m n̪ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ē ā ō Diphthongs: ɛi iǝ ǝi ia ai ui oi; Syllable: (C)(G)V(C) Stress: phonemic pitch accent; Noun; Number: s d p; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN ND POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3795: Language: Safeyoka Dialect: Wojokeso; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: West Dorothy. 1973. Wojokeso Sentence, Paragraph, and Discourse Analysis. PL B28.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ č ɸ s š x m n ñ ŋ l Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: č Fricatives: ɸ s š x Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u; Tones: tones; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN/ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3796: Language: Safeyoka Dialect: Aiwomba; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ č ɸ s h m n ñ ŋ ľ Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: č Fricatives: ɸ s h Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ Back Vowels: u Long Vowels: ē ǣ ā Stress: phonemic pitch accent; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3797: Language: Kawatsa; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 30; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ ts f h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: ts Fricatives: f h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ei ai ǝi ia oi io; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 2=5d

~~Number:~~ 3798: Language: Kamasa; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 50; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ s h m n ŋ r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d ? 3 6d 6 5d=6d

~~Number:~~ 3799: Language: Yagwoia; Location: E Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 6,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD E; Consonant system: p t k q ʔ č h m n ŋ l Stops: p t k q ʔ Affricates: č Fricatives: h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: Nˈ lˈ; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 *3 *6d *6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3800: Language: Ankave; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NC Gulf); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p (mb) t (nd) k (ŋɡ) ʔ s h m n ŋ r Stops: p (mb) t (nd) k (ŋɡ) ʔ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3801: Language: Ivori; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NC Gulf); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k ʔ h m n r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i æ Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai ia io oi ie; Syllable: Nˈ; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: NA

~~Number:~~ 3802: Language: Lohiki Alternate Name: Akoye; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 850; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD E; Consonant system: p t k (ʔ) č (ɸ) m n (ŋ) r Stops: p t k (ʔ) Affricates: č Fricatives: (ɸ) Nasals: m n (ŋ) Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai ǝi ia ea ie iǝ oa; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN

~~Number:~~ 3803: Language: Menya; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SW Morobe); Population: 12,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan; Other Sources: LSGD E; Consonant system: p t k q β s z h (β is bilabial with inverted lower lip) m n ŋ Stops: p t k q Fricatives: β s z h (β is bilabial with inverted lower lip) Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ē Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: Nˈ vˈ [syllabic v]; Tones: hi lo; Gender: ?m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND POSS-N N+A+D

~~Number:~~ 3804: Language: Hamtai Alternate Name: Kapau; Location: E Papua New Guinea (E Gulf); Population: 32,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Angan Grammar: Oates, William and Lynette Oates. 1968. Kapau Pedagogical Grammar. PL C10.; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k q ʔ (ɸ) β (š) h m n ŋ Stops: p t k q ʔ Fricatives: (ɸ) β (š) h Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: Nˈ Stress: phonemic Demonstratives: 2 Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6dmf 6mf 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N(emphasis on noun)/N-POSS(emphasis on pronoun)

~~Number:~~ 3805: Language: Suki; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (C Western); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Gogodala-Suki; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1970. "Some Notes on the Suki-Gogodala Subgroup of the Central and South New Guinea Phylym," in PL C13, 1247-70. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ s z m n ɾ Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ Fricatives: s z Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: (ṽ) Diphthongs: diphthonɡs Stress: initial; Noun
Number: s (p): Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 2=4; Syntax: SOV GN DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3806: Language: Gogodala; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (C Western); Population: 7,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Gogodala-Suki; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1970. "Some Notes on the Suki-Gogodala Subgroup of the Central and South New Guinea Phylym," in PL C13, 1247-70.; Consonant system: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ s m n l Stops: p b t̪ d̪ k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs Stress: phonemic; Noun
Number: s (p): Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3807: Language: Waruna; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (C Western); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Gogodala-Suki; Other Sources: Reesink, Ger P. 1976. "Languages of the Aramia River Area," PL A45, 1-37.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5 3 6 4=5

~~Number:~~ 3808: Language: Boazi Dialect: South; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Boazi; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1970. "The Languages of the Lake Murray Area," PL A25, 1-18. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ q NG f v s z ɣ m n l Stops: p b t d k ɡ q NG Fricatives: f v s z ɣ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ G Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e (ɛ) Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: non-phonemic; Noun
Number: s (p): Gender: m f n; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3809: Language: Zimakani; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (WC Western); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Boazi; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1970. "The Languages of the Lake Murray Area," PL A25, 1-18. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f v s z ɣ m n l Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f v s z ɣ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V Stress: non-phonemic; Gender: m f n; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV DN

~~Number:~~ 3810: Language: Marind; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 7,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Marind Proper; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v s z h m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v s z h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic pitch accent, but mostly final; Noun; Number: s p; Gender: m f n1 n2 (2 neuters); Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV/(SVO)

~~Number:~~ 3811: Language: Bian Marind; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Marind Proper; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v s z ɣ h m n l Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v s z ɣ h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6

~~Number:~~ 3812: Language: Yaqay; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 9,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Yaqay; Other Sources: PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ q m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ q Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: ɵ a Back Vowels: u o; Gender: m f n; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mfn 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3813: Language: Warkay; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Marind: Yaqay; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ʔ f s x h m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ʔ Fricatives: f s x h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 3814: Language: Kaugat; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kayagar; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS WPF; Consonant system: p t̪ k ʔ č f s̪ x m n̪ ɾ Stops: p t̪ k ʔ Affricates: č Fricatives: f s̪ x Nasals: m n̪ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final in bisyllabic words; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5; Syntax: SOV NA DN

~~Number:~~ 3815: Language: Kaygir; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kayagar; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea ," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t̪ k f s̪ x m n̪ ɾ Stops: p t̪ k Fricatives: f s̪ x Nasals: m n̪ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final in bisyllabic words; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3816: Language: Tamagario; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Kayagar; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea ," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t̪ k m n̪ ɾ Stops: p t̪ k Nasals: m n̪ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final in bisyllabic words; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA NG N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 3817: Language: Demta; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Sentani; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3818: Language: Sentani; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 6,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Sentani Grammar: Cowan, H. K. J. 1965. Grammar of the Sentani Language. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b d k f h m n ľ Stops: b d k Fricatives: f h Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: penult Demonstratives: 3; Pronouns: 1 4(ie) 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Noun Incorporation: pronoun incorp; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3819: Language: Nafri; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Sentani; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3820: Language: Tanah Merah2 Alternate Name: Tabla; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 3,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Sentani; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3821: Language: Wano; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3822: Language: Western Dani; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Dani; Other Sources: Bromley, H. Myron. 1961. The Phonology of Lower Grand Valley Dani. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ m n l Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ k ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3823: Language: Grand Valley Dani Dialect: Mugogo; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 50,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Dani Grammar: Stap, Petrus Antonius Maria van der. 1966. Outline of Dani Morphology. The Hague: H. L Smits.; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system: p ph ɓ t̪ t̪h ɗ k kh ʔ s̪ h m n̪ l̪ Stops: p ph ɓ t̪ t̪h ɗ k kh ʔ Fricatives: s̪ h Nasals: m n̪ Laterals: l̪ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ o Modified Vowels: vowel harmony Diphthongs: ei ai au oi ou; Noun
~~Number:~~ a plural exists for some kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3824: Language: Grand Valley Dani Dialect: Lower; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 50,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Dani; Other Sources: Bromley, H. Myron. 1961. The Phonology of Lower Grand Valley Dani. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p t k ʔ s x m n ŋ l Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: s x Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ k Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ o Diphthongs: ei ai oi au ou; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: final; Noun
~~Number:~~ plural for a few kinship terms only: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3825: Language: North Ngalik; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 33,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Ngalik-Nduga; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3826: Language: South Ngalik; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Ngalik-Nduga; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3827: Language: Nduga; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Southern: Ngalik-Nduga; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3828: Language: Saberi Alternate Name: Isirawa; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Northern; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3829: Language: Samarokena; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Northern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3830: Language: Kwerba; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Northern: Kwerba; Other Sources: Silzer, Peter. 1976. "A Six-Week Phonemic Analysis of Air Mati with a Tentative Orthography," in From Baudi to Indonesian, ed. by Ignatius Suharno and Kenneth L. Pike, Irian Jaya. Indonesia, SIL, 192-201.; Consonant system: p t k (ʔ) č (ɸ) s m n ñ ŋ ɾ Stops: p t k (ʔ) Affricates: č Fricatives: (ɸ) s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ p k m Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I e ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai au ei oi ou; Syllable: (C)V(C)(C) Stress: penult; Syntax: SOV; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3831: Language: Airoran; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Northern: Kwerba; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3832: Language: Sasawa; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Dani-Kwerba: Northern: Kwerba; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3833: Language: Uhunduni; Location: Indonesia (WC West Irian); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k m n ŋ l Stops: p t k Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ; Tones: hi mid lo; Noun
~~Number:~~ a few kinship terms have a plural suffix: Pronouns: 1 4di 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV/OSV

~~Number:~~ 3834: Language: Ekagi Alternate Name: Kapauku, Ekari; Location: Indonesia (WC West Irian); Population: 60,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga Dictionary: Doble, Marion. 1960. Kapaunu-Malayan-Dutch-English Distionary. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Steltenpool, J. 1969. Ekagi-Dutch-English-Indonesian Dictionary. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Grammar: Doble, Marion. 1962. "Essays on Kapauku Grammar," Nieuw-Guinea Studien 6, 152-5, 211-8 & 279-98.; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k m n L (= ɡl) Stops: p b t d k Nasals: m n Laterals: L (= ɡl) Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Long Vowels: v̄; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi mid low; Noun
Number: s (p): Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV/(OSV) AN GN DN/ND N-NUM; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3835: Language: Wodani; Location: Indonesia (WC West Irian); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b mb th d nd kh ŋɡ h m n L Stops: ph b mb th d nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Laterals: L Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ; Tones: tones

~~Number:~~ 3836: Language: Moni; Location: Indonesia (WC West Irian); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b mb th d nd kh ŋɡ s h m n Stops: ph b mb th d nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ; Tones: tones; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV/(OSV)

~~Number:~~ 3837: Language: Tanah Merah1; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Mairasi-Tanah Merah; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3838: Language: Mairasi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Mairasi-Tanah Merah; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3839: Language: Northeastern Mairasi; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Mairasi-Tanah Merah; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3840: Language: Semimi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Mairasi-Tanah Merah; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3841: Language: Karas; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, Karas Is); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: West Bomberai; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ɡ̌ (f) s x m n (ñ) ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: (f) s x Nasals: m n (ñ) ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3842: Language: Iha; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Population: 5,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: West Bomberai; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb (č) ɡ̌ (f) x h m n (ñ) ŋ (l) r Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb Affricates: (č) ɡ̌ Fricatives: (f) x h Nasals: m n (ñ) ŋ Laterals: (l) Vibrants: r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic (final & penult); Noun; Number: s p; Noun Classes: 7: fruit, everything connected with the house, flat objects, wooden objects, rifles, animates, inanimate]; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3843: Language: Baham; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Population: 450; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: West Bomberai; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb ɡ̌ (f) s x m n (ñ) ŋ (l) r Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ɡb Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: (f) s x Nasals: m n (ñ) ŋ Laterals: (l) Vibrants: r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3844: Language: Guhu-Semane Alternate Name: Guhu Samane; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (N Northern); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: Richard, Ernest and Marjorie Richert. 1972. "Phonology of Guhu-Semane," Te Reo 15, 45-51. Richard, Ernest L. 1975. "Sentence Structure of Guhu-Samane," in SLCSEP, 771-815.; Consonant system: p b t̪ t k ɡ ʔ dz kx s h m n ŋ ɾ̣ Stops: p b t̪ t k ɡ ʔ Affricates: dz kx Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ̣ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Syllable: (C)V Stress: initial; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3845: Language: Suena; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Morobe); Population: 1,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean Grammar: Wilson, Darryl. 1974. Suena Grammar. Ukarumpa, PNG: SIL; Other Sources: Wilson, Darryl. 1969a. "Suena Phonology," PL A18, 87-93. Wilson, Darryl. 1969b. "Suena Grammar Highlights," PL A18, 95-110.; Consonant system: ph b t̪h d kh ɡ dz s m n ɾ Stops: ph b t̪h d kh ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo Stress: penult; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms Demonstratives: 3 Articles: indef: Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3846: Language: Yekora; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Morobe); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: BLF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ dz β s m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: β s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but i; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for some kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3847: Language: Zia; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Morobe); Population: 3,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: BLF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ dz β s m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: β s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc d Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all but i; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for some kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3848: Language: Zia Dialect: Mawai; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Morobe); Population: 3,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: BLF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ dz β s h m n l ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: β s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ a u o; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for some kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3849: Language: Binandere; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: Capell, A. 1969. "The Structure of the Binandere Verb," PL A18, 1-32. BLF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ dz β s m n l ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Affricates: dz Fricatives: β s Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ u o; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for some kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM POSS-N/N-POSS N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3850: Language: Ambasi; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3851: Language: Aeka; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: BLF; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ β s h m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: β s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ u o; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3852: Language: Orokaiva; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 25,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: Healey, Alan, Ambrose Isoroembo and Martin Chittleborough. 1969. "Preliminary Notes on Orokaiva Grammar," PL A18, 33-64. Larsen, Robert and Marlys Larsen. 1977. "Orokaiva Phonology and Orthography," in Phonologies of Five P.N.G. Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-29.; Consonant system: p (m)b t (n)d k (ŋ)ɡ ɡ̌ s h m n (ŋ) Stops: p (m)b t (n)d k (ŋ)ɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n (ŋ) Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)V(N) Stress: initial; Noun
~~Number:~~ kinship terms have a plural Demonstratives: 3: Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 *3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN(NG) ND N-NUM POSS-N(N-POSS) N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3853: Language: Hunjara; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 4,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3854: Language: Notu Alternate Name: Ewage; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: BLF E; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ dz ̘ɸ β s ɣ m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: ɸ β s ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ i o; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3855: Language: Yega; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Northern); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3856: Language: Gaina; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3857: Language: Baruga; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 1050; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3858: Language: Mawae; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean

~~Number:~~ 3859: Language: Dogoro Alternate Name: Doghoro; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 120; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3860: Language: Korafe; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Northern); Population: 4,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Binanderean; Other Sources: Farr, James and Cynthia Farr. 1974. "A Preliminary Korafe Phonology," in Three Studies in Languages of Eastern Papua, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-38. Farr, James and Cynthia Farr. 1975. "Some Features of Korafe Morphology," in SLCSEP, 731-69. Farr, Cynthia J. M. 1976. "I Don't Know Whether I'm Coming or Going: A Study of Some Usages of 'Come' and 'Go' in Korafe," Kivung 9, 126-55. BLF; Consonant system: b th d kh ɡ ɡ̌ f v s ɣ m n ɾ Stops: b th d kh ɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: f v s ɣ Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌ ɣ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ ? Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms Demonstratives: 3: Pronouns: 1 4die* 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d, 5=6 *There appears to be 3 distinct forms: (1) 4d, (2) 4di, (3) 4de; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3861: Language: Biangai; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Morobe); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Goilalan; Other Sources: Dubert, Raymond and Marjorie Dubert. 1973. "Biangai Phonemes," in Phonologies of Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-35. E; Consonant system: p t k β s z ɣ m n ŋ ľ ɾ Stops: p t k Fricatives: β s z ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ľ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: c̄ l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai au; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: phonemic (final/penult); Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3862: Language: Weri; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Morobe); Population: 3,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Goilalan; Other Sources: Boxwell, Helen and Maurice Boxwell. 1966. "Weri Phonemes," PL A7, 77-93. Boxwell, Maurice. 1967. "Weri Pronoun System," Linguistics 29, 34-43.; Consonant system: p t k s m n ŋ ̌l ľ Stops: p t k Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ̌l ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ o Long Vowels: v̄ all Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V(C)(C); Tones: hi lo Stress: final; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3863: Language: Kunimaipa; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 8,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Goilalan Grammar: Geary, Elaine. 1977. Kunimaipa Grammar. Ukarumpa, PNG: SIL.; Other Sources: Pence, Alan. 1964. "Intonation in Kunimaipa (New Guinea)," PL A3, 1-15. Pence, Alan. 1966. "Kunimaipa Phonology: Hierarchical Levels," PL A7, 49-67. Pence, Alan, Elaine Geary and Doris Bjorkman. 1970. "Kunimaipa Nominals," PL A23, 8-35. WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v s x m n ŋ l ɾ̣ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v s x Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ̣ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: penult; Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 5 [this (seen), that (unseen), that below (seen), that above (seen), this below (unseen)] Articles: indef: Pronouns: 1 4d 4ti 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN) GN ND/(DN) N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3864: Language: Tauade; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 8,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Goilalan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3865: Language: Fuyuge; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (NW Northern); Population: 9,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Goilalan; Other Sources: E WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3866: Language: Koita; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 2,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Koiaric Grammar: GD: Dutton, T. E. 1975. "A Koita Grammar Sketch and Vocabulary," in SLCSEP, 281-412.; Consonant system: (p) b t d k ɡ β s ɣ h m n ɾ Stops: (p) b t d k ɡ Fricatives: β s ɣ h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms only: Noun Classes: 10 Demonstratives: 3 Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN adj of nationality) GN ND/(DN) N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3867: Language: Koiari Alternate Name: Koiali; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Koiaric; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1969. The Peopling of Central Papua. PL B9.; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ (ʔ) ɸ β s h m n ɾ Stops: b t d k ɡ (ʔ) Fricatives: ɸ β s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms only Demonstratives: 2: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3868: Language: Mountain Koiari Alternate Name: Koiali (Mountain); Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 3,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Koiaric Grammar: Garland, Roger and Susan Garland. 1975. "A Grammar Sketch of Mountain Koiali," in SLCSEP, 413-70.; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ ɸ ṣ x m n l Stops: b t d k ɡ Fricatives: ɸ ṣ x Nasals: m n Laterals: l Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms only Demonstratives: 4 [3 + that still further]: Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N/(N-POSS); Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3869: Language: Managalasi; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Baraic; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1969. The Peopling of Central Papua. PL B9.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ č ɡ̌ β s h m n ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: β s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ʉ a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for a few kinship terms Demonstratives: 2: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV GN POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3870: Language: Barai; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Baraic Grammar: Olson, Mike. 1975. "Barai Grammar Highlights," in SLCSEP, 471-512.; Consonant system: mb t nd k ŋɡ ɡ̌ ɸ β m n ɾ Stops: mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: ɸ β Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc ɡ̌ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo Stress: phonemic; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for a few kinship terms Demonstratives: 8: this, that, that to the side, that down at an angle, that up at an angle, that to the side with reference to the person spoken to, that straight down with reference to the speaker, that straight up with reference to the speaker: Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3871: Language: Ömie Dialect: Asafa; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Baraic Grammar: Austing, John and Randolph Upia. 1975. "Highlights of Ömie Morphology," in SLCSEP, 513-98.; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1969. The Peopling of Central Papua. PL B9.; Consonant system: b th d kh ɡ ʔ ɡ̌ ɸ β s h m n ľ Stops: b th d kh ɡ ʔ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: ɸ β s h Nasals: m n Laterals: ľ Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs triphthonɡs; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic Demonstratives: 4: this, that, that above, that below; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3872: Language: Ömie Dialect: Zuwadza; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Koiarian: Baraic; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1969. The Peopling of Central Papua. PL B9.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ č ɡ̌ β s h m n ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: β s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Stress: phonemic; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3873: Language: Humene; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 440; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Kwalean; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1970. "Notes on the Languages of the Rigo Area of the Central District of Papua," in PL C13, 879-983.; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ ʔ ɸ β ž h m n ɹ Stops: b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: ɸ β ž h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɹ Front Vowels: I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4 2 (5) 3 6 2=5?; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN nationality) DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3874: Language: Kwale; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 720; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Kwalean; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1970. "Notes on the Languages of the Rigo Area of the Central District of Papua," in PL C13, 879-983. WPF; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ ʔ ɸ β s ž ɣ h m n ɹ Stops: b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: ɸ β s ž ɣ h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɹ Front Vowels: I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3875: Language: Mulaha Alternate Name: Iaibu; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Kwalean; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3876: Language: Doromu; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 840; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Manubaran; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1970. "Notes on the Languages of the Rigo Area of the Central District of Papua," in PL C13, 879-983.; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 2=5 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3877: Language: Maria; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 2,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Manubaran; Other Sources: Dutton, T. E. 1970. "Notes on the Languages of the Rigo Area of the Central DIstrict of Papua," in PL C13, 879-983.; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ ʔ f v s h m n ŋ r Stops: b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: f v s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 2=5, 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN nationality) GN DN N-NUM POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 3878: Language: Bariji; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Yareban; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3879: Language: Yareba; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Yareban Grammar: Weimer, Harry and Natalia Weimer. 1975. "A Short Sketch of Yareba Grammar," in SLCSEP, 667-729.; Other Sources: Weimer, Harry and Natalia Weimer. 1970. "Reduplication in Yareba," PL A23, 37-44. Weimer, Harry and Natalia Weimer. 1972. "Yareba Phonemes," Te Reo 15, 52-7. Weimer, Harry. 1972. "Yareba Verb Morphology," Te Reo 15, 58-70.; Consonant system: b th d kh ɡ dz ɸ v s m n ɾ Stops: b th d kh ɡ Affricates: dz Fricatives: ɸ v s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ b k f m Glides: j Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Diphthongs: ai ei oi au eu ou; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Noun; Number: s p Demonstratives: 2 Articles: def; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 5d=6d=4=5; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3880: Language: Doriri; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 570; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Yareban; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3881: Language: Sirio; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Northern); Population: 360; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Yareban; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3882: Language: Abia; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (C Central); Population: 580; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Yareban; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3883: Language: Magi Alternate Name: Mailu; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 4,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan Grammar: Thomson, N. P. 1975. "Magi Phonology and Grammar--Fifty Years Afterwards," in SLCSEP, 599-666.; Other Sources: ANLGS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ (v) (s) m n l Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: (v) (s) Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ae ai ao au ei oe oi ou; Syllable: (C)V Stress: penult; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl for relations, friends + 'child' & 'people' Demonstratives: 3 Articles: indef: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3884: Language: Domu; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 480; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3885: Language: Morawa; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 750; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3886: Language: Binahari; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 770; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3887: Language: Bauwaki; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3888: Language: Laua Alternate Name: Labu; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 50; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Mailuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3889: Language: Onjob; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Northern); Population: 160; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3890: Language: Maiwa; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 1,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3891: Language: Jimajima Alternate Name: Dima; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 540; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3892: Language: Daga; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (S Central); Population: 5,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan Grammar: Murane, Elizabeth. 1974. Daga Grammar. SIL 43; Other Sources: ANLGS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v s m n ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Noun; Number: s p Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS N+A+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3893: Language: Mapena; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3894: Language: Turaka; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3895: Language: Gwedena Alternate Name: Umanakaina; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3896: Language: Ginuman; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 770; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3897: Language: Sona; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (W Milne Bay); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eastern: Dagan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3898: Language: Sinsauru; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 480; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Evapia; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3899: Language: Asas; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Evapia; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3900: Language: Sausi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 440; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Evapia; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3901: Language: Kesawai; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 530; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Evapia; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3902: Language: Dumpu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Evapia; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3903: Language: Arawum; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 75; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Kabenau; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3904: Language: Kolom; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 210; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Kabenau; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3905: Language: Siroi Alternate Name: Suroi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Kabenau Grammar: Wells, Margaret A. 1979. Siroi Grammar. PL B51.; Other Sources: Claassen, O. R. and K. A. McElhanon. 1970. "Languages of the Finisterre Range-New Guinea," PL A23, 45-75.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ɡ̌ f s m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: ɡ̌ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: second syllable of stem Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N(1,4)/N-POSS(2,3,5,6) N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3906: Language: Lemio; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 175; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Kabenau; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3907: Language: Pulabu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 120; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Kabenau; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3908: Language: Yabong; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 370; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Yaganon; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3909: Language: Ganglau; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Yaganon; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3910: Language: Dumun; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 40; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Yaganon; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3911: Language: Saep; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 580; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Yaganon; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3912: Language: Usino; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 1,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Peka; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3913: Language: Sumau; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 2,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Peka; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3914: Language: Urigina; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 1,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Peka; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3915: Language: Danaru; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 115; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Peka; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3916: Language: Usu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 90; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3917: Language: Erima Alternate Name: Ogea; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3918: Language: Duduela; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 680; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3919: Language: Kwato; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 750; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3920: Language: Rerau; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 230; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3921: Language: Jilim; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 410; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3922: Language: Yangulam; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 180; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Nuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3923: Language: Bom Alternate Name: Anjam; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Mindjim; Other Sources: E WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3924: Language: Male; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 390; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Mindjim; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 3

~~Number:~~ 3925: Language: Bongu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 410; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Mindjim; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3926: Language: Songum; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 330; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Rai Coast: Mindjim; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3927: Language: Kare; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3928: Language: Girawa; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 3,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Kokon; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3929: Language: Munit; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 340; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Kokon; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3930: Language: Bemal Alternate Name: Kein; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 640; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Kokon; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3931: Language: Sihan; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 310; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3932: Language: Gumalu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3933: Language: Isebe; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 840; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3934: Language: Amele; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3935: Language: Bau; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3936: Language: Panim; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Gum; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3937: Language: Rapting; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3938: Language: Wamas; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 135; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3939: Language: Samosa; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 95; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3940: Language: Murupi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 310; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3941: Language: Saruga; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3942: Language: Nake; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 190; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3943: Language: Mosimo; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 60; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3944: Language: Garus; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 2,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3945: Language: Yoidik; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3946: Language: Rempi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3947: Language: Bagupi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 50; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3948: Language: Silopi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 140; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3949: Language: Utu; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 580; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3950: Language: Mawan; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3951: Language: Baimak; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 440; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3952: Language: Matepi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 240; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3953: Language: Gal; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3954: Language: Garuh Alternate Name: Nobonob; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Other Sources: E WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3955: Language: Kamba Alternate Name: Wagi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 890; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Madang: Mabuso: Hanseman; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3956: Language: Mugil Alternate Name: Saker, Bargam; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 2,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 3957: Language: Amaimon; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3958: Language: Wasembo; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NW Morobe); Population: 475; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Noun; Number: s d p; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN N-POSS/(POSS-N); Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3959: Language: Pay Alternate Name: Mala; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (N Madang); Population: 770; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kaukombaran; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3960: Language: Pila; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (N Madang); Population: 670; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kaukombaran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3961: Language: Saki; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (N Madang); Population: 2,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kaukombaran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3962: Language: Tani; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (N Madang); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kaukombaran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3963: Language: Ulingan; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (N Madang); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kumilan; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3964: Language: Bepour; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 60; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kumilan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3965: Language: Moere; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 60; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Kumilan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3966: Language: Kowaki; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 30; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Tiboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3967: Language: Mawak; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 30; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Tiboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3968: Language: Hinihon; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Tiboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3969: Language: Musar; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 680; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Tiboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3970: Language: Wanambre; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 490; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Tiboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3971: Language: Koguman; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 760; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3972: Language: Abasakur; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 670; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3973: Language: Wanuma Alternate Name: Usan; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 1,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3974: Language: Yaben; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3975: Language: Yarawata; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3976: Language: Bilakura; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (E Madang); Population: 35; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3977: Language: Parawen; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 430; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3978: Language: Ukuriguma; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (EC Madang); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Pihom: Omosan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3979: Language: Dimir; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Isumrud; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3980: Language: Korak; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Isumrud: Kowan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3981: Language: Waskia; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (Madang, N Karkar Is); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Isumrud: Kowan Grammar: GD: Ross, Malcolm and John Natu Paol. 1978. A Waskia Grammar Sketch and Vocabulary. PL B56.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: final Demonstratives: 3 Articles: def; Pronouns: 1 (4d) 4 2 (5d) 5 3 (6d) 6; Syntax: SOV NA /(AN nationality) GN ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D Ergative: erg; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 3982: Language: Malas; Location: NE Papua New Guinea ( NE Madang); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Isumrud: Mabuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3983: Language: Bunabun Alternate Name: Bunubun; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NE Madang); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Isumrud: Mabuan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3984: Language: Osum; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (WC Madang); Population: 580; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3985: Language: Wadaginam; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NC Madang); Population: 550; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3986: Language: Sileibi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal: Sikan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3987: Language: Katiati; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 3,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal: Sikan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3988: Language: Pondoma; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal: Pomoikan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3989: Language: Ikundun; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NC Madang); Population: 1,050; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal: Pomoikan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3990: Language: Moresada Alternate Name: Murusapa; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NC Madang); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Josephstaal: Pomoikan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6mf

~~Number:~~ 3991: Language: Paynamar; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Wanang; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3992: Language: Atemple Alternate Name: Atemble; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 65; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Wanang: Atan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 3993: Language: Angaua Alternate Name: Nend; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Wanang: Atan; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3994: Language: Emerum; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 680; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Wanang: Emuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3995: Language: Musak; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (C Madang); Population: 360; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Wanang: Emuan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3996: Language: Isabi; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (SE Madang); Population: 280; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Brahman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3997: Language: Biyom; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (S Madang); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Brahman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 3998: Language: Tauya; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (S Madang); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Brahman; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 3999: Language: Faita; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (S Madang); Population: 60; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Madang-Adelbert Range: Adelbert Range: Brahman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4000: Language: Pawaian Dialect: Northern; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (NC Gulf); Population: 2,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Teberan-Pawaian; Other Sources: Trefry, D. 1969. A Comparative Study of Kuman and Pawaian. PL B13. Trefry, D. 1972. "Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, a Non-Austronesian Language of New Guinea," OLM 15, 106-31. LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k (ʔ) s h m n ḷ̌ Stops: p t k (ʔ) Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Laterals: ḷ̌ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (œ) ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi lo Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4 2 *3; Syntax: SOV AN/(NA only color adjectives if N is also preceded by another adjective) GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4001: Language: Dadibi Alternate Name: Daribi; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Chimbu); Population: 6,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Teberan-Pawaian; Other Sources: MacDonald, George and Georgetta MacDonald. 1974. "Dadibi Phonology," in Phonologies of Four Papua New Guinea Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 129-58. LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p ph t th k kh s h m n l Stops: p ph t th k kh Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ ? Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all Diphthongs: ai ao eo ae au oi eu ãi õu; Syllable: (C)(w)V; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 (4d) 4 2 (5d) 5 3 (6d) 6; Syntax: SOV AN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+A+N+Num; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4002: Language: Podopa Alternate Name: Folopa; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (NC Gulf); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Teberan-Pawaian; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p ph t th k kh ʔ ɸ s z h m n l r Stops: p ph t th k kh ʔ Fricatives: ɸ s z h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4003: Language: Kairi Alternate Name: Rumu; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 650; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Turama-Kikorian; Other Sources: LSGD PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f v s h m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f v s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SVO POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4004: Language: Omati; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Turama-Kikorian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4005: Language: Ikobi; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (W Gulf); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Turama-Kikorian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4006: Language: Mena; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (W Gulf); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Turama-Kikorian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4007: Language: Ipiko; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (C Gulf); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Inland Gulf; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4008: Language: Minanibai; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Inland Gulf; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ h m n r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 3=6

~~Number:~~ 4009: Language: Tao Alternate Name: Mubami; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SE Western); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Inland Gulf; Other Sources: Reesink, Ger P. 1976. "Languages of the Aramia River Area," PL A45, 1-37. E; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ v s ɣ h m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: v s ɣ h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 (5d) 5 3 (6d) 6 5=6; Syntax: SOV N-NUM

~~Number:~~ 4010: Language: Karami; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Inland Gulf; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4011: Language: Mahigi; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Inland Gulf; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4012: Language: Purari; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SC Gulf); Population: 6,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4013: Language: Tate Alternate Name: Kaki Ae; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4014: Language: Toaripi; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 20,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman: Eastern Dictionary: Brown, H. A. 1968. A Dictionary of Toaripi, 2 vols. OLM 11.; Other Sources: LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k f s h m (n) l Stops: p t k Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m (n) Laterals: l Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs triphthonɡs Stress: penult; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms Demonstratives: 2: Pronouns: 1 4d 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN) GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4015: Language: Uaripi; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4016: Language: Opao; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4017: Language: Keuro; Location: SE Papua New Guinea (SE Gulf); Population: 4,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4018: Language: Orokolo; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SC Gulf); Population: 6,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Eleman: Western; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p t k (β) h m n l Stops: p t k Fricatives: (β) h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Noun
~~Number:~~ pl suffix for kinship terms: Pronouns: 1 4d 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN) GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4019: Language: Yelmek; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Bulaka River; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ l Stops: p b t d k ɡ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ɛ Central Vowels: ɵ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4020: Language: Maklew; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Bulaka River; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s k m n ŋ l Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s k Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ɛ Central Vowels: ɵ a Back Vowels: u o; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4021: Language: Southern Kiwai; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SE Western); Population: 9,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Other Sources: LSGD PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ s m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Modified Vowels: vowel harmony Diphthongs: au ou; Syllable: (C)V; Tones: hi lo; Pronouns: 1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6; Syntax: SOV AN POSS-N Ergative: erg; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4022: Language: Wabuda; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SE Western); Population: 1,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6

~~Number:~~ 4023: Language: Bamu Kiwai Alternate Name: Buniki; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SE Western); Population: 4,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4024: Language: Morigi; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4025: Language: Kerewo; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4026: Language: Northeastern Kiwai; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (SW Gulf); Population: 3,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ β ɣ h m n ɾ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: β ɣ h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: o Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V

~~Number:~~ 4027: Language: Arigibi; Location: SC Papua New Guinea (C Gulf); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Kiwaian; Other Sources: LSGD; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ β v m n l ɾ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: β v Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (I) e (ɛ) Central Vowels: (e) a Back Vowels: u o (ʌ)

~~Number:~~ 4028: Language: Tirio; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 280; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Tirio; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4t 4 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6

~~Number:~~ 4029: Language: Aturu; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Tirio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4030: Language: Lewada; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 450; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Tirio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4031: Language: Mutum; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Tirio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4032: Language: Bine Dialect: Kunini; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 1,550; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Eastern; Other Sources: E WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4033: Language: Bine Dialect: Masingara, Masingle; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 1,550; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Eastern; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 3 6d; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4034: Language: Gizra; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Eastern; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4035: Language: Meriam Alternate Name: Meryam Mir; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Eastern; Other Sources: Bartos, George F. 1977. "Miriam Phonemes," Te Reo 20, 29-??. PLNGLS AL 8:2 WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s z m n l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s z Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ i (e) ɑ Diphthongs: ei iu ui eu ue ia ai eo au ua; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4036: Language: Agöb Alternate Name: Dabu; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Pahoturi; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1971. "Notes on the Linguistic Situation in the Trans-Fly Area," PL A28, 115-72. E WPF; Consonant system: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ v s z m n ñ ŋ l ɾ Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ Fricatives: v s z Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i œ æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV AN POSS-N Ergative: erg

~~Number:~~ 4037: Language: Idi; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Pahoturi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4038: Language: Waia; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (S Western); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Pahoturi; Other Sources: Reesink, Ger P. 1976. "Languages of the Aramia River Area," PL A45, 1-37; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ (s) h m n l Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: (s) h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 2=3 5=6

~~Number:~~ 4039: Language: Yey Alternate Name: Yei; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4040: Language: Moraori; Location: Indonesia (SE West Irian); Population: 40; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4041: Language: Nambu; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Nambu; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1971. "Notes on the Linguistic Situation in the Trans-Fly Area," PL A28, 115-72.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ kp ʔ ñɡ̌ f v θ ð s z (š) (ɣ) m n ñ ŋ l ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ kp ʔ Affricates: ñɡ̌ Fricatives: f v θ ð s z (š) (ɣ) Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: c̄ Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌ cʷ p ɡ kp ŋɡ ŋ ɣ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e œ æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u ɯ ɔ ɒ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Pronouns: 1 (4d) (4t) 4 2 (5d) (5t) 3 2=5 3=6; Syntax: AN POSS-N Ergative: erg

~~Number:~~ 4042: Language: Dorro; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 75; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Nambu; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4043: Language: Upper Morehead; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Tonda; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4044: Language: Lower Morehead; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Tonda; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4045: Language: Tonda; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Tonda; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1971. "Notes on the Linguistic Situation in the Trans-Fly Area," PL A28, 115-72.; Consonant system: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ v θ ð s z m n ñ ŋ l ɾ Stops: p b t d c ɟ k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: v θ ð s z Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɟ ɡ cʷ k m Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e œ æ Central Vowels: ǝ ɐ a Back Vowels: u ɯ ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: diphthonɡs; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3; Syntax: AN POSS-N Ergative: erg

~~Number:~~ 4046: Language: Kanum; Location: SW Papua New Guinea (SW Western); Population: 320; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Trans-Fly--Bulaka River: Trans-Fly: Morehead & Upper Maro Rivers: Tonda; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4047: Language: Kosarek Alternate Name: Yale; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4048: Language: Nipsan; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4049: Language: Nalca Alternate Name: Naltya; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph ɓ th ɗ kh ɠ ʔ s h m n ŋ l Stops: ph ɓ th ɗ kh ɠ ʔ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ o; Tones: hi-fall lo-ris

~~Number:~~ 4050: Language: Korapun; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4051: Language: Goliath Alternate Name: Una; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4052: Language: Eipo; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4053: Language: Ketengban Alternate Name: Kupel; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4054: Language: Sirkai; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4055: Language: Kinome; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Mek: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4056: Language: Anggor; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 2,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Senagi; Other Sources: Litteral, Shirley. 1972. "Orientation to Space and Participants in Anggor," PL A31, 23-44. PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ɸ s x m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: ɸ s x Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SOV NUM-N POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4057: Language: Dera; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Senagi; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ m n ŋ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Nasals: m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 3 6; Syntax: SOV AN/NA GN DN/ND NUM-N POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4058: Language: Yafi; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 170; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Pauwasi: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4059: Language: Emumu; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Pauwasi: Eastern; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4060: Language: Dubu; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 130; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Pauwasi: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4061: Language: Towei; Location: Indonesia (EC West Irian); Population: 115; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Pauwasi: Western; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4062: Language: Waris; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 3,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ f s x m n ŋ l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e (ɛ) Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3; Syntax: SOV NA POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4063: Language: Manem Alternate Name: Wembi; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (y) e (ø) Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA N-NUM POSS-N(4,5,6)/N-POSS(1,2,3); Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4064: Language: Senggi; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 120; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4065: Language: Waina; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4066: Language: Daonda; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 135; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4067: Language: Simog; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4068: Language: Amanab; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 3,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Waris; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4069: Language: Awyi; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 250; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Taikat; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ f s m n ŋ ľ Stops: ph mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ľ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e (ɛ) Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C); Syntax: SOV NA N-NUM N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4070: Language: Taikat; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Taikat; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea," PL A28, 47-114. PLNGLS; Consonant system: ph b th d kh ɡ f s m n ŋ ɾ Stops: ph b th d kh ɡ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e (ɛ) Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SOV N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4071: Language: Pagi; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Bewani; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4072: Language: Kilmeri; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 1,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Bewani; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4073: Language: Ninggera; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Border: Bewani; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4074: Language: Turu; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4075: Language: Mawes; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4076: Language: Uria Alternate Name: Orya; Location: Indonesia (C West Irian); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4077: Language: Baburiwa; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4078: Language: Taogwe; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4079: Language: Taori-Kei; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4080: Language: Tori Aikwakai; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4081: Language: Papasena; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4082: Language: Weretai; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4083: Language: Taori-So; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Central Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4084: Language: Taworta; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: East Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4085: Language: Dabra; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: East Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4086: Language: Foau; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: East Lake Plain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4087: Language: Berik; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4088: Language: Bonerif; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4089: Language: Mander; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4090: Language: Itik; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4091: Language: Kwesten; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4092: Language: Maremgi; Location: Indonesia (NC West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4093: Language: Wares; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Northern: Tor--Lake Plain: Tor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4094: Language: Mekwei; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Nimboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4095: Language: Kemtuk; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Nimboran; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4096: Language: Nimboran; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Nimboran; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s h m n ŋ ɾ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o Stress: phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4i 2 3; Syntax: POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4097: Language: Sause; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kaure; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4098: Language: Kapori; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kaure; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4099: Language: Kaure; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kaure; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4100: Language: Narau; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kaure; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4101: Language: Kosare; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kaure; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4102: Language: Barau; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, N Bomberai Peninsula); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4103: Language: Arandai; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, SC Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4104: Language: Tarof; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4105: Language: Kasuweri; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4106: Language: Puragi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6 4i=5

~~Number:~~ 4107: Language: Kampong Baru; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: South Bird's Head Proper; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4108: Language: Inanwatan; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: Inanwatan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4109: Language: Duriankere; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: Inanwatan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4110: Language: Konda; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: Konda-Yahadian; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4111: Language: Yahadian; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, S Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: South Bird's Head: Konda-Yahadian; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4112: Language: Kimaghama Alternate Name: Kimaghama; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian, E Kolopom Is); Population: 2,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kolopom; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ β ɣ m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: β ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ø ɛ Back Vowels: u o ɑ Stress: phonemic ?; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4113: Language: Riantana; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian, N Kolopom Is); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kolopom; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ β m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: β Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: ɵ Back Vowels: u o ɑ; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4114: Language: Ndom; Location: Indonesia (S West Irian, W Kolopom Is); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Kolopom; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: b t d k ɡ f θ s x m n r Stops: b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f θ s x Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: ɵ Back Vowels: u o ɑ Stress: final; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4115: Language: Oirata; Location: Indonesia (Kisar Island); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4116: Language: Lovaea; Location: Indonesia (NE Timor Is.); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Other Sources: Capell, A. 1972. "Portuguese Timor: Two More Non-Austronesian Languages," OLM 15, 95-104.; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 ? 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4117: Language: Fataluku; Location: Indonesia (NE Timor Is); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Other Sources: Capell, A. 1972. "Portuguese Timor : Two More Non-Austronesian Languages," OLM 15, 95-104.; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4118: Language: Kairui; Location: Indonesia (NE Timor Is.); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4119: Language: Bunak; Location: Indonesia (C Timor Is); Population: 80,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4120: Language: Kolana; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 8,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4121: Language: Tanglapui; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4122: Language: Makasai; Location: Indonesia (NE Timor Is); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4123: Language: Kui; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4124: Language: Woisika Dialect: Aleita; Location: Indonesia (C Alor Is.); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Other Sources: Kamengmai, L. L. and W. A. L. Stokhof. 1978. "Woisika Text," MSILI 5, 34-57.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ f s h m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: c̄ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ Modified Vowels: v̱ (tense) all There is a tense/lax distinction for all five vowels. Diphthongs: ae ao Stress: phonemic ? Demonstratives: 4: (3 + that near you) + ref Articles: def; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6 3=6; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: (PREP)/POST

~~Number:~~ 4125: Language: Abui; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4126: Language: Kelon; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4127: Language: Kafoa; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4128: Language: Kabola; Location: Indonesia (Alor Is.); Population: 7,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Alor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4129: Language: Blagar; Location: Indonesia (Pantar Is.); Population: 11,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Pantar; Other Sources: Steinhauer, H. 1977. " 'Going' and 'Coming' in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura-Alor-Indonesia)," MSILI 3, 38-48.; Consonant system: p b ɓ t d k ɡ ʔ v s z h m n ŋ l r Stops: p b ɓ t d k ɡ ʔ Fricatives: v s z h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Stress: penult Demonstratives: ref; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4130: Language: Tewa; Location: Indonesia (Pantar Is.); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4131: Language: Nedebang; Location: Indonesia (Pantar Is.); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4132: Language: Lamma; Location: Indonesia (Pantar Is.); Population: 10,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Timor-Alor-Pantar: Alor-Pantar: Pantar; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4133: Language: Amberbaken Alternate Name: Mpur; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, N Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4134: Language: Karon Pantai Alternate Name: Abun; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, N Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: North-Central: North; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4135: Language: Madik; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, N Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: North-Central: North; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4136: Language: Karon Dori; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, C Bird's Head Peninsula); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: North-Central: Central; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6

~~Number:~~ 4137: Language: Brat Alternate Name: Maybrat; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, C Bird's Head Peninsula); Population: 15,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: North-Central: Central; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4138: Language: Kuwani; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4139: Language: Tehit; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4140: Language: Kalabra; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4141: Language: Seget; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4142: Language: Moi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4143: Language: Moraid; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, W Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Bird's Head: West; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4144: Language: Borai; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, NE Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Borai-Hattam; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4145: Language: Hattam; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, NE Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Borai-Hattam; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4146: Language: Ternate; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: South; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4147: Language: Tidore; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: South; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4148: Language: Galela; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4149: Language: Tobelo; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4150: Language: Loda; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4151: Language: Ibu; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4152: Language: Sahu; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4153: Language: Modole; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4154: Language: Tabaru; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4155: Language: Pagu; Location: Indonesia (N Halmahera Is); Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4156: Language: West Makian; Location: Indonesia (Makian Is); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: West Papuan: Northern Halmahera: North; Other Sources: Watuseke, F. S. 1976. "West Makian, a Language of the North Halmahera Group of the West-Irian Phylum," AL 18, 274-85. WALS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ʔ č ɡ̌ f s m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ ʔ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: ʋ o Long Vowels: v̄ a o; Syntax: SVO POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4157: Language: Mantion Alternate Name: Sougb; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, SE Bird's Head Peninsula); Population: 12,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Bird's Head; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SVO NA DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4158: Language: Meax; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, E Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Bird's Head; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SVO N-POSS; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4159: Language: Meningo; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian, E Bird's Head Peninsula); Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Bird's Head; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4160: Language: Yava Dialect: Mantembu; Location: Indonesia (C Yapen Is); Population: 4,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Geelvink Bay; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4ie 2 5 3mf 6

~~Number:~~ 4161: Language: Turunggare; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Geelvink Bay; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6 1=21 and 22=3; there are two 2 pronouns, one is the same as 1 while the other is the same as 3.

~~Number:~~ 4162: Language: Baropasi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Geelvink Bay; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6

~~Number:~~ 4163: Language: Bauzi; Location: Indonesia (NW West Irian); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Geelvink Bay; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4164: Language: Bapu; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Geelvink Bay; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4165: Language: Sko; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Vanimo; Other Sources: Voorhoeve, C. L. 1971. "Miscellaneous Notes on Language in West Irian New Guinea" PL A28, 47-114.; Consonant system: p b t k f h m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t k Fricatives: f h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Syllable: (C)V(C); Tones: hi-fall mid-fall mid-ris; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4166: Language: Sangke; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Vanimo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4167: Language: Wutung; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 410; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Vanimo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4168: Language: Vanimo Alternate Name: Dumo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 1,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Vanimo; Other Sources: PLNGLS WALS WPF; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ v s h m n ñ ŋ l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: v s h Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Glides: j Front Vowels: i y e ø Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Nasal Vowels: ṽ all; Tones: tones; Pronouns: 1 4dim 4demf 4 2 5dmf 5 3mf 6dmfc 6mfc (1) there are two 4de forms: he & I, she & I (2) there are two 5d forms: thou & he, thou & she; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4169: Language: Krisa Alternate Name: I'saka; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Krisa; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4170: Language: Rawo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 510; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Krisa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4171: Language: Puari; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 370; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Krisa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4172: Language: Warapu; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sko: Krisa; Other Sources: Laycock, Don. 1973. "Sissano, Warapu, and Melanesian Pidginization," OL 12, 245-77.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ (ʔ) (v) (x) m n r Stops: p b t d k ɡ (ʔ) Fricatives: (v) (x) Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4173: Language: Pyu; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kwomtari-Baibai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4174: Language: Kwomtari; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 820; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kwomtari-Baibai: Kwomtari; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4175: Language: Fas; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 1,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kwomtari-Baibai: Kwomtari; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4176: Language: Baibai; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 270; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kwomtari-Baibai: Baibai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4177: Language: Biaka; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NW West Sepik); Population: 450; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Kwomtari-Baibai: Baibai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4178: Language: Rocky Peak; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 275; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Other Sources: Conrad, Robert and Wayne Dye. 1975. "Some Language Relationships in the Upper Sepik Region of Papua New Guinea," in PL A40, 1-35.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɸ s h m n l Stops: p b t d k Fricatives: ɸ s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ; Syllable: (C)V

~~Number:~~ 4179: Language: Iteri; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 90; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4180: Language: Bo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 175; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4181: Language: Ama; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4182: Language: Nimo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 410; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4183: Language: Owiniga; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Arai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4184: Language: Amto; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 230; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Amto-Musian; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4185: Language: Musian; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 75; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Amto-Musian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4186: Language: Urim; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 2,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4187: Language: One; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: West Wapei; Other Sources: Laycock, Donald C. 1968. "Language of the Lumi Sub-District (West Sepik District, New Guinea)," OL 7, 36-66. WALS; Consonant system: p t k m n l r Stops: p t k Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4188: Language: Seta; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 155; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: West Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4189: Language: Seti; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (N West Sepik); Population: 115; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: West Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4190: Language: Urat; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 4,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4191: Language: Yis; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 490; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4192: Language: Yau; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 140; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4193: Language: Olo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 10,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p t k f s m n ŋ l r Stops: p t k Fricatives: f s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ʋ ɔ; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C); Noun; Number: s p; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5dmf 5 3mf 6dmf 6; Syntax: SVO NA/(AN) N-NUM N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4194: Language: Elkei; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 1,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: Laycock, Donald C. 1968. "Language of the Lumi Sub-District (West Sepik District, New Guinea), OL 7, 36-66.; Consonant system: p t k m n ŋ l r Stops: p t k Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i (y) e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Noun; Number: s p

~~Number:~~ 4195: Language: Au; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: Scorza, David. 1973. "Sentence Structures of the Au Language," in Three Studies in Sentence Structure, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 165-246.; Consonant system: p t k s ɣ m n ɾ Stops: p t k Fricatives: s ɣ Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Gender: m f n; Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4196: Language: Yil; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 2,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: Martens, Mary and Salme Tuominen. 1977. "A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik District," in Phonologies of Five P.N.G. Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 29-48.; Consonant system: p t k s ɣ m n ŋ l r Stops: p t k Fricatives: s ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Diphthongs: ai au ay ei; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C) [No ccvcc] Stress: initial; Syntax: ND; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4197: Language: Alu; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 1,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4198: Language: Ningil; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 520; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: Manning, Margaret and Naomi Saggers. 1977. "A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik District," in Phonologies of Five P.N.G. Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 49-71.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ ɸ s ɣ m n ŋ l r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: ɸ s ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u (ɔ); Syllable: CV(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s p

~~Number:~~ 4199: Language: Gnau; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4200: Language: Galu; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 210; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4201: Language: Yapunda; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 70; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4202: Language: Valman Alternate Name: Walman; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Wapei; Other Sources: WALS WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3mf 6; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4203: Language: Nambi; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 480; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4204: Language: Agi; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 670; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4205: Language: Aruop; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 330; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4206: Language: Kayik; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 770; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Other Sources: Laycock, Donald C. 1968. "Language of the Lumi Sub-District (West Sepik District, New Guinea), OL 7, 36-66.; Consonant system: p t k f s x m n ŋ r Stops: p t k Fricatives: f s x Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 4207: Language: Aiku; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 820; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4208: Language: Bragat; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 350; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4209: Language: Aru; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 125; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Wapei-Palei: Palei; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4210: Language: Laeko; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4211: Language: Beli; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 1,240; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4212: Language: Wiaki; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 560; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4213: Language: Siliput; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai: Maimai Proper; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4214: Language: Yahang; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai: Maimai Proper; Other Sources: Laycock, Donald C. 1968. "Language of the Lumi Sub-District (West Sepik District, New Guinea), OL 7, 36-66.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ f s h ? l r Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: ? Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ʉ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 4215: Language: Heyo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 1,870; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Maimai: Maimai Proper; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4216: Language: Eitiep; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 390; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4217: Language: Lou; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 950; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4218: Language: Kombio; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 2,150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4219: Language: Yambes; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 860; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4220: Language: Aruek; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE West Sepik); Population: 610; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4221: Language: Wom; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 1,880; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Kombio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4222: Language: Mountain Arapesh Alternate Name: Bukiyip; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 10,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Arapesh; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4223: Language: Southern Arapesh Alternate Name: Mufian; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 10,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Arapesh; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4224: Language: Bumbita; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 2,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Kombio-Arapesh: Arapesh; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4225: Language: Bungain; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4226: Language: Mandi; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 160; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4227: Language: Muniwara; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 830; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4228: Language: Urimo; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 830; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4229: Language: Kamasau; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 790; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4230: Language: Elepi; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 150; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4231: Language: Buna; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 1,260; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Marienberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4232: Language: Monumbo; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 450; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Monumbo; Other Sources: Höltker, Georg. 1964. "Zur Sprache der Monumbo-Papua in Nordost-Neuguinea," Anthropos 59, 860-903. WPF; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ kp q ts (dz) β (ɣ) m n l r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ kp q Affricates: ts (dz) Fricatives: β (ɣ) Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mfjH 6dmfjn 6mfjn j=juvenile, H=non-human 6f=6j=6H

~~Number:~~ 4233: Language: Lilau; Location: NE Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 410; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Toricelli: Monumbo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4234: Language: Gapun; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 75; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4235: Language: Biksi; Location: Indonesia (NE West Irian); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ɸ β s m n ŋ l r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: ɸ β s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: AN

~~Number:~~ 4236: Language: Abau; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (WC West Sepik); Population: 4,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Upper Sepik; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. "Three Upper Sepik Phonologies," OL 4, 113-8. PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system: p k s h m n r Stops: p k Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s p; Noun Classes: 12: human, animate, round objects, pointed objects, geographical terms, flat objects + 6 others; Gender: m f [All nouns are m or f; the 12 noun classes cross out this basic distinction.]; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 5d=6d, 5=6; Syntax: SOV; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4237: Language: Iwam; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 3,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Upper Sepik: Iwam; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. "Three Upper Sepik Phonologies," OL 4, 113-8. Conrad, Robert J. 1972. "Distribution and Internal Structure of Some Iwam Noun Phrases," Linguistics 79, 5-30. Conrad, Robert J. 1976. "Batteries of Transformations in May River Iwam," Linguistics 184, 4-44. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k s h m n ɾ Stops: p t k Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Stress: initial; Noun Classes: 5: human male, human female + 3 others; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN N-NUM POSS-N D+N+A+NUM

~~Number:~~ 4238: Language: Amal; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 390; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Upper Sepik: Iwam; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4239: Language: Wogamusin; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 370; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Upper Sepik: Wogamusin; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. "Three Upper Sepik Phonologies," OL 4, 113-8. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ s h m n ŋ ľ Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: ľ Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Stress: final; Noun
~~Number:~~ [pl suffix for kinship terms]: Noun Classes: 5: human, animate, plants + 2 others; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: NA POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4240: Language: Chenapian; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 190; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Upper Sepik: Wogamusin; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ñɡ̌ s h m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: ñɡ̌ Fricatives: s h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ ɡ̌ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Noun Classes: 5: human, anim plants + 2 others; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: NA POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4241: Language: Karawa; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 45; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Ram; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4242: Language: Bouye; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 520; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Ram; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4243: Language: Autu Alternate Name: Awtuw; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (NC West Sepik); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Ram; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4244: Language: Kalou; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 820; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Tama; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4245: Language: Pasi; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 160; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Tama; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4246: Language: Pahi; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 540; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Tama; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4247: Language: Mehek; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 3,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Tama; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: mb t nd k ŋɡ f s h m n l r Stops: mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Noun; Number: s d p; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: NA; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4248: Language: Mayo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Tama; Other Sources: Foreman, Velma and Helen Marten. 1973. "Yessan-Mayo Phonemes," in Phonologies of Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 37-78. PLNGLS; Consonant system: mb th nd kh ŋɡ ɸ s h m n l ɾ Stops: mb th nd kh ŋɡ Fricatives: ɸ s h Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ kh ŋɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)V(G)(C) Stress: on first syllable containing a; if no a, then initial; Gender: m f; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4249: Language: Namie Alternate Name: Namia; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 3,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Yellow River; Other Sources: PLNGLS SOV; Consonant system: p b t c k ɡ m n l Stops: p b t c k ɡ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ a; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA

~~Number:~~ 4250: Language: Ak; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 85; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Yellow River; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4251: Language: Awun; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (C West Sepik); Population: 380; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Yellow River; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4252: Language: Yerakai; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 390; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4253: Language: Kwoma Alternate Name: Washkuk; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 2,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Nukuma Grammar: Kooyers, Orneal. 1974. "Washkuk Grammar Sketch," in Grammatical Studies in Three Languages of Papua New Guinea, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-74.; Other Sources: Kooyers, Orneal, Martha Kooyers and Darlene Bee. 1971. "The Phonemes of Washkuk (Kwoma)," Te Reo 14, 36-41. PLNGLS WPF; Consonant system: mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ č ñ̃ɡ̌ ɸ β s š h m n ñ ɾ Stops: mb t nd k ŋɡ ʔ Affricates: č ñ̃ɡ̌ Fricatives: ɸ β s š h Nasals: m n ñ Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ mb k ŋɡ ɸ m Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: CV(C) Demonstratives: 2 + ref; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 4d=5d, 4=5; Syntax: SOV AN/(NA) GN DN NUM-N/(N-NUM) POSS-N D+NUM+A+N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4254: Language: Kwanga; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 13,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Nukuma; Other Sources: PLNGLS E; Consonant system: p t k č f s š h m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p t k Affricates: č Fricatives: f s š h Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 4d=5d; Syntax: OSV N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4255: Language: Ngala; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 140; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Language Family. PL C1.; Consonant system: p b t k ɡ č ɡ̌ f m n ñ l r Stops: p b t k ɡ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: f Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u; Pronouns: 1mf 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 2f=3f; Syntax: SOV N-NUM; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4256: Language: Manambu; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 2,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: Allen, Janice D. and Phyllis W. Hurd. 1972. "Manambu Phonemes," Te Reo 15, 36-44.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ñɡ̌ v s m n ñ l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ñɡ̌ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cʷ p mb k ŋɡ m Glides: j w Central Vowels: ɨ a Long Vowels: v̄ a only (= aʔa); Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV GN DN N-NUM POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4257: Language: Kaunga; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 230; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Language Family. PL C1.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ č ñɡ̌ β m n ñ l r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: č ñɡ̌ Fricatives: β Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4258: Language: Abelam Alternate Name: Ambulas; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW East Sepik); Population: 39,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu Grammar: Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Language Family. PL C1.; Other Sources: Wilson, Patricia R. 1973. "Abulas Sentences" in Three Studies in Sentence Structure, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 21-164. Wilson, Patricia. 1976. "Abulas Dialect Survey," in Surveys in Five P.N.G. Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 51-79. PLNGLS E; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ñɡ̌ β s m n ñ ŋ l r Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ñɡ̌ Fricatives: β s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ a only; Syllable: (C)(G)V(C) Demonstratives: 3 Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: OSV NA(AN) GN DN NUM-N/N-NUM POSS-N D+A+N+NUM; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4259: Language: Boiken; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 31,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: Freudenburg, Allen and Marlene Freudenburg. 1974. "Boiken Phonemes," in Phonologies of Four Papua New Guinea Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 45-96. Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Language Family. PL C1.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ t̪s ɸ s x ɣ m n l r Stops: p t k ʔ Affricates: t̪s Fricatives: ɸ s x ɣ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: cj (n̪) l̪ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɒ; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C) Stress: initial; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV GN DN N-NUM; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4260: Language: Sawos; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NC East Sepik); Population: 9,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4261: Language: Iatmul; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 9,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: Laycock, D. C. 1965. The Ndu Language Family. PL C1. Staalsen, Philip. 1966. "The Phonemes of Iatmul" PL A7, 69-76. Staalsen, Philip. 1972. "Clause Relationships in Iatmul" PL A31, 45-69. Staalsen, Philip. 1969. "The Dialects of Iatmul," PL A22, 69-84. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ ndz β s ɣ m n ñ l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Affricates: ndz Fricatives: β s ɣ Nasals: m n ñ Laterals: l Glides: j w Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ Long Vowels: v̄ a only; Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C) [ no CCVCC or CCCVCC] Stress: non-phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2mf 5d 5 3mf 6d 6 5d=6d; Syntax: SOV AN NUM-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4262: Language: Kwasengen Alternate Name: Hanga Hundi; Location: PNG (East Sepik); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Middle Sepik: Ndu; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4263: Language: Sanio Alternate Name: Saniyo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 640; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Other Sources: Lewis, R. K. 1972 "Sanio-Hiowe Paragraph Structure," PL A31, 1-9. Lewis, Sandra C. 1972. "Sanio-Hiowe Verb Phrases," PL A31, 11-22.; Consonant system: p t k ʔ f s h m n ɾ Stops: p t k ʔ Fricatives: f s h Nasals: m n Vibrants: ɾ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4264: Language: Paka; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4265: Language: Gabiano Alternate Name: Niksek; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4266: Language: Piame; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4267: Language: Bikaru; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4268: Language: Hewa Dialect: Yoliapi; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (NW Western Highlands); Population: 1,000 (150); Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Sanio; Other Sources: Cochran, Anne. 1968. "Notes on Yoliapi," Kivung 1, 134-45.; Consonant system: p t k ɸ β s x ɣ m n l r Stops: p t k Fricatives: ɸ β s x ɣ Nasals: m n Laterals: l Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u ɔ Stress: phonemic; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA/(AN [in locative phrases]) GN ND/(DN [in locative phrases]) N-NUM N-POSS/(POSS-N [with kinship nouns in locative phrases]) N+A+Num+D; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4269: Language: Bitara; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (EC West Sepik); Population: 180; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4270: Language: Bahinemo; Location: NW Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 430; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Other Sources: Longacre, Robert E. 1972. Hierarchy and Universality of Discourse Constituents in New Guinea Languages: Texts. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ Press.; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV NA GN ND N-NUM N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4271: Language: Mari; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (SE West Sepik); Population: 120; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4272: Language: Bisis; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4273: Language: Watakataui; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 160; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4274: Language: Kapriman Alternate Name: Sare; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 1,400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4275: Language: Sumariup; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 65; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Bahinemo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4276: Language: Kaningara; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 360; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Alamblak; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4277: Language: Alamblak; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Sepik: Sepik Hill: Alamblak Grammar: Bruce, Leslie P., Jr. 1979. A Grammar of Alamblak (Papua New Guinea). Canberra: Australian National University Diss.; Other Sources: Bruce, Leslie P., Jr. 1975. "Alamblak Alveopalatals - Dead Portmanteaus," PL A40, 91-102.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ č ɡ̌ f s š h m n ñ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Affricates: č ɡ̌ Fricatives: f s š h Nasals: m n ñ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Syllable: (C)(C)(C)V(C)(C); Noun
Number: s d p Demonstratives: 2: Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN/(NA) GN DN NUM-N POSS-N; Noun Incorporation: noun incorp; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4278: Language: Walio; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 140; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Walio; Consonant system:; Noun Classes: yes

~~Number:~~ 4279: Language: Pai; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 210; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Walio; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Noun Classes: yes; Syntax: NA

~~Number:~~ 4280: Language: Yabio; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Walio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4281: Language: Tuwari; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 120; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Walio; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4282: Language: Papi; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 75; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Papi; Consonant system:; Noun Classes: yes

~~Number:~~ 4283: Language: Duranmin; Location: WC Papua New Guinea (SC West Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Leonard Schultze: Papi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4284: Language: Murik; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Nor Grammar: GD: Schmidt, Josef, 1953. Vokabular und Grammatik der Murik-Sprache in Nordost-Neuguinea. Posieux, Switzerland: Anthropos Institut.; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4285: Language: Kopar; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 230; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Nor; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4286: Language: Chambri; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (WC East Sepik); Population: 1,050; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Pondo; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p b t d ɟ k ɡ s m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d ɟ k ɡ Fricatives: s Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u ɔ; Noun
Number: s d p: Noun Classes: yes; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA

~~Number:~~ 4287: Language: Yimas; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (SC East Sepik); Population: 200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Pondo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4288: Language: Karawari; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (SC East Sepik); Population: 1,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Pondo; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4289: Language: Angoram; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 6,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Nor-Pondo: Pondo; Other Sources: Litteral, Shirley. 1972. "Orientation to Space and Participants in Anggor," PL A31, 23-44.; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ ɸ s x m n ŋ r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: ɸ s x Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Modified Consonants: Nc b d ɡ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ɨ a Back Vowels: u o; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4290: Language: Langam; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 250; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Mongol-Langam; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4291: Language: Mongol; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 340; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Mongol-Langam; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4292: Language: Yaul; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 810; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Mongol-Langam; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4293: Language: Maramba; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4294: Language: Changriwa; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba: Yuat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4295: Language: Mekmek; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 1,040; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba: Yuat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4296: Language: Miyak; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 580; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba: Yuat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4297: Language: Biwat; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 1,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba: Yuat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4298: Language: Bun; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 190; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Yuat-Maramba: Yuat; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4299: Language: Waibuk Alternate Name: Haruai; Location: C Papua New Guinea (NE Western Highlands); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Waibuk; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4300: Language: Aramo; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Waibuk; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4301: Language: Pinai; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SC East Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Waibuk; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4302: Language: Wapi; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Yuat-Waibuk: Waibuk; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4303: Language: Banaro Alternate Name: Banaro; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (SE East Sepik); Population: 2,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Grass; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4304: Language: Kambot; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (C East Sepik); Population: 5,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Grass; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd ñ̃ɟ k ŋɡ v s m n ñ ŋ r Stops: p mb t nd ñ̃ɟ k ŋɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o; Pronouns: 1 (4die) 4 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SOV NA ND POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4305: Language: Aion Alternate Name: Ambakich; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 770; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Grass; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4306: Language: Adjora; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NE East Sepik); Population: 2,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Grass; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4307: Language: Gorovu; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (E East Sepik); Population: 50; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Grass; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4308: Language: Alfendio; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S East Sepik); Population: 630; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Arafundi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4309: Language: Meakambut; Location: C Papua New Guinea (S East Sepik); Population: 100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Arafundi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4310: Language: Rao; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 5,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Annaberg; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SOV

~~Number:~~ 4311: Language: Anor; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 570; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Annaberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4312: Language: Aiome; Location: C Papua New Guinea (SW Madang); Population: 830; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Annaberg; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4313: Language: Watam; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 370; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Ottilien; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4314: Language: Gamei Alternate Name: Borei; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Ottilien; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 ? ?

~~Number:~~ 4315: Language: Kaian; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 280; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Ottilien; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4316: Language: Bosman Alternate Name: Bosngun; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 760; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Ottilien; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4317: Language: Awar Alternate Name: Nubia; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 530; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Ottilien; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4318: Language: Giri Alternate Name: Kire; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 1,800; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Misegian; Other Sources: Stanhope, John M. 1972. "The Language of the Kire People, Bogia, Madang District, New Guinea," Anthropos 67, 49-71.; Consonant system: p ph b t th d k kh ɡ ʔ f v s z h m n ŋ r Stops: p ph b t th d k kh ɡ ʔ Fricatives: f v s z h Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Glides: (j) w Front Vowels: I ø ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: ʋ ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ all Nasal Vowels: ṽ a ɛ ...; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C) Stress: on first vowel after first consonant; Noun
Number: s d p: Noun Classes: noun classes Demonstratives: 3; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4319: Language: Sepen; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 430; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Misegian; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4320: Language: Mikarew Alternate Name: Makarub; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 5,900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Ruboni: Misegian; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4321: Language: Andarum; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 720; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Ataitan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4322: Language: Igom; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Ataitan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4323: Language: Tangu Alternate Name: Tanggum; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 2,700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Ataitan; Other Sources: WPF; Consonant system:; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6

~~Number:~~ 4324: Language: Tanguat; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 510; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Ataitan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4325: Language: Romkun; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 390; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4326: Language: Breri; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4327: Language: Kominimung; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 330; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4328: Language: Igana; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 115; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4329: Language: Akrukay; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 190; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4330: Language: Itutang; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (NW Madang); Population: 220; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4331: Language: Midsivindi; Location: NC Papua New Guinea (W Madang); Population: 690; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Sepik-Ramu: Ramu: Ramu Proper: Goam: Tamolan; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4332: Language: Yele Alternate Name: Yeli Dnye; Location: Papua New Guinea (Rossel Island); Population: 2,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons Grammar: Henderson, J. E. 1975. "Yeletnye, the Language of Rossel Island," in SLCSEP, 817-33.; Other Sources: Ray, Sidney H. 1938. "The Language of the Eastern Luisades Archipelago," BSOAD 9, 363-84. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb tp t nd k ŋɡ kp ŋmɡb č ñ̃ɡ̌ β ɣ m nm n ŋ ŋm l Stops: p mb tp t nd k ŋɡ kp ŋmɡb Affricates: č ñ̃ɡ̌ Fricatives: β ɣ Nasals: m nm n ŋ ŋm Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj p t l ... cʷ k ŋ mb Glides: j w Front Vowels: i I Y e ɛ æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: ʋ o ɔ ʌ ɑ Long Vowels: v̄ Nasal Vowels: ṽ v̄̃; Syllable: (C)V(C) Stress: initial; Noun; Number: s d p; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SOV NA GN N-NUM POSS-N N+A+NUM; Prep/Post: POST Comments: The vowel system appears to be phonetic rather than phonemic.

~~Number:~~ 4333: Language: Kazukuru; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Kazukuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4334: Language: Guliguli; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Kazukuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4335: Language: Dororo; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Kazukuru; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4336: Language: Bilua; Location: Solomon Is (Vella Lavella Is); Population: 4,300; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Central Solomons; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Noun; Number: s p; Gender: m f Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: AN DN NUM-N POSS-N

~~Number:~~ 4337: Language: Baniata; Location: Solomon Is (Rendova Is); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Central Solomons; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system:; Noun
Number: s d t p: Gender: m f n1 n2 [2 neuters] Articles: def indef; Pronouns: 1 4dimf 4demf 4timf 4temf 4ie 2 5dmf 5tmf 5 3mfn1n2* 6dmfn 6tmfn 6mfn [6m=6f] * there are two distinct neuters; Syntax: AN DN

~~Number:~~ 4338: Language: Lavukaleve; Location: Solomon Is (Russel Is); Population: 700; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Central Solomons; Other Sources: PLNGLS WALS; Consonant system:; Noun; Number: s d p; Gender: m f n Demonstratives: 2; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 *3mfn *6dmfn *6; Syntax: SOV NA ND N-NUM POSS-N N+A+Num+D

~~Number:~~ 4339: Language: Savosavo; Location: Solomon Is (Savo Is); Population: 950; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: Yele-Solomons: Central Solomons; Other Sources: PLNGLS; Consonant system: p mb t nd ñɟ k ŋɡ v s z ɣ m n ñ ŋ l ɾ Stops: p mb t nd ñɟ k ŋɡ Fricatives: v s z ɣ Nasals: m n ñ ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o; Noun; Number: s d p; Gender: m f Demonstratives: 2 Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4die 4ie 2 5d 5 3mf 6d 6; Syntax: SOV AN GN DN POSS-N; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4340: Language: Sulka; Location: Papua New Guinea (E New Britain); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4341: Language: Kol; Location: Papua New Guinea (E New Britain); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain; Other Sources: E; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4342: Language: Wasi; Location: Papua New Guinea (EC New Britain); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4343: Language: Anem; Location: Papua New Guinea (W New Britain); Population: 500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain; Other Sources: WALS; Consonant system:; Syntax: SVO

~~Number:~~ 4344: Language: Panaras Alternate Name: Kuot; Location: Papua New Guinea (C New Ireland); Population: 900; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain; Consonant system:; Syntax: VSO

~~Number:~~ 4345: Language: Baining; Location: Papua New Guinea (E New Britain); Population: 4,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain: Baining-Taulil; Other Sources: Parker, Jim and Diana Parker. 1974. "A Tentative Phonology of Baining," in Phonologies of Four Papua New Guinea Languages, Ukarumpa, PNG, SIL, 5-43.; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ (ʔ) s ɣ m n ŋ l ɾ Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ (ʔ) Fricatives: s ɣ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: ɾ Modified Consonants: cʷ k ŋɡ ɣ ŋ Glides: w Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all Diphthongs: ai au ɛi; Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C) [no CCVCC] lˈ Stress: non-phonemic; Noun
Number: s d p Articles: art: Syntax: SVO; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4346: Language: Taulil; Location: Papua New Guinea (E New Britain); Population: 400; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain: Baining-Taulil; Other Sources: AL 6:9; Consonant system: p b t d k ɡ v m n ŋ l r Stops: p b t d k ɡ Fricatives: v Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Vibrants: r Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o

~~Number:~~ 4347: Language: Butam; Population: extinct; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Yele-Solomons--New Britain: New Britain: Baining-Taulil; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4348: Language: Nasioi; Location: Papua New Guinea (S Bougainville); Population: 11,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: East: Nasioi; TextBooks: TD: Hurd, Conrad and Phyllis Hurd. 1966. Nasioi Language Course. Port Moresby: Dept of Information and Extension Services.; Other Sources: Hurd, Conrad and Phyllis Hurd. 1970. "Nasioi Verbs," OL 9, 37-78.; Consonant system: p b t d k ʔ m n ŋ Stops: p b t d k ʔ Nasals: m n ŋ Front Vowels: i ɛ Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V(C) Nˈ Stress: non-phonemic (initial/second); Noun; Number: s d p; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 *3mf *6; Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4349: Language: Nagovisi; Location: Papua New Guinea (S Bougainville); Population: 5,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: East: Nasioi; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4350: Language: Buin; Location: Papua New Guinea (S Bougainville); Population: 9,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: East: Buin; Other Sources: Laycock, Don. 1969. "Sublanguages in Buin: Play, Poetry, and Preservation," PL A22, 1-23. Griffin, Margie. 1970 "Buin Directionals," PL A26, 13-22. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k ɡ m n ŋ r Stops: p t k ɡ Nasals: m n ŋ Vibrants: r Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ ?; Syllable: (C)V Nˈ; Noun
Number: s d p for kinship terms: Gender: m f ... Articles: indef; Pronouns: 1 4d 4 2 5d 5 3mf 6dmf* 6mf* 4d=5d 4=5 *For groups consisting of both men and women, the feminine non-singular forms are used.; Syntax: SOV GN DN POSS-N(1)/N-POSS(2-6); Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4351: Language: Siwai; Location: Papua New Guinea (S Bougainville); Population: 6,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: East: Buin; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4352: Language: Konua; Location: Papua New Guinea (N Bougainville); Population: 1,500; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: West; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4353: Language: Keriaka; Location: Papua New Guinea (N Bougainville); Population: 1,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: West; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4354: Language: Rotokas; Location: Papua New Guinea (C Bougainville); Population: 4,000; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: West: Rotukas; Other Sources: Firchow, Irwin and Jacqueline Firchow. 1969. "An Abbreviated Phoneme Inventory," AL 11, 271-6. Firchow, Irwin B. 1971. "Rotokas Referentials," Kivung 4, 175-86. PLNGLS; Consonant system: p t k ɡ β ıThe absence of nasal phonemes in the main dialect makes this lanɡuaɡe a curiosity.ı Firchow & Firchow 1969, 271. ɾ Stops: p t k ɡ Fricatives: β Nasals: "The absence of nasal phonemes in the main dialect makes this lanɡuaɡe a curiosity." Firchow & Firchow 1969, 271. Vibrants: ɾ Front Vowels: i e Central Vowels: a Back Vowels: u o Long Vowels: v̄ all; Syllable: (C)V Stress: phonemic; Noun; Number: s d p; Pronouns: 1 4d 4ie 2 5d 5 3mfn 6dmfn 6mfn; Syntax: SOV; Prep/Post: POST

~~Number:~~ 4355: Language: Eivo; Location: Papua New Guinea (C Bougainville); Population: 1,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Bougainville: West: Rotukas; Consonant system:

~~Number:~~ 4356: Language: Aiwo Alternate Name: Reefs, Ayiwo, Nifiloe; Location: Santa Cruz Archipelago (Reef Islands); Population: 3,600; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1970. "Austronesian and the Vocabulary of Languages of the Reef and Santa Cruz Islands - A Preliminary Approach" in PL C13, 467-553. Wurm, S. A. 1972. "Notes on the Indication of Possession with Nouns in Reef and Santa Cruz Islands," PL A35, 85-113. ANLGS ML; Consonant system: p mb t nd k (kh) ŋɡ v s m n ŋ l Stops: p mb t nd k (kh) ŋɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: ? cj p nd n cʷ p mb k (ŋɡ) m ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i e æ Central Vowels: (ǝ) a Back Vowels: u o ɒ Long Vowels: v̄ Diphthongs: ej ow Stress: non-phonemic Demonstratives: 2 Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4die 4tie 4ie 2 5d 5 3 6d 6; Syntax: SVO/OVS NA ND N-POSS; Prep/Post: PREP

~~Number:~~ 4357: Language: Santa Cruz Dialect: Nelua; Location: Santa Cruz Is (N Santa Cruz Is); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1970. "Austronesian and the Vocabulary of Languages of the Reef and Santa Cruz Islands - A Preliminary Approach," in PL C13, 467-553. ML; Consonant system: p mb t nd k ŋɡ v m n ŋ l Stops: p mb t nd k ŋɡ Fricatives: v Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj t n cʷ p m Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4die 4tie 4ie 2 5d 5t 5 3 6d 6t 6; Syntax: SVO NA NG ND N-NUM N-POSS; Prep/Post: PREP Comments: The women are reported to speak differently from the men, using different words." ML, 487.

~~Number:~~ 4358: Language: Santa Cruz Dialect: Malo; Location: Santa Cruz Is (S Trevanion Is); Population: 2,200; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1970. "Austronesian and the Vocabulary of Languages of the Reef and Santa Cruz Islands - A Preliminary Approach," in PL C13, 467-553. Wurm, S. A. 1972. "Notes on the Indication of Possession with Nouns in Reef and Santa Cruz Islands," PL A35, 85-113. ANLGS; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ v s m n ŋ l Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj p (mb) k n cʷ p mb t nd k ŋɡ m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɒ Long Vowels: (v̄) Nasal Vowels: ı̃ æ̃ ǝ̃ ã ũ õ ɒ̃ Diphthongs: ej Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO/(OVS) NA N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4359: Language: Santa Cruz Dialect: Eastern Nea; Location: Santa Cruz Is (SW Santa Cruz); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1972. "Notes on the Indication of Possession with Nouns in Reef and Santa Cruz Islands," PL A35, 85-113. ANLGS; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ v s m n ŋ l Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj p nd n cʷ p mb t nd k ŋɡ m n ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø ɛ æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: (v̄) Nasal Vowels: ỹ̃ ẽ ø̃̃ ǝ̃ ã ũ ɔ̃ Diphthongs: aj ej ɛj ǝw ow ao Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO/(OVS) NA N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4360: Language: Santa Cruz Dialect: Western Nea; Location: Santa Cruz Is (SW Santa Cruz); Population: 1,100; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1970. "Austronesian and the Vocabulary of Languages of the Reef and Santa Cruz Islands - A Preliminary Approach," in PL C13, 467-553. Wurm, S. A. 1972. "Notes on the Indication of Possession with Nouns in Reef and Santa Cruz Islands," PL A35, 85-113. ANLGS; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ v s m n ŋ l Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Fricatives: v s Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj p nd n cʷ p mb t (nd) (k) ŋɡ m n (ŋ) Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø ɛ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: (v̄) Nasal Vowels: ̃ỹ ø̃ ǝ̃ ã ũ Diphthongs: aj ej ɛj ǝw ao Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO/(OVS) NA N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4361: Language: Nanggu; Location: Santa Cruz Is; Population: 250; Classification: Indo-Pacific: East Papuan: Reef Islands-Santa Cruz: Santa Cruz; Other Sources: Wurm, S. A. 1972. "Notes on the Indication of Possession with Nouns in Reef and Santa Cruz Islands," PL A35, 85-113. Wurm, S. A. 1970. "Austronesian and the Vocabulary of Languages of the Reef and Santa Cruz Islands - A Preliminary Approach" in PL C13, 467-553. ANLGS; Consonant system: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ m n ŋ l Stops: p ph mb t th nd k kh ŋɡ Nasals: m n ŋ Laterals: l Modified Consonants: cj p mb t nd m n l cʷ p mb t nd k ŋɡ m ŋ Glides: j w Front Vowels: i y e ø æ Central Vowels: ǝ a Back Vowels: u o ɔ Long Vowels: v̄ Nasal Vowels: ẽ ǝ̃ ã ũ Diphthongs: aj ej ow aw ɔw Articles: art; Pronouns: 1 4di 4ie 2 5 3 6; Syntax: SVO/(OVS) NA N-POSS

~~Number:~~ 4362: Language: Yau; Classification: Indo-Pacific: Trans-New Guinea: Central & Western: Finisterre-Huon: Finisterre: Uruwa; Consonant system:

© «lexicons.ru», 2012. Автор и владелец - Игорь Константинович Гаршин (см. резюме).
Дочерний веб-проект Сайта Игоря Гаршина
Присылайте, пожалуйста, письма (

) с советами, отзывами, замечаниями и предложениями.

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Страница обновлена 25.10.2022