Здесь представлены краткие справки по фонетике и грамматике 11 языков
Эскалеутской семьи, взятые с
типологической базы проекта глобальной этимологической базы данных "Вавилонская башня", основанную Сергеем Анатольевичем Старостиным.
.
, который реконструирован старостинцами на основе этимологических баз праязыков их групп:
северной (чукотско-корякской) и южной (ительменской, камчадальской).
-->
Всего здесь представлены типологические обзоры 2 языковых ветвей:
Grammar:
GD: Geoghegan, Richard Henry. 1944. The Aleut Language. Washington, D,C.: Dept of the Interior.
Menovshchikov, G.A. 1968. "Aleutskij jazyk" in JNS 5, 386-406.
Consonant system:
(p) t k q
(b)
s x χ h
ð ɣ ʁ
m n ŋ
l ɬ
r
(in some dialects p > m, b > w)
Stops: (p) (b) t k q (in some dialects p > m, b > w)
Fricatives: ð s x ɣ χ ʁ h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Noun:Number: s d p
Demonstratives: >20, +e.g
This, that near visible, that inside, that far visible, that invisible, that above, that outside, that far away, that underneath,
that not far away, that going past, that invisible far in time or space, that above close, that lying nearby, that
Pronouns:
1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
Syntax: SOV NA GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Ergative: ERG
Consonant system:
p t k
s χ (h)
v ɣ
m n ŋ
l ɬ
(ɹ̣)
Stops: p t k
Fricatives: v s ɣ χ (h)
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: (ɹ̣)
Modified Consonants: c̄ all but v s ɣ
Glides: j
Vowel system:
I ʋ
ɐ
Front Vowels: I
Central Vowels: ɐ
Back Vowels: ʋ
Long Vowels: ī ā ū
Noun
Number: s d p
Pronouns:
1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
Syntax: SOV GN N-POSS
Ergative:
Prep/Post: /POST
Number: 2012
Language: Greenlandic
Dialect: West Greenlandic
Location: W Greenland
Population: 65,000
Classification: Eskimo-Aleut: Eskimo: Inuit
Other Sources:
Mase, Hideo and Jørgen Rischel,1972. "A Study of Consonant Quantity in West Greenlandic," IJDL 1:2, 138-95.
WALS
Consonant system:
p t k q
s š
ɣ ʁ
m n ŋ
l
Stops: p t k q
Fricatives: s š ɣ ʁ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Modified Consonants: c̄ all but j
Glides: j w
Vowel system:
i u
a
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Diphthongs: ai only
Other Sources:
Miyaoka, Osahito. 1971. "On Syllable Modification and Quantity in Yuk," IJAL 37, 219-26.
Swedish, Morris. 1951-2. "Unaaliq and Proto Eskimo I-III," IJAL 17, 66-70; 18, 25-34, & 69-76.
Consonant system:
p t k q
č
f v š ž x ɣ χ ʁ
m n ŋ
l ɬ
Stops: p t k q
Affricates: č
Fricatives: f v š ž x ɣ χ ʁ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Modified Consonants: c̄
Glides: j w
Vowel system:Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: i a u
Other Sources: Krauss, Michael E. 1976. "Eskimo-Aleut," in NLA 1, 191.
Consonant system:
p t k kʷ q qʷ
f v s z x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ (h)
m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥ ŋʷ ŋ̥ʷ
l ɬ
r r̥
Stops: p t k kʷ q qʷ
Fricatives: f v s z x ɣ xʷ ɣʷ χ ʁ χʷ ʁʷ (h)
Nasals: m m̥ n n̥ ŋ ŋ̥ ŋʷ ŋ̥ʷ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: r r̥
Glides: j
Vowel system:Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels:
u
Long Vowels: i a u
Ergative:
Prep/Post:
Number: 2017
Language: Chaplino Dialect: Siberian
Location: NE Russia (Siberia)
Population: 1,700
Classification: Eskimo-Aleut: Eskimo: Yupik:
Siberian Grammar:
Menovshchikov, G.A. 1954. Eskimossko-russkij slovar'. Leningrad.
Menovshehikov, G.A. 1962,1967. Grammatika jazyka aziatskix eskimosov, 2 vols. Moscow.
Menovshchikov, G.A. 1968. "Eskimosskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 366-85.
Consonant system:
p t k q
f v s z š x ɣ χ ʁ
m n n̥ ŋ
l ɬ
r
Stops: p t k q
Fricatives: f v s z š x ɣ χ ʁ
Nasals: m n n̥ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j
Vowel system:Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄
Noun
Number: s d p
Demonstratives: 20: see the St. Lawrence Island dialect.
Pronouns:
1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3 6d 6
Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Ergative: ERG
Grammar: GD: Menovshchikov, G.A. 1975. Jazyk naukanskix eskimosov. Leningrad: Nauka.
Consonant system:
p t k q
v s x ɣ χ
m n ŋ
l ɬ
r
Stops: p t k q
Fricatives: v s x ɣ χ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ
Vibrants: r
Glides: j w
Vowel system:Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ɨ a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄
Diphthongs: ʋi au ei iu eu ea ...
Syllable: (C)V(C)
Noun:Number: s d p
Demonstratives: 20:
(1) this close, (2) that in front, (3) this nearby, (4) that in the water, (5) that behind above,
(6) that below, (7) that above, (8) that invisible, (9) that outside, (10) that outside close by,
(11) that inside, (12) that invisible far away, (13) that behind not far, (14) that unknown, (15) that way above,
(16) that on the mountain, (17) that far away, (18) that going past, (19) that drawing near, (20) that to the side
Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N/N-POSS
Ergative: ERG
Prep/Post: /POST
Comments: Spoken in Siberia and on St. Lawrence Island, this the only language native to bother hemispheres.
The Russian and American groups have, however, been isolated from each other since the inception of the Cold War in 1947.
)
с советами, отзывами, замечаниями и предложениями.
