Здесь представлены краткие справки по фонетике и грамматике 5 языков
Чукамчатской семьи, взятые с
типологической базы проекта глобальной этимологической базы данных "Вавилонская башня", основанную Сергеем Анатольевичем Старостиным.
Языки чукотско-камчатской [чукамчатской, камчукотской] семьи ведут свою историю от
прачукамчатского языка
, который реконструирован старостинцами на основе этимологических баз праязыков их групп:
северной (чукотско-корякской) и южной (ительменской, камчадальской).
Всего здесь представлены типологические обзоры 2 языковых ветвей:
Classification: Chukchi-Kamchatkan: Northern
Dictionary: Moll, T.A. and P.I. Inenlikej. 1957. Chukotsko-russkij slovar'. Leningrad.
Grammar:
Skorik, P.J. 1961. Grammatika chukotskogo jazyka, Part I. Moscow.
Sokrik, P.J. 1968. "Chukotskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 248-70.
Other Sources:
Bogoras, W. 1922. "Chukchee," in Handbook of American Indian Lanugages, ed. by Franz Boas, Washington.
CTIL 1, 359.
Consonant system:
p t k q ʔ
ts (used only by women) č
ɣ
m n ŋ
l
r
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: ts (used only by women) č
Fricatives: ɣ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ t k q m n ŋ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:
i u
e ǝ o
a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u o
Long Vowels: v̄ ?
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Stress: penult & final
Noun
Number: s p
Demonstratives: 2
Pronouns:
1 4
2 5
3 6
Syntax: SVO(ERG)/SOV(NOM) AN GN DN NUM-N
Ergative: ERG
Grammar: Skorik, P.J. 1968. "Kerekskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 310-33.
Consonant system:
p t k q ʔ
č̌
h
(ɣ)
m n ŋ
l
(r)
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: (ɣ) h
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Vibrants: (r)
Modified Consonants: c̄ all but ʔ h
Glides: j w
Vowel system:
i u
ǝ
a
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u
Long Vowels: v̄ all
Consonant system:
p t k q ʔ
č̌
(f)
v ɣ ʁ
m n ŋ
l
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: (f) v ɣ ʁ
Nasals: m n ŋ
Laterals: l
Modified Consonants:
c̄ all but v j ʁ
cj t n l
Glides: j w
Vowel system:
i u
e (ǝ) o
a
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: (ǝ) a
Back Vowels: u o
Syllable: (C)(C)V(C)(C), but no CCVCC
Stress: tendency toward penult
NounNumber: s d p
Demonstratives: 3
Articles: def indef
Grammar: Zhukova, A.N. 1968. "Aljutorskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 294-309.
Other Sources: Mel'č̌uk, Igor A. and Elena N. Savvina. 1978. "Toward a Formal Model of Alutor Surface
Syntax: Predicative and Completive Constructions," Linguistics, Special Issue, 5-39.
Consonant system:
p t k q ʔ
č
s
v ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
l ʎ
r
Stops: p t k q ʔ
Affricates: č
Fricatives: v s ɣ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ʎ
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ all but ʔ
Glides: j w
Vowel system:
i u
ǝ
a
Front Vowels: i
Central Vowels: ǝ a
Back Vowels: u
Stress: mostly second, sometimes initial
Classification: Chukchi-Kamchatkan: Southern
Dictionary: Worth, Dean S. 1969. Dictionary of Western Kamchadal. UCPL 59.
Grammar: Volodin, A.P. and A.N. Zhukova. 1968. "Itel'menskij jazyk," in JNS 5, 334-51.
Other Sources: Worth, Dean Stoddard. 1961. Kamchadal Texts Collected by W. Jochelson. The Hague: Mouton.
Consonant system:
p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ
č čʔ
f s x χ
v z ɣ
m n ñ ŋ
l ɬ ʎ
r
Stops: p pʔ t tʔ k kʔ q qʔ ʔ
Affricates: č čʔ
Fricatives: f v s z x ɣ χ
Nasals: m n ñ ŋ
Laterals: l ɬ ʎ
Vibrants: r
Modified Consonants: c̄ k č s z ɣ m n ñ l w
Glides: j w w̥
Vowel system:
i u
e o
a ɑ
Front Vowels: i e
Central Vowels: a
Back Vowels: u o ɑ
Long Vowels: v̄ ?