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Лексика юкагиро-уральского праязыка на *I

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Реконструированный словарный фонд протоуральского (праурало-юкагирского) языка с инициалью *I- (всего 17 корней):

№: 142

PROTO-URALIC: *ićä

MEANING: father

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Vater

FIN: isä 'Vater', iso 'Vater, Väterchen', ? iso 'groß an Fläche, weit'

EST: isa 'Vater'

SAA: æč, æčče (N), jiečče (jea) (T), ehč (ejj) (Not.), jēč (ječča), eč (ečče) (A)

MRD: oćä (M) 'Vaterbruder, der älter ist als der Vater', oću 'groß' (?)

MAR: ǝzä (KB), iza (U), iźa (M) 'älterer Bruder; jüngerer Bruder des Vaters', iza (B) 'älterer Bruder'

MAN: ǟś (KU P) 'Vater der Mutter'

UGR: ős (dial. ös, ösi) 'Ahn, der Urahne, Vorfahr, Vorvater; uralt; (altung.) Großvater'

NEN: nīśe 'Vater' (O)

ENC: äδǟ (Ch.), eδe (K.)

NGA: jase (gen. jaje)

SLK: ɛ̂s (Ta.), as (Ke.), êhê, êχ (N)

SAMM2: FU *is'ä

RESHET: Note Finn iso 'big, large' and Mord. Mks. oc'u 'big' - really related to the words meaning 'father' etc.? In Mord., o- corresponding to FB *i- is attested in some over cases (factors causing its appearance are being cleared up now).

LIT: FUV; SKES; Budenz MUSz. 857; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Beitr. 161, 237; Collinder Comp.Gr. 377

№: 143

PROTO-URALIC: *ićä (*üćä)

MEANING: few, small

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: wenig, klein

EST: üsa 'Weniges', üsaga 'bei Wenigem, wenig zur Zeit', ei üsagi 'gar nichts'

MAR: izi (KB U), iźe (M), ize (B) 'klein'

UDM: ič́i (S), ići (G) 'wenig', ič́i-meń (S), ići-meń (G) 'junge Frau; Schwägerin; Braut'

KOM: ić-aj (I) 'Stiefvater', ić-iń (V) 'Stiefmutter', ić-moń (S), ić-mo.ń (P) 'junge Frau, Schwiegertochter', ići-pi (PO) 'Schwager, Mannesbruder', iće̮t (S), uće̮t (P), u̇ćø.t (PO) 'klein'

MAN: ǖ͔š́ (= wūć od. üwć od. üć?) (TJ), wiś (KU), iś (P) 'klein', uś ēŋk (LO) 'младшая золовка'

UGR: *(w)üc'

SMD: *ücä

ADD: Vgl. Sk. ča? Wahrscheinlich auch rejected Sam, vgl. auch Sam \*ücä.

RESHET: The Mansi word may be a Komi loan, but at present we have no decisive arguments in favour of this assumption. In Samoyed, *üsä would be expected. However, we may deal with a specific reflexation of Ur. *-c'- connected with the presence of an adjacent labial vowel (in Samoyed, similar phenomena are observed in several other examples). On the other hand, cf. also Lapp N (Friis) ucce 'parvus, exiguus' (Paas. Beitr. 160, Setälä FUF 2:229 etc., quoted also by Lytkin in ИВПЯ 179) with *-c- (although geminate) normally corresponding to Samoyed *-c-; still the comparison with Lapp is unreliable because of irregular vocalism (the Lapp form should be checked - note its scarse attestation as well as a possibility of other etymological relations).

LIT: FUV; КЭСКЯ; Paas. Beitr. 160-161FUV; Collinder Comp. Gr. 178, 414; ИВПЯ 179; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek... 150

№: 144

PROTO-URALIC: *iće ~ *iśe

MEANING: shadow; shadow soul

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Schatten; Schattenseele

FIN: itse 'selbst'

EST: ise 'selbst; eigen, besonder'

SAA: ieš ~ jieš, (du., pl.) ieǯâ ~ jieǯâ (N) 'himself, self-', ietj (L) 'selbst, selber', jičče, pl. jiǯ (T), īčč (Kld.), jiehč, jehč (Not.), īč (A) 'selbst, sich, sein'

MRD: eś, äś (E), eś (M) 'selbst, selber, eigen'

MAR: ǝške, ške (KB), ǝ̑ške, ške (U), iške (M) 'selbst, eigen', ške (B) 'selbst'

KOM: aći̮m (S P), a.ćim (PO)

KHN: i̮л-ēs (J) 'Schattenseele', is (Kr.) 'Seele, Geist', is-χȯ̆r (O) 'Schattenbild; Gespenst'

MAN: jisú-k`ørø (T) 'der Name einer unruhig umherirrenden Seele', jiw-is (LM) 'der Schatten des Baumes', iskoar (KM), isχor (So.) 'Schattengestalt; Schattenseele des lebenden Menschen; Geist', is (So.) 'der wirkliche, im Sonnenschein sichtbare Schatten des Menschen; Geist'

UGR: ísz, isz, iz (dial.) 'Brand (Krankheit), Krebs; eine böse Krankheit des Zahnfleisches; ein seelischer zwingender Grund, wahrscheinlich einer von den Bösen' ?, is (dial. ës, és, ēs) 'auch', ? és, s 'und'

SAMM2: *ii/is'/c'i

YUK: eʒie, iʒie 'selbst; oneself'

LIT: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TeSz.; Paas. Beitr. 168, 172; Collinder, JukUr. 73; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage... 70, 127

№: 145

PROTO-URALIC: *ičV-

MEANING: to press

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: drücken, pressen, drängen

MRD: iče- 'kneten'

MAR: jǝ̑še- (JU), iše- (U) 'drücken, bedrängen', iš- (B) 'pressen, drücken'

UDM: iški̮- (NyK) 'теребить (лен); рвать (цветы); щипать', i̮čki̮-, ị̑škị̑- 'abreißen'

KOM: i̮čki̮- 'mähen'

KHN: iš- (DN, Kr.) 'drücken, schieben, treiben, drängen', is- (O), ĭš- 'beschädigen', ĭš- (Kaz.) 'id.; in seinen Magen stopfen'

LIT: FUV; DEWO 5; Paas. Beitr. 262; Stein.FgrVok. 60; Collinder Comp.Gr. 390

№: 146

PROTO-URALIC: *ike(-ńe, -ne)

MEANING: palate; gums

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Gaumen; Zahnfleisch

FIN: ien (gen. ikenen) 'Zahnfleisch'

EST: ige (gen. igeme) 'Gaumen', pl. igemed 'Zahnfleisch'

UDM: aŋ (S K) 'Zahnfleisch, Gaumen' ?

KOM: an, piń-an (S) 'Zahnfleisch', an (Pr.) 'id., Gaumenn'

UGR: íny (dial. én, ény, in, ín) 'id.; Gaumen; Geschmack; (altung.) Rachen; Kinnbacken, Kiefer'

SAMM2: FU *i/eki/äni

REDEI: *ik3n

RESHET: Despite Rédei, the Ob-Ugric form belongs here (not to the etymological group listed in URAET 44); for its semantics ('chin') cf. the meaning 'jaw' alongside with 'gum' in Hun. In spite of semantics of Permic *aŋ 'gum, palate', I would reject Rédei's hypothesis that it is also a reflex of the FU word in question, but phonetically influenced by Permic *aŋ 'jaw' (apparently belonging to the etymology presented in URAET 683); the situation seems to be simpler - we can suppose that the Permic word meaning 'gum, palate' is historically identic with *aŋ 'jaw', being a result of a secondary semantical development (cf. the semantical correlation observed in Ugric).

LIT: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 818; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Stein. Fgr.Vok. 61

№: 147

PROTO-URALIC: *ikte (*ükte)

MEANING: one

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: ein, eins

FIN: yksi (gen. yhden) 'einer, ein'

EST: üks (gen. ühe) 'ein, eins'

SAA: ǫk'tâ ~ âk'tâ -vt- 'one, single' (N), akta (L) 'einer, eine, eines', akt (T), øχt, øvt (Kld. Not. A) 'ein, derselbe'

MRD: vejke, viJkä, väJkä (E), fkä, ifkä (M) 'ein'

MAR: ik' (KB U B adj.), iktǝ, iktǝt (KB), ikte, iktǝ̑t (U B) (noun)

UDM: odi̮g, og (S), odik, ok (K), odị̑g, odig, og (G) 'ein, einzig'; ukmi̮s (S), ukmǝ̑s (K), ukmị̑s (G) 'neun'

KOM: e̮t-pi̮r (S P), ȯt-pør (PO) 'einmal, einst', e̮t́i, e̮t́ik (S), e̮ti̮k, e̮ti.k (P) 'ein, einer', ȯ.tik (PO) 'ein'; e̮kmi̮s 'neun'

MAN: ük (TJ), äko (KU), äk (P), akoa (So.) 'ein'

SAMM2: FP *ükti

LIT: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; MUSz. 769; Orbán G. A finnugor nyelvek számnevei, Bratislava 1932; Collinder IUrSprg. 10, JukUr. 104; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek... 216

№: 148

PROTO-URALIC: *ilma

MEANING: sky, weather; god

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Himmel, Wetter; Gott

FIN: ilma 'Luftkreis, Luft; Wind; Wetter, Witterung' ( > Saam. N il'bme -lm- 'world; air')

EST: ilm (gen. ilma) 'Welt; Wetter, Witterung'

SAA: âl'bme -lm- (N) 'heaven, sky; heavy snowfall', al'mē (L), ailme (T), ailm (Kld.), øilm (Not. A) 'Himmel (A auch Welt)'

UDM: in (inm-) (S), iń (ińm-) (K) 'Luft; Himmel', in (inm-) (G) 'Himmel', inmar 'Gott'

KOM: jen (jenm-) (S P) 'Gott; Himmel', jen (je.nm-) 'Gott')

KHN: itǝm (Ko.) 'Welt, Himmelsstrich', ilǝm (O) 'trübe, wölkig (Tag); Witterung', jeлǝm (Kaz. folk.) 'Welt, Himmelsstrich' ( > Mansi N jēlǝm), num-itǝm (Ko.), num-ilǝm (O) 'Himmel, Himmelsgott'

MAN: jelėm, jēlǝm, ēlm (LU), ilėm (LM), ēlėm (N) 'Wetter, Luft'

SAMM2: *ilma

RESHET: Cf. Finn Ilmari(nen) 'god of heaven' and Udm. inmar 'god' - reflexes of an old derivative?

LIT: FUV; MUSz. 785; Donn. VglWb. 1:107, 2:31; SKES; ИВПЯ 135

№: 149

PROTO-URALIC: *ilV

MEANING: evening

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Abend

FIN: ilta 'Abend'

MRD: iĺät́ 'abends; Abend'

KHN: itȧj (DN), ilȧ (O) 'Abend'

RESHET: Rédei doesn't accept the comparison with the Finn word: he rejects Collinder's hypothesis (presented in FUV) that historically il-ta is a partitive form of a word *ile-, which, in its turn, makes him repudiate this Finn etymology itself. However, even if Rédei is right denying the idea about the partitive, his final conclusion is premature, since the Finn word in question still may be a result of some derivational processes (cf., on the other hand, -t' in the Mord. cognate, which, true, is deemed to be identic with a productive temporal suffix).

LIT: FUV

№: 150

PROTO-URALIC: *ime-

MEANING: to suck

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: saugen

FIN: ime- 'saugen'

EST: ime-

KHN: em- (V DN)

UGR: em- (altung.) 'saugen', emlő 'Brust, Zitze'

NEN: ńimńe-, ŋaḿā- (O)

NGA: ńimiri-

SLK: ńem- (Ty.)

KAM: ńimēr-, emēr-

ADD: Mot. нюмнiямъ 'грудь сосу' ?; Taig. nímu

RESHET: Lallwort (Rédei) - not obvious! Alongside with the forms listed in SAMDET 54 (which don't correspond to each other in regard to vocalism - see Notes in the above-mentioned record), we have also an etymological group reflecting Proto-Sam. *n'im- (and *n'im-ǝjr-) 'to suck' (see SAMDET 55), which may be related to Lapp *n'эmэ- 'to suck' (> N njâmmâ-, Not. n'imme-, Ter n'i̊mmi̊-, Kld. n'i̊mme-) and Komi Pm. n'imȧv- 'id.', thus going back to Ur. *n'im- (the Lapp-Komi parallel - without the Proto-Lapp reconstruction - is noted in UEW, and it is correctly kept apart from the Ur. stem 'to suck' having no initial *n'-). This situation is complicated by the circumstance that the North Sam. forms with *n'- (listed by me under Proto-Sam. *n'im-) may, in fact, still belong to Ur. */i/m-, the initial nasal being due to a prothesis regular for North Sam. (let's stress that it is only the North Sam. material that is characterized by such unambiguity). Note the presence of parallel forms apparently presenting two different Proto-Sam. stems - in particular, Kms. emēr- 'to suck' and n'imēr- 'id.'. In UEW, the Sam. reflexes of Ur. */i/m- and *n'im- are erroneously united under *ime-.

YUK: ibi 'saugen; to suck'

LIT: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 781; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Collinder JukUr. 77

№: 151

PROTO-URALIC: *imV

MEANING: old woman, grandmother

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: alte Frau, Grossmutter

SAA: ibme -m- (N) 'wife of paternal or maternal uncle', ipmē (L) 'die Frau des Oheims', ì̮mme (Ko. P), ė'mme (Not.) 'Frau des Vaterbruders od. Onkels'

KHN: imi (V) 'altes Weib; Mutter des Vaters od. der Mutter', imǝ (DN) 'alte Frau, Greisin', imi (O) 'Mutter des Mannes (als Anrede)'

NGA: imid́i 'бабушка; Großmutter'

SLK: ima (Ta.), ĕma (OM) 'старуха, баба'. emá, ĕ.ma (N) 'Eheweib'

JANH: (106) *imi (/?*n'imi)

SAMM2: *imi-

ADD: Koib. nemy-ka 'altes Weib'

LIT: FUV; Paas. Beitr. 12; DEWO 99

№: 152

PROTO-URALIC: *iptV (*üpte)

MEANING: high water; to rise (of water)

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: hoher Wasserstand; zunehmen, steigen (Wasser)

KOM: i̮t-va (S V) 'hoher Wasserstand, hohes Wasser'

KHN: ȧ̆pǝt- (Trj.) 'wallen, schäumen (Kessel, Suppe)', epǝt- (DN O) 'zunehmen, steigen (Wasser), überwallen' ( > Mansi So. ēptǝm wit 'Hochwasser')

LIT: КЭСКЯ; DEWO 154

№: 153

PROTO-URALIC: *ipV ~ *ipV-sV ~ *ipV-śV

MEANING: taste; odor

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Geschmack; Geruch

SAA: afse, avse = hakse (gen. havse), hâk'sâ -vs- (N) 'odor; excrement of reindeer in summer', hâk'se- -vs- (N) 'smell, sniff', hapsa ~ haksa (L) 'Geruch; der Rentiermist im Sommer', aps (T Kld.), øhps (Not.) 'Gestank, Geruch', aipse- (T Kld.), aihpse- (Not.) 'stinken, riechen'

MRD: opoś (M) 'Geruch, Witterung'

MAR: üpš (KB U, B), üpś (M) 'Geruch'

KOM: is (isk-) (S) 'Gestank, Geruch'

KHN: ewǝl (V), epǝt (DN), epǝl (O) 'Geruch, Geschmack', ewsint- (V), epsent- (DN) 'schnuppern, wittern (Hund)'

MAN: ǟp, äp (N) 'Dunst, Ausdünstung', ät (TJ), ǟt (KU P), at (So.) 'Geruch, Gestank'

UGR: íz (dial. iz, éz, üz, űz) 'Geschmack, dial. Geruch, Duft'

NEN: ŋapt (O) 'Geruch'

ENC: obto

NGA: ŋobta

SLK: aptэ (Ta.), ăptα (Ke.) 'Geruch, Gestank', āpte (Ty.) 'Geruch'

KAM: puʔbtu, puʔptu 'Geruch; Duft'

JANH: (98) *ipsi

SAMM2: *ipsi

ADD: Koib. обдалем 'пущаю дым из роту'

RESHET: A complicated, but quite reliable case.

LIT: FUV; Donn. Vgl.Wb. 807; MUSz. 764, 828; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Paas. Beitr. 245; Collinder Comp.Gr. 101

№: 154

PROTO-URALIC: *irkä (*ürkä)

MEANING: man; son, boy

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: Mann; Sohn, Knabe

FIN: yrkä 'Junggesell, Freier', yrkö 'Mann' ( > Saam. S irɛkē 'Bräutigam')

MAR: erɣǝ (KB), erɣe (U B) 'Sohn, Knabe; Enkel'

UGR: -ër, -ér, -ar in embër 'Mensch, Mann', férj 'Ehemann', magyar (altung. mogyër) 'Ungar, ungarisch', Mëgyër 'Name eines alten ungarischen Stammes'

LIT: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 516, 782; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.

№: 155

PROTO-URALIC: *irwV

MEANING: merry; to rejoice

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: lustig, froh; sich freuen

SAA: ârvuk (N) 'gay, lively, spirited', (h)arvuk (L) 'frühaufstehend, munter' ?

UGR: öröm 'Freude, Lust, Vergnügen', örül-, örvend 'sich freuen, froh sein' ?

RESHET: For the Hun. stem, a contact origin can be supposed - cf. similar material in Turk.: Yak. üör, Sag. ürün, Shor ürgün 'sich freuen; to rejoice (intr.), to be glad' (to appreciate this hypothesis, we still have to check some details).

LIT: MUSz. 853; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Collinder Comp. Gr. 403

№: 156

PROTO-URALIC: *irV- (*ürV-)

MEANING: to drink

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: trinken

MRD: iŕed́e- (E M) 'betrunken werden'

KOM: i̮re̮š (S P), ørø.š 'Dünnbier, Kwaß'

NEN: ŋäer- (O) 'trinken, einen Schluck tun'

SLK: îra- (Ke.) 'trinken', ȫra-, ē̮ra- 'sich betrinken'

ADD: Mot. urnia- 'trinken'; Karag. uršn-; Taig. örsu-

LIT: FUV; КЭСКЯ

№: 157

PROTO-URALIC: *itä

MEANING: to appear; become visible

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: das Erscheinen; erscheinen, sichtbar werden

FIN: itä- 'keimen, aufkeimen', itä 'Osten, Morgen', itu 'Keim' ( > Saam. N itte- -đ- 'appear, come into view', iđed 'morning', itto -đ- 'germ', L ihtē- 'sich zeigen, erscheinen', itēt 'Morgen', T jitte-, Kld. itte-, ėitte- 'zum Vorschein kommen, erscheinen', T jienta, jenta, janta, Kld. jenta, Not. iaδa 'morgen'; Est. ida, ide (gen. ideme), idu, ite (gen. itte, itme) 'Keim', ida 'Ost', idane- 'keimen') ?

KHN: et- (V DN O) 'сплавиться (рыба) (V); sichtbar werden (Mond) (V); sich erheben, wachsen (DN); aufstehen, zum Vorschein kommen, aufgehen (Sonne) (O)' ?

SMD: *ǝtǝ-; *ǝtǝ-/jVj/m-

REDEI: [Redei: if Finn. -t- goes back to *-č-, it can be compared with Saam. N âcce- -ʒ- 'rise (sea), L ahtsē- 'sich vermehren, zunehmen, steigen', T aicce- 'steigen']

YUK: jed- 'sichtbar werden, erscheinen; to become visible, to appear'

LIT: SKES; DEWO 204; Collinder Comp. Gr. 81, 390, 411

№: 158

PROTO-URALIC: *ittä-

MEANING: to hang

RUSSMEAN:

GERMMEAN: hängen, aufhängen

MRD: it́e- (M) 'aufhängen (z. B. eine Wiege)' ?

NEN: ŋidā- 'aufhängen' (O)

ENC: iriʔa- (Ch.), idiʔa- (B)

NGA: ŋidiʔe- 'aufhängen (Kessel, Kleid)', ŋüδa (NyK) 'hängen'

SLK: îta- (Ta.), îtta- (Ke.), êdá-, ĕ̮dá- (N) 'aufhängen'

KAM: edǝ- 'aufhängen', edш̄- 'hängen'

ADD: Koib. адля 'вишу'; Mot. идямъ; ? коми: ышт-

RESHET: Sam. material considered by Rédei related to this Mord. stem is listed by me within another entry (according to a suggestion by E.A. Helimsky) - see URAET 6, the Mord. word thus turning out isolated (Helimsky's attempt to compare it with Komi ɨšt- doesn't seem persusive enough).

© «lexicons.ru», 2012. Автор и владелец - Игорь Константинович Гаршин (см. резюме).
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