n-
from, in a nuas, a nРјos, Irish, Old Irish an-; See a.
na
not, ne, Irish, Old Irish na: used with the imperative mood solely. It is an ablaut and independent form of the neg. prefix in (see ion-, an-), an ablaut of Indo-European nГЄ, Latin nГЄ, Greek @Gnc-; shorter from Latin ne@u-, Gothic ni, English not (ne-Р±-wiht), etc.; further Indo-European n@.-, Greek @Ga@'n-, Latin in-, English un-, Gaelic an-. See nach, which is connected herewith as Greek @Gou@'k, @Gou@'; the Welsh is nac, nag, with imperative, Breton na.
na
or, vel, Irish nР±, Early Irish, Old Irish nСѓ, Welsh neu: *nev (Stokes, who allies it to Latin nuo, nod, Greek @GneСЉw, Sanskrit nР±vate, go remove; but, in 1890, Bez. Beit.@+16 51, he refers it to the root nu, English now). It can hardly be separated from neo, otherwise, q.v. Strachan agrees.
na
than, Irish nР±, Middle Irish inР±, Early Irish inda, indР±s, Old Irish ind as, indР±s, pl. indate (read indР±te); from the prep. in and tР±, to be (Zeuss@+2, 716-7, who refers to the other prepositional comparative conjunction oldaas, from ol, de). The use of in in Old Irish as the relative locative may also be compared.
na
what, that which, id quod, Middle Irish ina, ana, inna n-, Early Irish ana n-; for an a, Old Irish rel. an (really neuter of art.) and Gaelic rel a, which see. Descent from ni or ni, without any relative, is favoured by Book of Deer, as do ni thРЅssad, of what would come. Possibly from both sources.
'na , 'na-
in his, in her, in (my); the prep. an with the possessive pronouns: 'nam, 'nar, 'nad (also ad, Early Irish at, it), 'nur, 'na, 'nan.
nР°baidh , nР°buidh
a neighbour; from the Norse nР°-bСЉi, neighbour, "nigh-dweller", the same in roots as English neighbour.
nach
not, that not (conj.), that not = quin (rel), noone? Irish, Early Irish nach, Welsh nac, nag, not, Breton na: *nako, from na, not, which See above, and ko or k as in Greek @Gou@'k against @Gou@' (Stokes). The ko has been usually referred to the same pronominal origin as -que in Latin neque; it does appear in neach.
nР°dur
nature, Irish nР±dСЉr, Welsh natur; from Latin natura.
naid
a lamprey ( Sh., O'Br.), Irish naid:
naidheachd
news, Irish nСЉaidheachd, Welsh newyddion; from nuadh, new.
nР°ile
yea! an interjection:
nР°ird , a nР°ird
upwards, Irish anР±irde, Early Irish i n-ardi, i n-airddi; prep. in (now an) into, and Р°irde, height: "into height". This adverb is similar in construction to a bhР°n, a mach, a steach, etc., for which See a.
nР°ire
shame, Irish nР±ire, Early Irish nР±re: *nagro-, shameful, root nagh, be sober, Greek @Gnc/fw (do.), German nГјchtern, fasting, sober.
nР°isneach
modest; compare nР°istinn.
nР°istinn
care, wariness; from Norse njСѓsn, spying, looking out, Gothic niuhseini, visitation ( @Ge@'piskopc/), Anglo-Saxon neСѓsan, search out.
naitheas
harm, mischief:
nall
from over, to this side, Irish, Old Irish annall; from an (see a) and all of thall, q.v.
nР°mhaid
an enemy, Irish nР±mhaid, g. namhad, Old Irish nР±ma, g. nР±mat, pl.n. nР±mait: *nГўmant-, root nГґm, nem, seize, take; Greek @GnР№mesis, wrath, nemesis, @GnwmР±w, @GnР№mw, distribute; Old High German nГўma, rapine, German nehmen, take, English nimble; Zend. nemanh, crime, Alb. name, a curse. Cf. Welsh, Cornish, and Breton nam, blame.
na'n
(na'm), if (with false supposition), Middle Gaelic dane, da n-, da m- (Dean of Lismore), Irish da, dР± (for da n-, eclipsing), Early Irish dР± n-, dРЅa n-, Old Irish dian: the prep. di or de and rel. an; Manx dy. The Gaelic form with n for d is puzzling, though its descent from da n- seems undoubted.
naoi
nine, so Irish, Old Irish nСѓi n-, Welsh, Cornish naw, Breton nao: *neun@.; Latin novem; Greek @Ge@'n-nР№a; English nine, German neun; Sanskrit nР±van.
naoidhean
an infant, so Irish, Old Irish nСѓidiu, gen. nСѓiden: *ne-vid-, "non-witted"? Cf. for force Greek @Gnc/pios, infant (= @Gnc-pios, not-wise one), from @G-pifos, wise, @GpinutСѓs (do.), root qei of ciall, q.v. So Stokes in Celt.Ph.@+2; now *no-vidiГґn ( no = ne); cf. Greek @Gnc/pios.
naomh
holy, Irish naomh, Early Irish nСѓem, nСѓeb, Old Irish nСѓib: *noibo-s; Old Persian naiba, beautiful, Persian nГ®w (do.). Bez. suggests the alternative of Lettic naigs, quite beautiful.
naosga
a snipe, Irish naosga: *snoib-sko-, root sneib, snib of English snipe?
nar
negative particle of wishing: *ni-air, for not; air and nРј.
nР°sag
an empty shell:
nasg
a band, tieband, collar, Irish, Early Irish nasc: *nasko-; Old High German nusca, fibula, Norse nist, brooch: *n@.dh-sko-, root n@.dh (Brug.). The verg nasg, Old Irish -nascim, appears in Breton as naska. The root nedh is in Sanskrit nahyati. Others make the root negh of Latin nexus, etc., and the root snet of snР°th, q.v., has been suggested. See snaim further.
nasgaidh
gratis, free, Irish a n-aisge, freely, aisge, a gift. See asgaidh.
natar
nitre; from English natron, nitre,
nathair
a serpent, so Irish, Old Irish nathir, Welsh neidr, Cornish nader, Middle Breton azr: *natrГ®x; Latin natrix, water snake; Gothic nadrs, Norse naГ°r, English adder. The Teutonic words are regarded by Kluge as scarcely connected with Latin natrix, whose root is nat, swim.
-ne
emphatic participle added to the pl. of 1st pers. pron. sin-ne, ar n-athair-ne, "our father"; Old Irish ni, -ni, used independently (= nos) and as a suffix. See further under sinne.
neach
anyone, Irish neach, Old Irish nech, aliquis, Welsh, Cornish, Breton nep, neb, quisquam: *neqo-, ne-qo-; Lithuanian nekР°s, something, nekСЉrs, quidam, Let.. kР± ne kР±, anyhow. Stokes takes the ne from the negative root ne (se na); the qo is the pronominal stem of the interrogative (cf. Latin -que, neque).
nead
a nest, Irish nead, Early Irish net, Welsh nyth, Cornish neid, Breton nez, neiz: *nizdo-s; Latin nГ®dus; English nest; Sanskrit nГ®das. Supposed to be from *ni-sed-, "sit down".
nРёamh
heaven, Irish neamh, Old Irish nem, Welsh, Cornish nef, Middle Breton neff, now env: *nemos; Sanskrit nР±mas, bowing, reverence; Latin nemus, grove; Greek @GnР№mos, pasture: root nem, distribute, Greek @GnР№mw (do.), German nehmen, take. Gaulish has @Gnemcton or @Gnemeton, Old Irish nemed, sacellum. Often, and lately (1895) by Prof. Rhys, referred to the root nebh, be cloudy, Greek @GnР№fos, cloud, Latin nebula (see neul); but the Gaelic nasalized Рёa is distinctly against this, as also is the Breton env (Stokes).
neamhnuid
a pearl, Irish meamhunn, Middle Irish niamnuid, pearl, Early Irish nemanda, pearly, Old Irish nР№m, onyx (for nem?); root nem of nРёamh.
neanntag
nettle, Irish neantСѓg, Early Irish nenntai, nettles, nenaid. See deanntag.
neapaicin
a napkin, Irish naipicРЅn; from English
nРёarahd
happiness, usually mo nРёarachd, lucky to, Irish moigheanР№ar, happy is he (O'Br.), is meanar duit-se, happy it is for you (O'Growney), Middle Irish mo ghenar duit, good luck to you (Four Masters), mongenar (L.B.), Early Irish mogenar. The root seems to be mag (Indo-European magh), increase (see mac); cf. Latin macte, root, mak, great.
nearag
a daughter (Oss. Ballads); if a word properly handed down, it is interesting to compare it with the root of neart.
neasg , neasgaid
a boil, Irish neascСѓid, Early Irish nescoit: *ness-conti-, from Early Irish ness, wound (*snit-so-, root snit, cut. German schneide, S. sned), and -conti- found in urchoid? Stokes regards Early Irish ness, wound, as from *nesko-, root neg.
neimh
poison, Irish nimh, neimh, Old Irish nem, pl. neimi: *nemes-, "something given", root nem-, distribute (as in nРёamh)?
nРёip
a turnip; from the Scottish neep, Middle English ne@-pe, from Latin nГўpus.
neo , air neo
otherwise, alioquin (conj.); See neo-.
neo-
un-, Irish neamh-, neimh-, Middle Irish nem, Old Irish neb-, neph-: *ne-bo-; the ne is the negative seen in na, ni, but the bo is doubtful. Zimmer suggests that b is what remains of the subj. of bu, be: "be not".
neС‚inean, neС‚nan
the daisy, Irish nСѓinin: "noon-flower", from nС‚in, noon. Cf. the English daisy for force.
neonagan
a stye in the eye (Arg.); cf. leamhnad. Also steС‚nagan; cf. Scottish styen.
neoni
nothing, a trifle, Old Irish nephnРЅ; from neo- and ni, thing.
neul , nial
a cloud, Irish neul, Old Irish nР№l, pl.acc. nРЅula, Welsh niwl, mist: *neblo-s; Latin nebula; Greek @GnefР№lc; German nebel, mist; Old Slavonic nebo, sky; Sanskrit nabhas, mist.
ni
not, Irish nРЅ, Old Irish nРЅ, ni, Welsh ni: *nei; Old Latin nei, Latin ni-, nГЄ; Old H.German ni, German nein; Old Slavonic ni, neque; Zend naГЄ; Greek @Gnc-. Thurneysen says *ne-est = *nР№st, Celtic nРЅst, nРјs, ni h- non-aspirating.
ni
a thing, Irish nidh, Old Irish nРЅ, res, probably a curtailed form of Old Irish anРЅ, id quod, from the art.neut. and the pronominal suffix ei, which Zimmer compares to Gothic ei, that (conj.), sa-ei, that-ei, which is either the locative of pronominal o- (Greek @Gei@', Indo-European ei-so, this here), or the particle seen in Greek @Gou@`tos-РЅ ( i long), an instrumental of Latin is, Gaelic e, he. Some have regarded ni as from *gnithe, factum, which See in nРЅ, will do.
nРј
cattle; this is the same as ni, thing.
nРј
will do, Irish gnРЅm, I do, Old Irish dognРЅ, facit; See dРёan, gnРјomh.
niata
courageous, Irish nia, gen. niadh, a champion, niadhas, valour, Middle Irish forniatta, brave, Early Irish nia, g. nРЅath, possibly Ogam neta, netta (*nГЄta?): *neid-, Greek @Go@'neidos, revile, Lithuanian nР±ids, hatred, Sanskrit nind, mock, or *ni-sed-, down-setter? Rhys (Lect.) cfs. the Teutonic nanГѕ, venture, strive; this would give Gaelic preserved d.
nic
female patronymic prefix, Middle Gaelic nee (Dean of Lismore), Irish nРЅ, Middle Irish inРЅ, an abbreviation of Old Irish ingen, now inghean or nighean and ui, nepotis (Stokes). The Gaelic nic, really "grand-daughter", stands for inghean mhic or nРЅ mhic; we have recorded in 1566 Ne V@+c Kenze (M`Leod Charters).
nigh
wash, Irish nighim, Early Irish nigim, Old Irish dofonuch, lavo, nesta, laveris: *ligГґ, Indo-European nei@gГґ; Greek @GnРЅzw, @GnРЅptw; English nick, Auld Nick, a water power, German nix; Sanskrit nij, clean.
nighean
a daughter; a corruption of inghean, q.v.
nimh
poison, Irish nimh; See neimh.
nior
not (with perfect tense), Irish nРЅor, Early Irish nРЅr = nРЅ-ro; ro is the sign of past tenses.
nios , neas
a weazel, Irish neas, eas(Сѓg), Old Irish ness:
nРјos
from below, up, Irish anРЅos, Early Irish anРЅs; from an (see a) and ++Рјos.
nis
now, Irish anois, Middle Irish anosa, Early Irish innossai, Old Irish indossa; ind (now an) of the article and Gaelic fois, rest. The word appears in a bhos, q.v. The form indorsa, this hour (= now), is rejected by Ascoli as a misspelling for indossa.
ni 's
id quod, the usual classical Gaelic with the verb substantive to denote comparative state: tha i ni's fheаrr, she is better, Ir nios, Middle Irish nн is: "thing that is", from ni and is. The usual and true Gaelic form na 's is not a degraded form of Irish ni 's. The Gaelic na of na 's is simply na = id quod (see na); the Irish is some mediæval development with nн, for old ana, id quod, was lost, the simple a (art.) being used now in its stead, as in Old Irish As it was impossible to use a in the comparative construction with clearness, recourse was had to nн is. Thus Irish: An tan do thуgradh nн ba mу do dheunamh = Gaelic An tan a thogradh e na bu mhт a dhиanamh. Hence ni 's should never have been used in Scottish Gaelic.
niщc
a corner; from the Scottish neuk, Middle English no@-k. Dial. iщc. Skeat thinks the English is the borrower.
no
or, vel, Irish nР±, Early Irish, Old Irish nСѓ, Welsh neu; See na.
nochd
to-night, Irish anochd, Old Irish innocht, hac nocte: the art. and nochd, night, Welsh henoeth, Cornish neihur, Breton neyzor, nos: *nokti-; Latin nox, noctis; Greek @GnСЉx, @GnuktСѓs; Gothic nahts, English night; Lithuanian naktРјs; Sanskrit nР±kti.
nochd
naked, Irish nochdadh, manifestation, Old Irish nnocht, Welsh noeth, Cornish noyth, Breton noaz: *noqto-; Gothic naqaГѕs, Old High German nacot, English naked; further cf. Latin nГ»dus (*nogvidus); Slavonic nagu@u; Sanskrit nagnР±.
nodadh
a nod, suggestion; from the English
nodha
new; See nuadh.
noig
the anus:
noig
old-fashioned face; noigeiseach, snuffy; noigeanach (D. BР°n):
noigean
a noggin, Irish noigin; from the English noggin. Skeat thinks the English are the borrowers; but this is unlikely.
nС‚in
noon, Irish nСѓin, g. nСѓna, evening, noon, Early Irish nСѓin, nСѓna, Welsh nawn; from the Latin nГґna hora, ninth hour of the day, or 3 o'clock.
noir
the east, Irish anoir, Old Irish anair, "from before", if one looks at the morning sun; from an (see a) and air.
nollaig
Christmas, Irish nodlog, Early Irish notlaic, Welsh nadolig; from Latin natalicia, the Nativity.
norra
a wink of sleep (Arran), norradh (M`Rury):
nС‚s
a custom, Irish, Early Irish nСѓs, Welsh naws, Middle Breton neuz: *nomzo-, Greek @Gnomos, law, Latin numerus. Thurneysen thinks the Gadelic words are borrowed from the Welsh naws, from gnaws ( See gnР°th). Stokes gives *nomso- as stem for Gadelic alone; the Welsh he regards as from gnГў, as above. The ideal stem would be *nГўsto-, root nГўd.
nС‚s
a cow's first milk, Early Irish nus; from nua, new, and ass, milk.
nС‚tair
a notary, Irish nСѓtadСѓir, Old Irish notire; from Latin notarius.
nothaist
a foolish person:
nuadarra
angry, surly; See nuarranta.
nuadh
new, Irish nСЉadh, Old Irish nue, nСЉide, Welsh newydd, Old Breton nouuid, Breton neuez, Gaulish novio-: *novio-s; Latin novus, Novius; Greek nР№os, young, new; Gothic niujis, English new; Lithuanian naСЉjas; Sanskrit navya.
'nuair
when, "the hour that", Irish anuair, Early Irish innСЉair: the art. and word uair, q.v.
nuall , nuallan
a howling, cry, Irish nuaill, Early Irish nСЉall: *nouslo-n; Sanskrit nu, cry, navati; Lettic nauju, cry; Old High German niumo, praise, rejoicing.
nuarranta
sad, surly; cf. the Irish interjection mo nuar, my woe, root nu as above.
nuas
down, from above, Irish anuas; See a and uas.
nuaig
as far as, Old Gaelic gonice (B. of Deer), Irish nuige, go nuige, Early Irish connici: *con-do-icci; See thig, come.
nuimhir
number, so Irish; from Latin numerus. Usually uibhir, q.v.
'n uiridh
last year, Irish 'nuraidh, Early Irish innuraid; the art. and Old Irish dat. urid. See uiridh.
null
over, to beyond; for nunn on the analogy of nall, and for dissimilation of the ns. See nunn, the only Argyllshire form.
nunn
over, beyond, Irish anonn, Old L. inunn; from the prep. an (see a) and sund, here ("from here"), Welsh hwnt, Breton hont: (so-u-to-s), this. The pronominal forms beginning in so and to, or s and t without o, are all from the roots so and to ultimately.